Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the world.In recent decades,glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change,and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and...Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the world.In recent decades,glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change,and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and associated impacts on water resources have received widespread attention.Glacier variations result from climate change,so they can serve as an indicator of climate change.Considering the climatic differences in different elevation ranges,it is worthwhile to explore whether different responses exist between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone.In this study,we selected a typical arid inland river basin(Sugan Lake Basin)in the western Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to analyze the glacier variations and their response to climate change.The glacier area data from 1989 to 2016 were delineated using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced TM+(ETM+)and Operational Land Imager(OLI)images.We compared the relationships between glacier area and air temperature at seven meteorological stations in the glacier-covered areas and in the Sugan Lake Basin,and further analyzed the relationship between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in the elevation range of 4700–5500 m a.s.l.by the linear regression method and correlation analysis.In addition,based on the linear regression relationship established between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone,we predicted glacier areas under future climate scenarios during the periods of 2046–2065 and 2081–2100.The results indicate that the glaciers experienced a remarkable shrinkage from 1989 to 2016 with a shrinkage rate of–1.61 km^2/a(–0.5%/a),and the rising temperature is the decisive factor dominating glacial retreat;there is a significant negative linear correlation between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in each elevation zone from 1989 to 2016.The variations in glaciers are far less sensitive to changes in precipitation than to changes in air temperature.Due to the influence of climate and topographic conditions,the distribution of glacier area and the rate of glacier ablation first increased and then decreased in different elevation zones.The trend in glacier shrinkage will continue because air temperature will continue to increase in the future,and the result of glacier retreat in each elevation zone will be slightly slower than that in the entire study area.Quantitative glacier research can more accurately reflect the response of glacier variations to climate change,and the regression relationship can be used to predict the areas of glaciers under future climate scenarios.These conclusions can offer effective references for assessing glacier variations and their response to climate change in arid inland river basins in Northwest China as well as other similar regions in the world.展开更多
目的探讨加味葛根芩连汤治疗复发性口腔溃疡(Recurrent oral ulceration,ROU)疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取ROU患者112例,按1∶1简单随机法分为观察组与对照组,各56例。对照组予以康复新液,观察组予以加味葛根芩连汤,均持续治疗8周...目的探讨加味葛根芩连汤治疗复发性口腔溃疡(Recurrent oral ulceration,ROU)疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取ROU患者112例,按1∶1简单随机法分为观察组与对照组,各56例。对照组予以康复新液,观察组予以加味葛根芩连汤,均持续治疗8周。记录两组疗效、口腔溃疡数量,评估两组溃疡疼痛[视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)]、中医证候积分、外周血炎性细胞因子[白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-17、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)]水平、细胞免疫功能(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))水平、生存质量[世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(World health organization quality of life scale,WHOQOL-100)]及不良反应。于治疗后随访8周评估复发率。结果相较于对照组,观察组总有效率更高(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组中医证候积分和溃疡数量低(少)于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗4、8周后的血清IL-1β、IL-17、IL-10和TNF-α水平均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,其中治疗8周后观察组血清指标最低(P<0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗4、8周后的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均升高,CD8^(+)水平均降低,且观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平低于对照组,其中治疗8周后观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平最高,CD8^(+)水平最低(P<0.05)。随治疗时间的变化,两组VAS评分逐渐下降,WHOQOL-100评分逐渐升高,且治疗2、4、6、8周后观察组VAS评分低于对照组,WHOQOL-100评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组复发率较对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论加味葛根芩连汤治疗ROU不仅利于提升患者临床疗效,减轻炎症反应和疼痛程度,还可提高免疫功能和生存质量,降低复发率,且安全性也较高。展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0402405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91647109,51179203,51579248,51679257,51779270).
文摘Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the world.In recent decades,glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change,and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and associated impacts on water resources have received widespread attention.Glacier variations result from climate change,so they can serve as an indicator of climate change.Considering the climatic differences in different elevation ranges,it is worthwhile to explore whether different responses exist between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone.In this study,we selected a typical arid inland river basin(Sugan Lake Basin)in the western Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to analyze the glacier variations and their response to climate change.The glacier area data from 1989 to 2016 were delineated using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced TM+(ETM+)and Operational Land Imager(OLI)images.We compared the relationships between glacier area and air temperature at seven meteorological stations in the glacier-covered areas and in the Sugan Lake Basin,and further analyzed the relationship between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in the elevation range of 4700–5500 m a.s.l.by the linear regression method and correlation analysis.In addition,based on the linear regression relationship established between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone,we predicted glacier areas under future climate scenarios during the periods of 2046–2065 and 2081–2100.The results indicate that the glaciers experienced a remarkable shrinkage from 1989 to 2016 with a shrinkage rate of–1.61 km^2/a(–0.5%/a),and the rising temperature is the decisive factor dominating glacial retreat;there is a significant negative linear correlation between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in each elevation zone from 1989 to 2016.The variations in glaciers are far less sensitive to changes in precipitation than to changes in air temperature.Due to the influence of climate and topographic conditions,the distribution of glacier area and the rate of glacier ablation first increased and then decreased in different elevation zones.The trend in glacier shrinkage will continue because air temperature will continue to increase in the future,and the result of glacier retreat in each elevation zone will be slightly slower than that in the entire study area.Quantitative glacier research can more accurately reflect the response of glacier variations to climate change,and the regression relationship can be used to predict the areas of glaciers under future climate scenarios.These conclusions can offer effective references for assessing glacier variations and their response to climate change in arid inland river basins in Northwest China as well as other similar regions in the world.
文摘目的探讨加味葛根芩连汤治疗复发性口腔溃疡(Recurrent oral ulceration,ROU)疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取ROU患者112例,按1∶1简单随机法分为观察组与对照组,各56例。对照组予以康复新液,观察组予以加味葛根芩连汤,均持续治疗8周。记录两组疗效、口腔溃疡数量,评估两组溃疡疼痛[视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)]、中医证候积分、外周血炎性细胞因子[白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-17、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)]水平、细胞免疫功能(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+))水平、生存质量[世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(World health organization quality of life scale,WHOQOL-100)]及不良反应。于治疗后随访8周评估复发率。结果相较于对照组,观察组总有效率更高(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组中医证候积分和溃疡数量低(少)于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗4、8周后的血清IL-1β、IL-17、IL-10和TNF-α水平均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,其中治疗8周后观察组血清指标最低(P<0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗4、8周后的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均升高,CD8^(+)水平均降低,且观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平低于对照组,其中治疗8周后观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平最高,CD8^(+)水平最低(P<0.05)。随治疗时间的变化,两组VAS评分逐渐下降,WHOQOL-100评分逐渐升高,且治疗2、4、6、8周后观察组VAS评分低于对照组,WHOQOL-100评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组复发率较对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论加味葛根芩连汤治疗ROU不仅利于提升患者临床疗效,减轻炎症反应和疼痛程度,还可提高免疫功能和生存质量,降低复发率,且安全性也较高。
