Paralytic shellfi sh poisoning(PSP)microalgae,as one of the harmful algal blooms,causes great damage to the of fshore fi shery,marine culture,and marine ecological environment.At present,there is no technique for real...Paralytic shellfi sh poisoning(PSP)microalgae,as one of the harmful algal blooms,causes great damage to the of fshore fi shery,marine culture,and marine ecological environment.At present,there is no technique for real-time accurate identifi cation of toxic microalgae,by combining three-dimensional fluorescence with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),we developed methods to classify the PSP and non-PSP microalgae.The average classifi cation accuracies of these two methods for microalgae are above 90%,and the accuracies for discriminating 12 microalgae species in PSP and non-PSP microalgae are above 94%.When the emission wavelength is 650-690 nm,the fl uorescence characteristics bands(excitation wavelength)occur dif ferently at 410-480 nm and 500-560 nm for PSP and non-PSP microalgae,respectively.The identification accuracies of ML models(support vector machine(SVM),and k-nearest neighbor rule(k-NN)),and DL model(convolutional neural network(CNN))to PSP microalgae are 96.25%,96.36%,and 95.88%respectively,indicating that ML and DL are suitable for the classifi cation of toxic microalgae.展开更多
Pigs are globally farmed animals which provide protein for human consumption in the form of skeletal muscle. To better understand the function of long intergenic noncoding RNAs(linc RNAs) in porcine skeletal muscle gr...Pigs are globally farmed animals which provide protein for human consumption in the form of skeletal muscle. To better understand the function of long intergenic noncoding RNAs(linc RNAs) in porcine skeletal muscle growth and development, we collected RNA-seq data from porcine longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM) during embryonic development. We identified a total of 739 linc RNA transcripts, which were distributed on all chromosomes except the chromosome Y, and analyzed their molecular characteristics. Compared to protein-coding genes, linc RNAs showed shorter transcripts, longer exons, fewer exons and higher tissue specificity. In addition, the abundance of linc RNAs in five embryonic development stages were analyzed and 45 differentially expressed linc RNAs were screened, three of which were highly expressed in LDM during porcine embryonic development. Finally, we predicted the potential target genes and functions of the linc RNAs, and identified 1 537 cis-target genes and 8 571 trans-target genes. Furthermore, we identified two key candidate linc RNAs involved in muscle development, XLOC_024652 and XLOC_001832, for post-trial validation. Our results provide a genome-wide resource of linc RNAs which are potentially involved in porcine embryonic skeletal muscle development and lay a foundation for the further study of their functions.展开更多
Drought is one of the most complicated natural hazards and is among those that pose the greatest socioeconomic risks. How long-term climate change on a large scale affects different types of drought has not been well ...Drought is one of the most complicated natural hazards and is among those that pose the greatest socioeconomic risks. How long-term climate change on a large scale affects different types of drought has not been well understood. This study aimed to enhance comprehension of this critical issue by integrating the run theory for drought identification, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, and partial correlation attribution methods to analyze global drought dynamics in 1901–2018. Methodological innovations include:(1) a standardized drought severity metric enabling cross-typology comparisons;and (2) quantitative separation of precipitation and temperature impacts. Key findings reveal that socioeconomic drought severity exceeded meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts by 350.48%, 47.80%, and 14.40%, respectively. Temporal analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) trends demonstrated intensification gradients:SPEI24 (-0.09slope/100 yr)> SPEI01 (-0.088/100 yr)> SPEI06 (-0.087/100 yr)> SPEI12 (-0.086/100 yr). Climate drivers exhibited distinct patterns, with precipitation showing stronger partial correlations across all drought types (meteorological:0.78;agricultural:0.76;hydrological:0.60;socioeconomic:0.39) compared to temperature (meteorological:-0.45;agricultural:-0.38;hydrological:-0.27;socioeconomic:-0.18). These results quantitatively establish a hierarchical climate response gradient among drought types. The framework advances drought typology theory through three original contributions:(1)systematic quantification of cross-typology drought severity disparities;(2) precipitation-temperature influence partitioning across drought types;and (3) identification of socioeconomic drought as the most climate-decoupled yet fastest-intensifying type. This study refined drought typological theories and provides a methodological foundation for climate-resilient drought management planning.展开更多
