摘要
Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell line.Ecotoxicity was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay.Moreover,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells A549.The Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 samples.Results obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were toxic.All samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was recorded.PM10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower doses.Cytotox-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified pellets.Mutagenic activity was not detected in both S.typhi murium strains.This study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM emissions.Alternative raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.
基金
We are also grateful for the support to CESAM(UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020)
to FCT/MCTES through national funds,and co-funding by FEDER,within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020
This study was financially supported by the project“Chemical and toxicological SOurce PROfiling of particulate matter in urban air(SOPRO)”,POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029574,funded by FEDER,through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao(POCI)
by national funds(OE),through FCT/MCTES and Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020(Project N.007317).FCT is also acknowledged for the research contract under Scientific Employment Stimulus to H.Oliveira(CEECIND/04050/2017)
The Vibrio fischeri bioluminescent inhibition tests were supported by the BIONANO_GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00017 project.
