Photodetectors with weak-light detection capabilities play an indispensable role in various crucial fields such as health monitors,imaging,optical communication,and etc.Nevertheless,the detection of weak light signals...Photodetectors with weak-light detection capabilities play an indispensable role in various crucial fields such as health monitors,imaging,optical communication,and etc.Nevertheless,the detection of weak light signals is often severely interfered by multiple factors such as background light,dark noise and circuit noise,making it difficult to accurately capture signals.While traditional technologies like silicon photomultiplier tubes excel in sensitivity,their high cost and inherent fragility restrict their widespread application.Against this background,perovskite materials have rapidly emerged as a research focus in the field of photodetection due to their simple preparation processes and exceptional optoelectronic properties.Not only are the preparation processes of perovskite materials straightforward and cost-effective,but more importantly,they can be flexibly integrated into flexible and stretchable substrates.This characteristic significantly compensates for the shortcomings of traditional rigid electronic devices in specific application scenarios,opening up entirely new possibilities for photodetection technology.Herein,recent advances in perovskite light detection technology are reviewed.Firstly,the chemical and physical properties of perovskite materials are discussed,highlighting their remarkable advantages in weak-light detection.Subsequently,the review systematically organizes various preparation techniques of perovskite materials and analyses their advantages in different application scenarios.Meanwhile,from the two core dimensions of performance improvement and light absorption enhancement,the key strategies of improving the performance of perovskite weak-light photodetectors are explored.Finally,the review concludes with a brief summary and a discussion on the potential challenges that may arise in the further development of perovskite devices.展开更多
Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the pro...Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple scenarios.It features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance output.Through wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist movements.Remarkably,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various tasks.The system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and letters.The proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific training.Its utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.展开更多
Thermoelectric technology that utilizes thermodynamic effects to convert thermal energy into electrical energy has greatly expanded wearable health monitoring,personalized detecting,and communicating applications.Enco...Thermoelectric technology that utilizes thermodynamic effects to convert thermal energy into electrical energy has greatly expanded wearable health monitoring,personalized detecting,and communicating applications.Encouragingly,thermoelectric technology assisted by artificial intelligence exerts great development potential in wearable electronic devices that rely on the self-sustainable operation of human body heat.Ionic thermoelectric(i-TE)devices that possess high Seebeck coefficients and a constant and stable electrical output are expected to achieve an effective conversation of thermal energy harvesting.Herein,we developed an i-TE paster for thermal chargeable energy storage,temperature-triggered material recognition,contact/non-contact temperature detection,and photo thermoelectric conversion applications.An all-solid-state organic ionic gel electrolyte(PVDF-HFP-PEO gel)with onion epidermal cells-like structure was sandwiched between two electrodes,which take full advantage of a synergy between the Soret effect and the polymer thermal expansion effect,thus achieving the enhanced ZT value up to 900%compared with the PEO-free electrolyte.The i-TE device delivers a Seebeck coefficient of 28 mV K^(−1),a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 1.3%in performance,and ultra-thin and skin-attachable properties in wearability,which demonstrate the great potential and application prospect of the i-TE paster in self-sustainable wearable electronics.展开更多
Thermally chargeable supercapacitors(TCSCs)have unique advantages in the collection,conversion,and storage of thermal energy,contributing to the development of new strategies for thermal energy utilization.2D MXene ma...Thermally chargeable supercapacitors(TCSCs)have unique advantages in the collection,conversion,and storage of thermal energy,contributing to the development of new strategies for thermal energy utilization.2D MXene materials are predicted to be highly promising new thermoelectric materials.Here,we report a self-assembled flexible Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXenebased TCSC device,using prepared Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene as the capacitor electrode and a NaClO_(4)/PEO gel as the electrolyte.We also explore the working mechanism of the TCSCs.The fabricated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based TCSCs exhibit an excellent Seebeck coefficient of 11.8 mV∙K^(−1) on average and maintain good cycling stability under various temperature differences.Demonstrations of multiple practical applications show that Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based TCSC devices are excellent candidates for self-powered integrated electronic devices.展开更多
Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that canreduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity.However,achieving visualizationrehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challe...Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that canreduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity.However,achieving visualizationrehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challenging.Herein,wepropose visual rehabilitation training system including iontronic meta-fabrics withskin-friendly and large matrix features,as well as high-resolution image modules fordistribution of human muscle tension.Attributed to the dynamic connection and dissociationof the meta-fabric,the fabric exhibits outstanding tactile sensing properties,such as wide tactile sensing range(0~300 kPa)and high-resolution tactile perception(50 Pa or 0.058%).Meanwhile,thanks to the differential capillary effect,the meta-fabric exhibits a“hitting three birds with one stone”property(dryness wearing experience,long working time and cooling sensing).Based on this,the fabrics can be integrated with garmentsand advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure(40×40,1600 sensing units)training devices.Significantly,the tunability of piezo-ionic dynamics of the meta-fabric and the programmability of high-resolution imaging modules allowthis visualization training strategy extendable to various common disease monitoring.Therefore,we believe that our study overcomes theconstraint of standard spasticity rehabilitation training devices in terms of visual display and paves the way for future smart healthcare.展开更多
Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-...Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-ray detectors typically employ active-matrix backplanes fabricated on rigid glass substrates, which integrate switching transistors and photodetectors^([4, 5]).展开更多
Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as promising energy storage owing to their high energy density compared to traditional SCs.How to realize the miniaturization,patterning,and flexibility of the Zn-ion S...Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as promising energy storage owing to their high energy density compared to traditional SCs.How to realize the miniaturization,patterning,and flexibility of the Zn-ion SCs without affecting the electrochemical performances has special meanings for expanding their applications in wearable integrated electronics.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) cathode with outstanding conductivity,unique lamellar structure and good mechanical flexibility has been demonstrated tremen-dous potential in the design of Zn-ion SCs,but achieving long cycling stability and high rate stability is still big challenges.Here,we proposed a facile laser writing approach to fabricate patterned Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based Zn-ion micro-supercapacitors(MSCs),followed by the in-situ anneal treatment of the assembled MSCs to improve the long-term stability,which exhibits 80%of the capacitance retention even after 50,000 charge/discharge cycles and superior rate stability.The influence of the cathode thickness on the electrochemical performance of the MSCs is also studied.When the thickness reaches 0.851μm the maximum areal capacitance of 72.02 mF cm^(−2)at scan rate of 10 mV s^(−1),which is 1.77 times higher than that with a thickness of 0.329μm(35.6 mF cm^(−2)).Moreover,the fab-ricated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) based Zn-ion MSCs have excellent flexibility,a digital timer can be driven by the single device even under bending state,a flexible LED displayer of“TiC”logo also can be easily lighted by the MSC arrays under twisting,crimping,and winding conditions,demonstrating the scalable fabrication and application of the fabricated MSCs in portable electronics.展开更多
Nanofibers/nanowires with one-dimension(1D)nanostructure or well-patterned microstructure have shown distinctly advantages in flexible and stretchable sensor fields,owing to their remarkable tolerance against mechanic...Nanofibers/nanowires with one-dimension(1D)nanostructure or well-patterned microstructure have shown distinctly advantages in flexible and stretchable sensor fields,owing to their remarkable tolerance against mechanical bending or stretching,outstanding electronic/optoelectronic properties,good transparency,and excellent geometry.Herein,latest summaries in the unique structure and properties of nanofiber/nanowire function materials and their applications for flexible and stretchable sensor are highlighted.Several types of high-performance nanofiber/nanowire-based flexible pressure and stretchable sensors are also reviewed.Finally,a conclusion and prospect for 1D nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors are also intensively discussed.This summary offers new insights for the development of flexible and stretchable sensor based 1D nanostructure in next-generation flexible electronics.展开更多
Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors(FSCs)are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density,good flexibility,and weavability.However,it is still a critical challenge to optimiz...Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors(FSCs)are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density,good flexibility,and weavability.However,it is still a critical challenge to optimize the structure of the designed FSC to improve energy density and realize the continuous fabrication of super-long FSCs.Herein,we propose a braided coaxial zinc-ion hybrid FSC with several meters of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene cathode as core electrodes,and shell zinc fiber anode was braided on the surface of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene fibers across the solid electrolytes.According to the simulated results using ANSYS Maxwell software,the braided structures revealed a higher capacitance compared to the spring-like structures.The resulting FSCs exhibited a high areal capacitance of 214 mF cm^(-2),the energy density of 42.8μWh cm^(-2)at 5 mV s^(-1),and excellent cycling stability with 83.58%capacity retention after 5000 cycles.The coaxial FSC was tied several kinds of knots,proving a shape-controllable fiber energy storage.Furthermore,the knitted FSC showed superior stability and weavability,which can be woven into watch belts or embedded into textiles to power smart watches and LED arrays for a few days.展开更多
Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and meta...Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to large proteins,can be found in sweat,which have similar types of physiological biomarkers observed in the blood[1].Recent advances in flexible electronics[4-7]have transformed conventional laboratory tests into personalized sweat molecu-lar analysis that facilitates real-time sensing of target biomark-ers[3].展开更多
Two-dimension(2D)van der Waals heterojunction holds essential promise in achieving high-performance flexible near-infrared(NIR)photodetector.Here,we report the successful fabrication of ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene base...Two-dimension(2D)van der Waals heterojunction holds essential promise in achieving high-performance flexible near-infrared(NIR)photodetector.Here,we report the successful fabrication of ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene based flexible NIR photodetector array via a facile photolithography technology.The single ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector exhibited a high light-to-dark current ratio of 4.98,fast response/recovery time(2.5/1.3 s)and excellent stability due to the tight connection between 2D ZnSb nanoplates and 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoflakes,and the formed 2D van der Waals heterojunction.Thin polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate enables the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector withstand bending such that stable photoelectrical properties with non-obvious change were maintained over 5000 bending cycles.Moreover,the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetectors were integrated into a 26×5 device array,realizing a NIR image sensing application.展开更多
Aligned SnS nanowires arrays were grown via a simple chemical vapor deposition method.As-synthesized SnS nanowires are single crystals grown along the[111]direction.The single SnS nanowire based device showed excellen...Aligned SnS nanowires arrays were grown via a simple chemical vapor deposition method.As-synthesized SnS nanowires are single crystals grown along the[111]direction.The single SnS nanowire based device showed excellent response to near infrared lights with good responsivity of 267.9 A/W,high external quantum efficiency of 3.12×10^4%and fast response time.Photodetectors were built on the aligned SnS nanowire arrays,exhibiting a light on/off ratio of 3.6,and the response and decay time of 4.5 and 0.7 s,respectively,to 1064 nm light illumination.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable interest thanks to their unique electronic/physical-chemical characteristics and their potential for use in a large variety of sensing applications.However,few-...Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable interest thanks to their unique electronic/physical-chemical characteristics and their potential for use in a large variety of sensing applications.However,few-layered nanosheets tend to agglomerate owing to van der Waals forces,which obstruct internal nanoscale transport channels,resulting in low electrochemical activity and restricting their use for sensing purposes.Here,a hybrid MXene/rGO aerogel with a three-dimensional(3D)interlocked network was fabricated via a freeze-drying method.The porous MXene/rGO aerogel has a lightweight and hierarchical porous architecture,which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking.Additionally,a flexible pressure sensor that uses the aerogel as the sensitive layer has a wide response range of approximately 0-40 kPa and a considerable response within this range,averaging approximately 61.49 kPa^(-1).The excellent sensing performance endows it with a broad range of applications,including human-computer interfaces and human health monitoring.展开更多
Wearable electronics face a significant challenge related to the limited permeability of electronic materials/devices.This issue results in sweat accumulation across the interface of the device and skin following a sp...Wearable electronics face a significant challenge related to the limited permeability of electronic materials/devices.This issue results in sweat accumulation across the interface of the device and skin following a specific period of use[1−3].Not only does it bring about discomfort for users regarding thermos-physiology,but it also has a detrimental effect on interface adhesion and signal quality,thus hindering exact sig-nal monitoring during prolonged periods[4−6].展开更多
Thermally chargeable supercapacitors can collect low-grade heat generated by the human body and convert it into electricity as a power supply unit for wearable electronics.However,the low Seebeck coefficient and heat-...Thermally chargeable supercapacitors can collect low-grade heat generated by the human body and convert it into electricity as a power supply unit for wearable electronics.However,the low Seebeck coefficient and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency hinder further application.In this paper,we designed a high-performance thermally chargeable supercapacitor device composed of ZnMn_(2)O_(4)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene composites(ZMO@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)electrode and UIO-66 metal–organic framework doped multichannel polyvinylidene fluoridehexafluoro-propylene ionogel electrolyte,which realized the thermoelectric conversion and electrical energy storage at the same time.This thermally chargeable supercapacitor device exhibited a high Seebeck coefficient of 55.4 mV K^(−1),thermal voltage of 243 mV,and outstanding heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of up to 6.48%at the temperature difference of 4.4 K.In addition,this device showed excellent charge–discharge cycling stability at high-temperature differences(3 K)and low-temperature differences(1 K),respectively.Connecting two thermally chargeable supercapacitor units in series,the generated output voltage of 500 mV further confirmed the stability of devices.When a single device was worn on the arm,a thermal voltage of 208.3 mV was obtained indicating the possibility of application in wearable electronics.展开更多