Background The first five years of life are sensitive periods for neurodevelopment.Poor maternal metrics of cardiovascular health may influence offspring neurodevelopment.Previous studies focused only on one or two me...Background The first five years of life are sensitive periods for neurodevelopment.Poor maternal metrics of cardiovascular health may influence offspring neurodevelopment.Previous studies focused only on one or two metrics,or different time window.This study is aimed to investigate the effects of combined cardiovascular health metric exposure during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment of offspring during crucial periods. Methods A total of 1007 mother-child pairs recruited from 2013 to 2016 from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included.Five maternal cardiovascular health metrics at 28 weeks of gestation were collected.Offspring neurodevelopment at 2-3 years and 4-5 years was evaluated with the Bayley-Ⅲ and Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence,fourth edition(WPPSI-Ⅳ),respectively. Results After adjusting for confounders,the scores for cognition and language at 2-3 years significantly increased by 1.63[95%confidence interval(CI)0.42-2.83,P=0.008]and 0.84(95%CI 0.005-1.67,P=0.049)per one-point higher mater-nal cardiovascular health score,respectively.After false discovery rate adjustment,the associations were preserved in the cognitive domain.Similarly,each one-point higher maternal cardiovascular health score was associated with an increase of 0.92(95%CI 0.16-1.68,P=0.018)and 0.71(95%CI 0.01-1.40,P=0.047)in the visual space index and working memory index scores at 4-5 years,respectively,but with an false discovery rate-adjusted P>0.05;in the sex-stratified analysis,the visual space index scores significantly increased(β=1.47,95%CI 0.38-2.56,P=0.009),regardless of false discovery rate correction.In addition,each one-point higher maternal cardiovascular health score reduced the relative risk of suboptimal development in the visual space index domain by 0.83(95%CI 0.70-0.99;P=0.041)in female offspring despite the non-significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence that maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurodevelopment within the first five years of life and that female offspring appear to derive greater benefit from higher maternal cardiovascular health scores.The potential role of maternal cardiovascular health in identifying risk of neurodevelopmental delay in clinical practice needs to be further explored.展开更多
Based on consumers'preferences.Al(artificial intelligence)recommendation automati-cally filters information,which provokes scholars'debate.Supporters believe that by analyzing the consumers'preferences,Al ...Based on consumers'preferences.Al(artificial intelligence)recommendation automati-cally filters information,which provokes scholars'debate.Supporters believe that by analyzing the consumers'preferences,Al recommendation enables consumers to choose products more quickly and at a lower cost.Critics deem that consumers are more easily trapped in information cocoons because of the use of Al recommendations.This reduces the possibility of consumers contacting a variety of commodities,thus lowering the con-sumer decision quality.Based on experiments.this paper discusses the moderating role of Al recommendation on the relationship between consumers'preferences and information cocoons.Moreover,it examines the relationship between information cocoons and con-sumer decision quality.The fndings are:Al recommendation strengthens consumers'preferences;consumers'preferences are positively correlated with information cocoons and further lead to the decline of consumers'decision quality.In the Al era.this paper contributes to revealing the dark sides of AI recommendation and provides empirical evidence for the regulation of Al behaviors.展开更多
The retromer complex,composed of the cargo-selective complex(CSC)Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 in complex with the sorting nexin dimer Vps5-Vps17,mediates the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from the endosomes ...The retromer complex,composed of the cargo-selective complex(CSC)Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 in complex with the sorting nexin dimer Vps5-Vps17,mediates the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from the endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in eukaryotic cells.Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and regulate many trafficking events including vesicle formation,budding,transport,tethering,docking and fusion with target membranes.Herein,we investigated the potential functional relationship between the retromer complex and the 11 Rab proteins that exist in Fusarium graminearum using genetic and high-resolution laser confocal microscopic approaches.We found that only FgRab5(FgRab5A and FgRab5B)and FgRab7 associate with the retromer complex.Both FgVps35-GFP and FgVps17-GFP are mis-localized and appear diffused in the cytoplasm ofΔFgrab5A,ΔFgrab5B andΔFgrab7 mutants as compared to their punctate localization within the endosomes of the wild-type.FgRab7 and FgRab5B were found to co-localize with the retromer on endosomal membranes.Most strikingly,we found that these three Rab GTPases are indispensable for endosome biogenesis as both early and late endosomes could not be detected in the cells of the mutants after FM4-64 staining of the cells,while they were very clearly seen in the wild-type PH-1.Furthermore,FgRab7 was found to recruit FgVps35 but not FgVps17 to the endosomal membranes,whereas FgRab5B recruits both FgVps35 and FgVps17 to the membranes.Thus,we conclude that the Rab proteins FgRab5A,FgRab5B and FgRab7 play critical roles in the biogenesis of endosomes and in regulating retromer-mediated trafficking in F.graminearum.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972244)partially supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2018FY100201)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2019YFC1407900)to Siyu GOUShuai ZHANGWenyu GANand Tianjiu JIANG。
