Gut microbiota and host interactions co-evolve and develop into stably adapted microbial communities and play vital roles in maintaining the health of organisms.Diet is supposed to be an important driver of difference...Gut microbiota and host interactions co-evolve and develop into stably adapted microbial communities and play vital roles in maintaining the health of organisms.Diet is supposed to be an important driver of differences in gut microbiota,but previous studies would commonly use literature depictions,which are essential but inaccurate,to explain the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of wild birds.In this study,we collected intestinal samples from five sympatric flycatchers to compare the gut microbial differences using bacterial 16S rRNA genes from Illumina MiSeq platform.Over 1,642,482 quality-filtered sequences from 1816S rRNA libraries were obtained and distinct compositions and diversities of gut microbiota were found in five flycatchers.Their gut microbiota is mainly from the four bacterial phyla of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinomycetes,and Bacteroidetes,but at the genus level showed a significant difference.Functional predictions revealed that the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota of five flycatchers is greatly distinguished at KEGG level 3.And multiple food fragments showed a significant correlation with gut microbiota.Besides,the significant differences in the specific composition of the diets of the five insectivorous flycatchers indicated the differentiation of dietary niches.The study of the gut microbiota and feeding habits of sympatric flycatchers would increase the understanding of the gut microbial diversity of wild birds,and also improve our cognition of the co-evolution and co-adaptation within the host gut microbiota relations.展开更多
Many bird species in montane regions exhibit altitudinal migration behavior;however,altitudinal migration of birds is still understudied,especially in Asia.Mt.Gongga(7556 m) is the highest peak of the Hengduan Mountai...Many bird species in montane regions exhibit altitudinal migration behavior;however,altitudinal migration of birds is still understudied,especially in Asia.Mt.Gongga(7556 m) is the highest peak of the Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China.The steep elevation gradient and the high bird diversity make the eastern slope of Mt.Gongga(Hailuo Valley) an ideal place for studying the altitudinal migration behavior patterns of birds.We synchronously recorded the local bird diversity,temperature and humidity at two sites(1800 and 3000 m a.s.l.) during three migration seasons from September 2020 to June 2021 to identify birds exhibiting altitudinal migration behavior.During our surveys,we recorded 146 bird species in total and 20 passerine bird species were altitudinal migrants according to our altitudinal migration formula.Among those 20 altitudinal migrant species,eight bird species displayed a typical altitudinal migration pattern(upward migration during the breeding season and downward migration during the non-breeding season).Moreover,temperature was correlated with the daily number of individuals(DNI) at each study site.Therefore,increasing temperatures possibly caused upward migration of birds(DNI decreased at 1800 m and increased at 3000 m) and vice versa.To further elaborate,the Rufousgorgeted Flycatcher(Ficedula strophiata),the species with the most prominent altitudinal migration behavior,initiated upward migration at a temperature of 11-12℃ at 1800 m and initiated downward migration at a temperature of 12-13℃ at 3000 m.Besides,humidity was positively correlated with the DNI.Therefore,increasing humidity(equals to increasing rainfall or snow) possibly caused downward migration of birds(DNI increased) and vice versa.Furthermore,bird species exhibiting a typical altitudinal migration behavior pattern are feeding on insects.Thus,the spatial and temporal changes of the invertebrate biomass might be an important ecological driver for the altitudinal migration of invertivorous(birds eating invertebrates) birds.This study provides fundamental data for the altitudinal migration of birds in the Hengduan Mountains and shows how altitudinal migration is seasonally dynamic across an elevational gradient in a subtropical mountain region.展开更多
Many bird species in montane regions display altitudinal migration,but so far,the underlying ecological driving mechanisms are not clear.We studied the altitudinal migration behavior patterns and factors influencing a...Many bird species in montane regions display altitudinal migration,but so far,the underlying ecological driving mechanisms are not clear.We studied the altitudinal migration behavior patterns and factors influencing altitudinal migration in the Xiling Snow Mountains,which are part of the Hengduan mountain range in southwest China.We recorded the local bird diversity,the seasonal change of:the average temperature(AT),the average humidity(AH),the average invertebrate biomass(AIB),and the amount of plant food sources(PFS)at two study sites(∼1300 and∼2100 m a.s.l.)during two migration seasons from September 2022 to May 2023.During our surveys,we recorded 96 bird species in total.Among these,15 altitudinal migrants were identified.The most common family among altitudinal migrants was Leiothrichidae.AT,AIB,and PFS had a significant positive correlation with the monthly number of individuals(MNI)several bird species,implying that increasing temperatures and an increasing abundance of invertebrates and PFS possibly induced upward migration of altitudinal migrants and vice versa.AH possibly only played a minor role in influencing altitudinal migration,since it exhibited no significant correlation with the MNI.Furthermore,we found that the upward migration temperature range of altitudinal migrants ranged between 9.8°C and 13.9°C during spring and the downward migration temperature range ranged between 12.2°C and 7.9°C during autumn.In conclusion,our study and several other studies revealed that the same environmental factors influenced the altitudinal migration patterns of birds in the Hengduan Mountains.展开更多
基金financially supported by The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772478,31501851)。
文摘Gut microbiota and host interactions co-evolve and develop into stably adapted microbial communities and play vital roles in maintaining the health of organisms.Diet is supposed to be an important driver of differences in gut microbiota,but previous studies would commonly use literature depictions,which are essential but inaccurate,to explain the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of wild birds.In this study,we collected intestinal samples from five sympatric flycatchers to compare the gut microbial differences using bacterial 16S rRNA genes from Illumina MiSeq platform.Over 1,642,482 quality-filtered sequences from 1816S rRNA libraries were obtained and distinct compositions and diversities of gut microbiota were found in five flycatchers.Their gut microbiota is mainly from the four bacterial phyla of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinomycetes,and Bacteroidetes,but at the genus level showed a significant difference.Functional predictions revealed that the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota of five flycatchers is greatly distinguished at KEGG level 3.And multiple food fragments showed a significant correlation with gut microbiota.Besides,the significant differences in the specific composition of the diets of the five insectivorous flycatchers indicated the differentiation of dietary niches.The study of the gut microbiota and feeding habits of sympatric flycatchers would increase the understanding of the gut microbial diversity of wild birds,and also improve our cognition of the co-evolution and co-adaptation within the host gut microbiota relations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270454)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0501).