One-dimensional （l-D） nanostructures have been attracted much attention as a result of their exceptional properties, which are different from bulk materials. Among 1-D nanostructures, 1-D heterostructures with modul...One-dimensional （l-D） nanostructures have been attracted much attention as a result of their exceptional properties, which are different from bulk materials. Among 1-D nanostructures, 1-D heterostructures with modulated compositions and interfaces have recently become of particular interest with respect to potential applications in nanoscale building blocks of future optoelectronic devices and systems. Many kinds of methods have been developed for the synthesis of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures. This article reviews the most recent development, with an emphasize on our own recent efforts, on 1-D nanoscale heterostructures, especially those synthesized from the vapor deposition methods, in which all the reactive precursors are mixed together in the reaction chamber. Three types of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures, defined from their morphologies characteristics, are discussed in detail, which include 1-D co-axial core-shell heterostructures, 1-D segmented heterostructures and hierarchical heterostructures. This article begins with a brief survey of various methods that have been developed for synthesizing 1-D nanoscale heterostructures and then mainly focuses on the synthesis, structures and properties of the above three types of nanoscale heterostructures. Finally, this review concludes with personal views towards the topic of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures.展开更多
With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply ...With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply a large number of lenses to achieve corresponding functions, increasing the overall volume and weight of the system.展开更多
In the era of accelerated development in artificial intelligence as well as explosive growth of information and data throughput,underlying hardware devices that can integrate perception and memory while simultaneously...In the era of accelerated development in artificial intelligence as well as explosive growth of information and data throughput,underlying hardware devices that can integrate perception and memory while simultaneously offering the bene-fits of low power consumption and high transmission rates are particularly valuable.Neuromorphic devices inspired by the human brain are considered to be one of the most promising successors to the efficient in-sensory process.In this paper,a homojunction-based multi-functional optoelectronic synapse(MFOS)is proposed and testified.It enables a series of basic electri-cal synaptic plasticity,including paired-pulse facilitation/depression(PPF/PPD)and long-term promotion/depression(LTP/LTD).In addition,the synaptic behaviors induced by electrical signals could be instead achieved through optical signals,where its sen-sitivity to optical frequency allows the MFOS to simulate high-pass filtering applications in situ and the perception capability integrated into memory endows it with the information acquisition and processing functions as a visual system.Meanwhile,the MFOS exhibits its performances of associative learning and logic gates following the illumination with two different wave-lengths.As a result,the proposed MFOS offers a solution for the realization of intelligent visual system and bionic electronic eye,and will provide more diverse application scenarios for future neuromorphic computing.展开更多
Human body with curved and soft interfaces requests advanced flexible materials and structures for the interaction with organs and signal collection from targets in applications such as bioengineering and diagnostic d...Human body with curved and soft interfaces requests advanced flexible materials and structures for the interaction with organs and signal collection from targets in applications such as bioengineering and diagnostic devices.Among them,it is highly demanded to achieve creative design in flexible materials and structures with great stretchable capability for required applications.To this end,both inorganic and organic materials could be adopted and designed with assembly and self-assembly methods for flexible electronics and electrodes.Soft or flexible materials and structures inspired by nature can lead to highly conformal contacts between devices and the human body.These approaches hold great potential for applications in flexible electronics,medical imaging technology and portable disease diagnostics.Novel strategy on related sensors/actuator and energy storage/generation devices could overcome certain limitations on flexible materials engineering and thus advance the field as well.All these methods would deliver a profound impact to our future intelligent society.展开更多