文摘Paralytic shellfi sh poisoning(PSP)microalgae,as one of the harmful algal blooms,causes great damage to the of fshore fi shery,marine culture,and marine ecological environment.At present,there is no technique for real-time accurate identifi cation of toxic microalgae,by combining three-dimensional fluorescence with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),we developed methods to classify the PSP and non-PSP microalgae.The average classifi cation accuracies of these two methods for microalgae are above 90%,and the accuracies for discriminating 12 microalgae species in PSP and non-PSP microalgae are above 94%.When the emission wavelength is 650-690 nm,the fl uorescence characteristics bands(excitation wavelength)occur dif ferently at 410-480 nm and 500-560 nm for PSP and non-PSP microalgae,respectively.The identification accuracies of ML models(support vector machine(SVM),and k-nearest neighbor rule(k-NN)),and DL model(convolutional neural network(CNN))to PSP microalgae are 96.25%,96.36%,and 95.88%respectively,indicating that ML and DL are suitable for the classifi cation of toxic microalgae.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601167, 31972537 and U1204326)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, China (182300410027)+1 种基金the Central Plains Technological Innovation Leading Talents Project of Henan Province, China (194200510022)the Nanhu Scholars Program of Xinyang Normal University, China。
文摘Pigs are globally farmed animals which provide protein for human consumption in the form of skeletal muscle. To better understand the function of long intergenic noncoding RNAs(linc RNAs) in porcine skeletal muscle growth and development, we collected RNA-seq data from porcine longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM) during embryonic development. We identified a total of 739 linc RNA transcripts, which were distributed on all chromosomes except the chromosome Y, and analyzed their molecular characteristics. Compared to protein-coding genes, linc RNAs showed shorter transcripts, longer exons, fewer exons and higher tissue specificity. In addition, the abundance of linc RNAs in five embryonic development stages were analyzed and 45 differentially expressed linc RNAs were screened, three of which were highly expressed in LDM during porcine embryonic development. Finally, we predicted the potential target genes and functions of the linc RNAs, and identified 1 537 cis-target genes and 8 571 trans-target genes. Furthermore, we identified two key candidate linc RNAs involved in muscle development, XLOC_024652 and XLOC_001832, for post-trial validation. Our results provide a genome-wide resource of linc RNAs which are potentially involved in porcine embryonic skeletal muscle development and lay a foundation for the further study of their functions.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3006604)the MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control (2024-A3-2)
文摘Drought is one of the most complicated natural hazards and is among those that pose the greatest socioeconomic risks. How long-term climate change on a large scale affects different types of drought has not been well understood. This study aimed to enhance comprehension of this critical issue by integrating the run theory for drought identification, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, and partial correlation attribution methods to analyze global drought dynamics in 1901–2018. Methodological innovations include:(1) a standardized drought severity metric enabling cross-typology comparisons;and (2) quantitative separation of precipitation and temperature impacts. Key findings reveal that socioeconomic drought severity exceeded meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts by 350.48%, 47.80%, and 14.40%, respectively. Temporal analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) trends demonstrated intensification gradients:SPEI24 (-0.09slope/100 yr)> SPEI01 (-0.088/100 yr)> SPEI06 (-0.087/100 yr)> SPEI12 (-0.086/100 yr). Climate drivers exhibited distinct patterns, with precipitation showing stronger partial correlations across all drought types (meteorological:0.78;agricultural:0.76;hydrological:0.60;socioeconomic:0.39) compared to temperature (meteorological:-0.45;agricultural:-0.38;hydrological:-0.27;socioeconomic:-0.18). These results quantitatively establish a hierarchical climate response gradient among drought types. The framework advances drought typology theory through three original contributions:(1)systematic quantification of cross-typology drought severity disparities;(2) precipitation-temperature influence partitioning across drought types;and (3) identification of socioeconomic drought as the most climate-decoupled yet fastest-intensifying type. This study refined drought typological theories and provides a methodological foundation for climate-resilient drought management planning.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2705200)the High-level Medical Introduction Teams in Fujian Province(No.RT2022-022)+5 种基金the Clinical Research Center of ADHD affiliated with Pediatrics College,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.ELYZX202207)the Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disease of Fujian Province(No.2022Y2016)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medical Grant Support(No.20152234)funded by the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development(No.24dz2260100)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.2020CXJQ01)Early Life Plan Program of Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
