Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their a...Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell line.Ecotoxicity was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay.Moreover,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells A549.The Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 samples.Results obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were toxic.All samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was recorded.PM10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower doses.Cytotox-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified pellets.Mutagenic activity was not detected in both S.typhi murium strains.This study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM emissions.Alternative raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.展开更多
Spare parts management is a function of maintenance management that aims to support maintenance activities,giving real-time information on the available quantities of each spare part and adopting the inventory policie...Spare parts management is a function of maintenance management that aims to support maintenance activities,giving real-time information on the available quantities of each spare part and adopting the inventory policies that ensure their availability when required,minimizing costs.The classification of spare parts is crucial to control the vast number of parts that have different characteristics and specificities.Spare parts management involves mainly two areas,maintenance and logistics.Therefore,the integration of both input information is recommended to make decisions.This paper presents a multicriteria classification methodology combining maintenance and logistics perspectives that intends to differentiate and group spare parts to,subsequently,define the most appropriate stock management policy for each group.The methodology was developed based on a case study carried out in a multinational manufacturing company and is intended to be included in its computerized maintenance management system to support decision-making.展开更多
基金We are also grateful for the support to CESAM(UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020)to FCT/MCTES through national funds,and co-funding by FEDER,within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020+2 种基金This study was financially supported by the project“Chemical and toxicological SOurce PROfiling of particulate matter in urban air(SOPRO)”,POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029574,funded by FEDER,through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao(POCI)by national funds(OE),through FCT/MCTES and Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020(Project N.007317).FCT is also acknowledged for the research contract under Scientific Employment Stimulus to H.Oliveira(CEECIND/04050/2017)The Vibrio fischeri bioluminescent inhibition tests were supported by the BIONANO_GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00017 project.
文摘Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell line.Ecotoxicity was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay.Moreover,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells A549.The Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 samples.Results obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were toxic.All samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was recorded.PM10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower doses.Cytotox-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified pellets.Mutagenic activity was not detected in both S.typhi murium strains.This study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM emissions.Alternative raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.
基金This work was supported by European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component,through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme(COMPETE 2020)[Project n°002814Funding Reference:POCI-01-0247-FEDER-002814]。
文摘Spare parts management is a function of maintenance management that aims to support maintenance activities,giving real-time information on the available quantities of each spare part and adopting the inventory policies that ensure their availability when required,minimizing costs.The classification of spare parts is crucial to control the vast number of parts that have different characteristics and specificities.Spare parts management involves mainly two areas,maintenance and logistics.Therefore,the integration of both input information is recommended to make decisions.This paper presents a multicriteria classification methodology combining maintenance and logistics perspectives that intends to differentiate and group spare parts to,subsequently,define the most appropriate stock management policy for each group.The methodology was developed based on a case study carried out in a multinational manufacturing company and is intended to be included in its computerized maintenance management system to support decision-making.