文摘Photodetectors with weak-light detection capabilities play an indispensable role in various crucial fields such as health monitors,imaging,optical communication,and etc.Nevertheless,the detection of weak light signals is often severely interfered by multiple factors such as background light,dark noise and circuit noise,making it difficult to accurately capture signals.While traditional technologies like silicon photomultiplier tubes excel in sensitivity,their high cost and inherent fragility restrict their widespread application.Against this background,perovskite materials have rapidly emerged as a research focus in the field of photodetection due to their simple preparation processes and exceptional optoelectronic properties.Not only are the preparation processes of perovskite materials straightforward and cost-effective,but more importantly,they can be flexibly integrated into flexible and stretchable substrates.This characteristic significantly compensates for the shortcomings of traditional rigid electronic devices in specific application scenarios,opening up entirely new possibilities for photodetection technology.Herein,recent advances in perovskite light detection technology are reviewed.Firstly,the chemical and physical properties of perovskite materials are discussed,highlighting their remarkable advantages in weak-light detection.Subsequently,the review systematically organizes various preparation techniques of perovskite materials and analyses their advantages in different application scenarios.Meanwhile,from the two core dimensions of performance improvement and light absorption enhancement,the key strategies of improving the performance of perovskite weak-light photodetectors are explored.Finally,the review concludes with a brief summary and a discussion on the potential challenges that may arise in the further development of perovskite devices.
基金supported by the Research Grant Fund from Kwangwoon University in 2023,the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(62311540155)the Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn202312035)the open research foundation of State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems.
文摘Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple scenarios.It features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance output.Through wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist movements.Remarkably,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various tasks.The system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and letters.The proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific training.Its utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474019)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223006)BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(2024YCXY001).
文摘Thermoelectric technology that utilizes thermodynamic effects to convert thermal energy into electrical energy has greatly expanded wearable health monitoring,personalized detecting,and communicating applications.Encouragingly,thermoelectric technology assisted by artificial intelligence exerts great development potential in wearable electronic devices that rely on the self-sustainable operation of human body heat.Ionic thermoelectric(i-TE)devices that possess high Seebeck coefficients and a constant and stable electrical output are expected to achieve an effective conversation of thermal energy harvesting.Herein,we developed an i-TE paster for thermal chargeable energy storage,temperature-triggered material recognition,contact/non-contact temperature detection,and photo thermoelectric conversion applications.An all-solid-state organic ionic gel electrolyte(PVDF-HFP-PEO gel)with onion epidermal cells-like structure was sandwiched between two electrodes,which take full advantage of a synergy between the Soret effect and the polymer thermal expansion effect,thus achieving the enhanced ZT value up to 900%compared with the PEO-free electrolyte.The i-TE device delivers a Seebeck coefficient of 28 mV K^(−1),a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 1.3%in performance,and ultra-thin and skin-attachable properties in wearability,which demonstrate the great potential and application prospect of the i-TE paster in self-sustainable wearable electronics.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62474019)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223006).
文摘Thermally chargeable supercapacitors(TCSCs)have unique advantages in the collection,conversion,and storage of thermal energy,contributing to the development of new strategies for thermal energy utilization.2D MXene materials are predicted to be highly promising new thermoelectric materials.Here,we report a self-assembled flexible Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXenebased TCSC device,using prepared Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene as the capacitor electrode and a NaClO_(4)/PEO gel as the electrolyte.We also explore the working mechanism of the TCSCs.The fabricated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based TCSCs exhibit an excellent Seebeck coefficient of 11.8 mV∙K^(−1) on average and maintain good cycling stability under various temperature differences.Demonstrations of multiple practical applications show that Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based TCSC devices are excellent candidates for self-powered integrated electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3805800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473307,22208178,62301290)+9 种基金Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province in China(tsqn202211116)Shandong Provincial Universities Youth Innovation Technology Plan Team(2023KJ223)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2023YQ037,ZR2020QE074,ZR2023QE043,ZR2022QE174)Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0344,2023TSGC1006)Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(23-2-1-249-zyyd-jch,24-4-4-zrjj-56-jch)Anhui Province Postdoctoral Researcher Research Activity Funding Project(2023B706)Qingdao Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Projects(23-1-7-zdfn-2-hz)Qingdao Shinan District Science and Technology Plan Project(2022-3-005-DZ)Suqian Key Research and Development Plan(H202310)Jinan City-School Integration Development Strategy Project for the Year 2023 under Grant(JNSX2023088).