文摘Background The first five years of life are sensitive periods for neurodevelopment.Poor maternal metrics of cardiovascular health may influence offspring neurodevelopment.Previous studies focused only on one or two metrics,or different time window.This study is aimed to investigate the effects of combined cardiovascular health metric exposure during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment of offspring during crucial periods. Methods A total of 1007 mother-child pairs recruited from 2013 to 2016 from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included.Five maternal cardiovascular health metrics at 28 weeks of gestation were collected.Offspring neurodevelopment at 2-3 years and 4-5 years was evaluated with the Bayley-Ⅲ and Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence,fourth edition(WPPSI-Ⅳ),respectively. Results After adjusting for confounders,the scores for cognition and language at 2-3 years significantly increased by 1.63[95%confidence interval(CI)0.42-2.83,P=0.008]and 0.84(95%CI 0.005-1.67,P=0.049)per one-point higher mater-nal cardiovascular health score,respectively.After false discovery rate adjustment,the associations were preserved in the cognitive domain.Similarly,each one-point higher maternal cardiovascular health score was associated with an increase of 0.92(95%CI 0.16-1.68,P=0.018)and 0.71(95%CI 0.01-1.40,P=0.047)in the visual space index and working memory index scores at 4-5 years,respectively,but with an false discovery rate-adjusted P>0.05;in the sex-stratified analysis,the visual space index scores significantly increased(β=1.47,95%CI 0.38-2.56,P=0.009),regardless of false discovery rate correction.In addition,each one-point higher maternal cardiovascular health score reduced the relative risk of suboptimal development in the visual space index domain by 0.83(95%CI 0.70-0.99;P=0.041)in female offspring despite the non-significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence that maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurodevelopment within the first five years of life and that female offspring appear to derive greater benefit from higher maternal cardiovascular health scores.The potential role of maternal cardiovascular health in identifying risk of neurodevelopmental delay in clinical practice needs to be further explored.
基金supported by the NSFC(72002088)jiangxi Natural Science Fund(20192BAB207010)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project Founded by the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJ]190292)Graduate Innovative Special Fund Projects of jiangxi Province(YC2019 B090,YC2020-B138)Teaching Reform Research Project of Jiangxi Province Degree and Post-graduate Education (JXYJG-2020-085).
文摘Based on consumers'preferences.Al(artificial intelligence)recommendation automati-cally filters information,which provokes scholars'debate.Supporters believe that by analyzing the consumers'preferences,Al recommendation enables consumers to choose products more quickly and at a lower cost.Critics deem that consumers are more easily trapped in information cocoons because of the use of Al recommendations.This reduces the possibility of consumers contacting a variety of commodities,thus lowering the con-sumer decision quality.Based on experiments.this paper discusses the moderating role of Al recommendation on the relationship between consumers'preferences and information cocoons.Moreover,it examines the relationship between information cocoons and con-sumer decision quality.The fndings are:Al recommendation strengthens consumers'preferences;consumers'preferences are positively correlated with information cocoons and further lead to the decline of consumers'decision quality.In the Al era.this paper contributes to revealing the dark sides of AI recommendation and provides empirical evidence for the regulation of Al behaviors.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772106)and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J06015).The funders had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The retromer complex,composed of the cargo-selective complex(CSC)Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 in complex with the sorting nexin dimer Vps5-Vps17,mediates the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from the endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in eukaryotic cells.Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and regulate many trafficking events including vesicle formation,budding,transport,tethering,docking and fusion with target membranes.Herein,we investigated the potential functional relationship between the retromer complex and the 11 Rab proteins that exist in Fusarium graminearum using genetic and high-resolution laser confocal microscopic approaches.We found that only FgRab5(FgRab5A and FgRab5B)and FgRab7 associate with the retromer complex.Both FgVps35-GFP and FgVps17-GFP are mis-localized and appear diffused in the cytoplasm ofΔFgrab5A,ΔFgrab5B andΔFgrab7 mutants as compared to their punctate localization within the endosomes of the wild-type.FgRab7 and FgRab5B were found to co-localize with the retromer on endosomal membranes.Most strikingly,we found that these three Rab GTPases are indispensable for endosome biogenesis as both early and late endosomes could not be detected in the cells of the mutants after FM4-64 staining of the cells,while they were very clearly seen in the wild-type PH-1.Furthermore,FgRab7 was found to recruit FgVps35 but not FgVps17 to the endosomal membranes,whereas FgRab5B recruits both FgVps35 and FgVps17 to the membranes.Thus,we conclude that the Rab proteins FgRab5A,FgRab5B and FgRab7 play critical roles in the biogenesis of endosomes and in regulating retromer-mediated trafficking in F.graminearum.