文摘Many bird species in montane regions exhibit altitudinal migration behavior;however,altitudinal migration of birds is still understudied,especially in Asia.Mt.Gongga(7556 m) is the highest peak of the Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China.The steep elevation gradient and the high bird diversity make the eastern slope of Mt.Gongga(Hailuo Valley) an ideal place for studying the altitudinal migration behavior patterns of birds.We synchronously recorded the local bird diversity,temperature and humidity at two sites(1800 and 3000 m a.s.l.) during three migration seasons from September 2020 to June 2021 to identify birds exhibiting altitudinal migration behavior.During our surveys,we recorded 146 bird species in total and 20 passerine bird species were altitudinal migrants according to our altitudinal migration formula.Among those 20 altitudinal migrant species,eight bird species displayed a typical altitudinal migration pattern(upward migration during the breeding season and downward migration during the non-breeding season).Moreover,temperature was correlated with the daily number of individuals(DNI) at each study site.Therefore,increasing temperatures possibly caused upward migration of birds(DNI decreased at 1800 m and increased at 3000 m) and vice versa.To further elaborate,the Rufousgorgeted Flycatcher(Ficedula strophiata),the species with the most prominent altitudinal migration behavior,initiated upward migration at a temperature of 11-12℃ at 1800 m and initiated downward migration at a temperature of 12-13℃ at 3000 m.Besides,humidity was positively correlated with the DNI.Therefore,increasing humidity(equals to increasing rainfall or snow) possibly caused downward migration of birds(DNI increased) and vice versa.Furthermore,bird species exhibiting a typical altitudinal migration behavior pattern are feeding on insects.Thus,the spatial and temporal changes of the invertebrate biomass might be an important ecological driver for the altitudinal migration of invertivorous(birds eating invertebrates) birds.This study provides fundamental data for the altitudinal migration of birds in the Hengduan Mountains and shows how altitudinal migration is seasonally dynamic across an elevational gradient in a subtropical mountain region.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270454)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0501)+3 种基金the Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet(ZL202203601)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesThe funding sources had no influence on the studyAll animal research procedures strictly complied with the P.R.China Legislation on the Use and Care of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Animal Care Review Committee,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,China(Nos.SCU2203019 and SCU230303013).
文摘Many bird species in montane regions display altitudinal migration,but so far,the underlying ecological driving mechanisms are not clear.We studied the altitudinal migration behavior patterns and factors influencing altitudinal migration in the Xiling Snow Mountains,which are part of the Hengduan mountain range in southwest China.We recorded the local bird diversity,the seasonal change of:the average temperature(AT),the average humidity(AH),the average invertebrate biomass(AIB),and the amount of plant food sources(PFS)at two study sites(∼1300 and∼2100 m a.s.l.)during two migration seasons from September 2022 to May 2023.During our surveys,we recorded 96 bird species in total.Among these,15 altitudinal migrants were identified.The most common family among altitudinal migrants was Leiothrichidae.AT,AIB,and PFS had a significant positive correlation with the monthly number of individuals(MNI)several bird species,implying that increasing temperatures and an increasing abundance of invertebrates and PFS possibly induced upward migration of altitudinal migrants and vice versa.AH possibly only played a minor role in influencing altitudinal migration,since it exhibited no significant correlation with the MNI.Furthermore,we found that the upward migration temperature range of altitudinal migrants ranged between 9.8°C and 13.9°C during spring and the downward migration temperature range ranged between 12.2°C and 7.9°C during autumn.In conclusion,our study and several other studies revealed that the same environmental factors influenced the altitudinal migration patterns of birds in the Hengduan Mountains.