文摘Rehabilitation training is believed to be an effectual strategy that canreduce the risk of dysfunction caused by spasticity.However,achieving visualizationrehabilitation training for patients remains clinically challenging.Herein,wepropose visual rehabilitation training system including iontronic meta-fabrics withskin-friendly and large matrix features,as well as high-resolution image modules fordistribution of human muscle tension.Attributed to the dynamic connection and dissociationof the meta-fabric,the fabric exhibits outstanding tactile sensing properties,such as wide tactile sensing range(0~300 kPa)and high-resolution tactile perception(50 Pa or 0.058%).Meanwhile,thanks to the differential capillary effect,the meta-fabric exhibits a“hitting three birds with one stone”property(dryness wearing experience,long working time and cooling sensing).Based on this,the fabrics can be integrated with garmentsand advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure(40×40,1600 sensing units)training devices.Significantly,the tunability of piezo-ionic dynamics of the meta-fabric and the programmability of high-resolution imaging modules allowthis visualization training strategy extendable to various common disease monitoring.Therefore,we believe that our study overcomes theconstraint of standard spasticity rehabilitation training devices in terms of visual display and paves the way for future smart healthcare.
文摘Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-ray detectors typically employ active-matrix backplanes fabricated on rigid glass substrates, which integrate switching transistors and photodetectors^([4, 5]).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672308,51972025,61888102 and 62004187).
文摘Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as promising energy storage owing to their high energy density compared to traditional SCs.How to realize the miniaturization,patterning,and flexibility of the Zn-ion SCs without affecting the electrochemical performances has special meanings for expanding their applications in wearable integrated electronics.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) cathode with outstanding conductivity,unique lamellar structure and good mechanical flexibility has been demonstrated tremen-dous potential in the design of Zn-ion SCs,but achieving long cycling stability and high rate stability is still big challenges.Here,we proposed a facile laser writing approach to fabricate patterned Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based Zn-ion micro-supercapacitors(MSCs),followed by the in-situ anneal treatment of the assembled MSCs to improve the long-term stability,which exhibits 80%of the capacitance retention even after 50,000 charge/discharge cycles and superior rate stability.The influence of the cathode thickness on the electrochemical performance of the MSCs is also studied.When the thickness reaches 0.851μm the maximum areal capacitance of 72.02 mF cm^(−2)at scan rate of 10 mV s^(−1),which is 1.77 times higher than that with a thickness of 0.329μm(35.6 mF cm^(−2)).Moreover,the fab-ricated Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) based Zn-ion MSCs have excellent flexibility,a digital timer can be driven by the single device even under bending state,a flexible LED displayer of“TiC”logo also can be easily lighted by the MSC arrays under twisting,crimping,and winding conditions,demonstrating the scalable fabrication and application of the fabricated MSCs in portable electronics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.61625404)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(20190103135JH)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001).
文摘Nanofibers/nanowires with one-dimension(1D)nanostructure or well-patterned microstructure have shown distinctly advantages in flexible and stretchable sensor fields,owing to their remarkable tolerance against mechanical bending or stretching,outstanding electronic/optoelectronic properties,good transparency,and excellent geometry.Herein,latest summaries in the unique structure and properties of nanofiber/nanowire function materials and their applications for flexible and stretchable sensor are highlighted.Several types of high-performance nanofiber/nanowire-based flexible pressure and stretchable sensors are also reviewed.Finally,a conclusion and prospect for 1D nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors are also intensively discussed.This summary offers new insights for the development of flexible and stretchable sensor based 1D nanostructure in next-generation flexible electronics.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672308,51972025,61888102,62004187)Hebei Natural Science Foundation of Hebei(E2019208280).
文摘Zinc-ion hybrid fiber supercapacitors(FSCs)are promising energy storages for wearable electronics owing to their high energy density,good flexibility,and weavability.However,it is still a critical challenge to optimize the structure of the designed FSC to improve energy density and realize the continuous fabrication of super-long FSCs.Herein,we propose a braided coaxial zinc-ion hybrid FSC with several meters of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene cathode as core electrodes,and shell zinc fiber anode was braided on the surface of the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_x MXene fibers across the solid electrolytes.According to the simulated results using ANSYS Maxwell software,the braided structures revealed a higher capacitance compared to the spring-like structures.The resulting FSCs exhibited a high areal capacitance of 214 mF cm^(-2),the energy density of 42.8μWh cm^(-2)at 5 mV s^(-1),and excellent cycling stability with 83.58%capacity retention after 5000 cycles.The coaxial FSC was tied several kinds of knots,proving a shape-controllable fiber energy storage.Furthermore,the knitted FSC showed superior stability and weavability,which can be woven into watch belts or embedded into textiles to power smart watches and LED arrays for a few days.
文摘Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to large proteins,can be found in sweat,which have similar types of physiological biomarkers observed in the blood[1].Recent advances in flexible electronics[4-7]have transformed conventional laboratory tests into personalized sweat molecu-lar analysis that facilitates real-time sensing of target biomark-ers[3].
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672308,51972025,61888102,and 62004187).
文摘Two-dimension(2D)van der Waals heterojunction holds essential promise in achieving high-performance flexible near-infrared(NIR)photodetector.Here,we report the successful fabrication of ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene based flexible NIR photodetector array via a facile photolithography technology.The single ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector exhibited a high light-to-dark current ratio of 4.98,fast response/recovery time(2.5/1.3 s)and excellent stability due to the tight connection between 2D ZnSb nanoplates and 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoflakes,and the formed 2D van der Waals heterojunction.Thin polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate enables the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetector withstand bending such that stable photoelectrical properties with non-obvious change were maintained over 5000 bending cycles.Moreover,the ZnSb/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)photodetectors were integrated into a 26×5 device array,realizing a NIR image sensing application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61625404,61888102).
文摘Aligned SnS nanowires arrays were grown via a simple chemical vapor deposition method.As-synthesized SnS nanowires are single crystals grown along the[111]direction.The single SnS nanowire based device showed excellent response to near infrared lights with good responsivity of 267.9 A/W,high external quantum efficiency of 3.12×10^4%and fast response time.Photodetectors were built on the aligned SnS nanowire arrays,exhibiting a light on/off ratio of 3.6,and the response and decay time of 4.5 and 0.7 s,respectively,to 1064 nm light illumination.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.61625404,61888102,62174152)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No XDA16021100the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province(20210101168JC).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable interest thanks to their unique electronic/physical-chemical characteristics and their potential for use in a large variety of sensing applications.However,few-layered nanosheets tend to agglomerate owing to van der Waals forces,which obstruct internal nanoscale transport channels,resulting in low electrochemical activity and restricting their use for sensing purposes.Here,a hybrid MXene/rGO aerogel with a three-dimensional(3D)interlocked network was fabricated via a freeze-drying method.The porous MXene/rGO aerogel has a lightweight and hierarchical porous architecture,which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking.Additionally,a flexible pressure sensor that uses the aerogel as the sensitive layer has a wide response range of approximately 0-40 kPa and a considerable response within this range,averaging approximately 61.49 kPa^(-1).The excellent sensing performance endows it with a broad range of applications,including human-computer interfaces and human health monitoring.
文摘Wearable electronics face a significant challenge related to the limited permeability of electronic materials/devices.This issue results in sweat accumulation across the interface of the device and skin following a specific period of use[1−3].Not only does it bring about discomfort for users regarding thermos-physiology,but it also has a detrimental effect on interface adhesion and signal quality,thus hindering exact sig-nal monitoring during prolonged periods[4−6].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273256)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(L223006)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Found Program for Young Scholars.
文摘Thermally chargeable supercapacitors can collect low-grade heat generated by the human body and convert it into electricity as a power supply unit for wearable electronics.However,the low Seebeck coefficient and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency hinder further application.In this paper,we designed a high-performance thermally chargeable supercapacitor device composed of ZnMn_(2)O_(4)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene composites(ZMO@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)electrode and UIO-66 metal–organic framework doped multichannel polyvinylidene fluoridehexafluoro-propylene ionogel electrolyte,which realized the thermoelectric conversion and electrical energy storage at the same time.This thermally chargeable supercapacitor device exhibited a high Seebeck coefficient of 55.4 mV K^(−1),thermal voltage of 243 mV,and outstanding heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of up to 6.48%at the temperature difference of 4.4 K.In addition,this device showed excellent charge–discharge cycling stability at high-temperature differences(3 K)and low-temperature differences(1 K),respectively.Connecting two thermally chargeable supercapacitor units in series,the generated output voltage of 500 mV further confirmed the stability of devices.When a single device was worn on the arm,a thermal voltage of 208.3 mV was obtained indicating the possibility of application in wearable electronics.
文摘One-dimensional （l-D） nanostructures have been attracted much attention as a result of their exceptional properties, which are different from bulk materials. Among 1-D nanostructures, 1-D heterostructures with modulated compositions and interfaces have recently become of particular interest with respect to potential applications in nanoscale building blocks of future optoelectronic devices and systems. Many kinds of methods have been developed for the synthesis of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures. This article reviews the most recent development, with an emphasize on our own recent efforts, on 1-D nanoscale heterostructures, especially those synthesized from the vapor deposition methods, in which all the reactive precursors are mixed together in the reaction chamber. Three types of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures, defined from their morphologies characteristics, are discussed in detail, which include 1-D co-axial core-shell heterostructures, 1-D segmented heterostructures and hierarchical heterostructures. This article begins with a brief survey of various methods that have been developed for synthesizing 1-D nanoscale heterostructures and then mainly focuses on the synthesis, structures and properties of the above three types of nanoscale heterostructures. Finally, this review concludes with personal views towards the topic of 1-D nanoscale heterostructures.
文摘With the rapid development of drones and autonomous vehicles, miniaturized and lightweight vision sensors that can track targets are of great interests. Limited by the flat structure, conventional image sensors apply a large number of lenses to achieve corresponding functions, increasing the overall volume and weight of the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(62174068,61625404).
文摘In the era of accelerated development in artificial intelligence as well as explosive growth of information and data throughput,underlying hardware devices that can integrate perception and memory while simultaneously offering the bene-fits of low power consumption and high transmission rates are particularly valuable.Neuromorphic devices inspired by the human brain are considered to be one of the most promising successors to the efficient in-sensory process.In this paper,a homojunction-based multi-functional optoelectronic synapse(MFOS)is proposed and testified.It enables a series of basic electri-cal synaptic plasticity,including paired-pulse facilitation/depression(PPF/PPD)and long-term promotion/depression(LTP/LTD).In addition,the synaptic behaviors induced by electrical signals could be instead achieved through optical signals,where its sen-sitivity to optical frequency allows the MFOS to simulate high-pass filtering applications in situ and the perception capability integrated into memory endows it with the information acquisition and processing functions as a visual system.Meanwhile,the MFOS exhibits its performances of associative learning and logic gates following the illumination with two different wave-lengths.As a result,the proposed MFOS offers a solution for the realization of intelligent visual system and bionic electronic eye,and will provide more diverse application scenarios for future neuromorphic computing.
文摘Human body with curved and soft interfaces requests advanced flexible materials and structures for the interaction with organs and signal collection from targets in applications such as bioengineering and diagnostic devices.Among them,it is highly demanded to achieve creative design in flexible materials and structures with great stretchable capability for required applications.To this end,both inorganic and organic materials could be adopted and designed with assembly and self-assembly methods for flexible electronics and electrodes.Soft or flexible materials and structures inspired by nature can lead to highly conformal contacts between devices and the human body.These approaches hold great potential for applications in flexible electronics,medical imaging technology and portable disease diagnostics.Novel strategy on related sensors/actuator and energy storage/generation devices could overcome certain limitations on flexible materials engineering and thus advance the field as well.All these methods would deliver a profound impact to our future intelligent society.
