Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreaks of acute hepatitis.Recently,several extrahepatic manifestations(EHMs)have been described in patients with HEV infection.Of these,neurologica...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreaks of acute hepatitis.Recently,several extrahepatic manifestations(EHMs)have been described in patients with HEV infection.Of these,neurological disorders are the most common EHM associated with HEV.The involvement of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system can occur together or in isolation.Patients can present with normal liver function tests,which can often be misleading for physicians.There is a paucity of data on HEV-related neurological manifestations;and these data are mostly described as case reports and case series.In this review,we analyzed data of 163 reported cases of HEV-related neurological disorders.The mechanisms of pathogenesis,clinico-demographic profile,and outcomes of the HEV-related neurological disorders are described in this article.Nerve root and plexus disorder were found to be the most commonly reported disease,followed by meningoencephalitis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of marine actinobacteria.Methods:The content of total phenolics,the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity,metal chelating activity,FRAP me...Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of marine actinobacteria.Methods:The content of total phenolics,the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity,metal chelating activity,FRAP method,βcarotene assay and NO scavenging activity in extract were determined.Results:In all the methods the extract exhibited good scavenging activity except NO scavenging activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> values of marine actinobacteria extract on DPPH radical were found to be 41.09μg/mL.The zone of color retention was 12 mm inβ-carotene bleaching assay. DNA protective efficiency of the extracts was also studied using UV- photolysed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-driven oxidative damage to pBR322.HPLC analysis identified some of the major phenolic compounds in extracts,which might he responsible for the antioxidant potential and cyto-protection.It showed a 100%cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp lethality assay within 10 mins.The novel actinobacteria was identified as Streptomyces LK-3（JF710608） through I6S rDNA Sequencing.Conclusions:The results obtained suggest that the extracts bear anti-cancer metabolites and could be considered as a potential source for anti-cancer drug development.展开更多
Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiatio...Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of Aerva Lanata（A.lanata） stem.Methods:During the preliminary phytochemical analysis,the aqueous extract of A...Objective:To analyze the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of Aerva Lanata（A.lanata） stem.Methods:During the preliminary phytochemical analysis,the aqueous extract of A.Ianata was screened for the presence of carbohydrates,proteins,phenolic compounds,oil and fats,saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids. tannins and phytosterols.Antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by 2.2-dipbenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,metal chelating activity,reducing power activity and DNA damage inhibition activity.Analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by FolinCiocaiteau reagent method and gradient high performance liquid chromatography technique. Results:Preliminary phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins.flavonoids.tannins and phytosterols as major phytochemical groups.The extract exhibited high 2.2—diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity(IC<sub>50</sub>= 110.74μg/ mL).metal chelating activity(IC<sub>50</sub>= 758.17μg/mL).reducing power activity and DIA damage inhibition efficiency.The extract was reported to possess a high amount of total phenolic content and some of them were identified as gallic acid（3,4,3-OH）,apigenin-7—O-glucoside tapigetrin), quercetin-3—O-rutinoside（rutin） and myricetin（3,5,7,3,4,5-OH）by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.The extract was found non toxic towards human erythrocytes in the hemolytic assay(IC<sub>50</sub>= 24.89 mg/mL).Conclusions:These results conclud that A.lanata stem possesses high antioxidant activity and can he used for the development of natural and sale antioxidant compounds.展开更多
The objective of this study is to increase awareness of the rare presentation, diagnostic difficulties and management of glomus tympanicum of the middle ear. A 49 years old male, with a background of hypertension and ...The objective of this study is to increase awareness of the rare presentation, diagnostic difficulties and management of glomus tympanicum of the middle ear. A 49 years old male, with a background of hypertension and epilepsy, presented with a two month history of left sided conductive hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus and headache. Clinically and radiologically a diagnosis of glomus tympanicum was made. Intraoperatively, extensive osteogenesis of the middle ear resulting in ossicular fixation and erosion was found. This patient required a two stage operation for full clearance of disease. A stapedectomy drill was used to drill off the bony overgrowth surrounding the ossicles resulting in improved hearing thresholds and full clearance of the disease at two year follow up. Glomus tympanicum can result in new bone formation in the middle ear with resultant ossicular fixation and conductive hearing loss. This can be effectively treated surgically with restoration of hearing.展开更多
The pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood was carried out in a batch reactor to optimize the yield of bio-oil.Effect of various parameters like feed(particle) size,temperature,presence of catalyst and heating rate on the yield...The pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood was carried out in a batch reactor to optimize the yield of bio-oil.Effect of various parameters like feed(particle) size,temperature,presence of catalyst and heating rate on the yield of bio-oil was investigated.The optimum conditions for high yield of bio-oil are for the particle size 2 mm^5 mm(average l/d=12.84/2.03 mm) at 450 ℃ in high heating rate.The reaction kinetics and the quality of bio-oil produced are independent of the presence of different catalysts like mordenite,kaoline clay,fly ash and silica alumina.The physical properties like odour,colour,PH,viscosity,heating value were determined.The FT-IR analysis of bio-oil indicates the presence of different functional groups such as monomeric alcohol,phenol,ketones,aldehydes,carboxylic acid,amines,and nitro compounds.The composition of the bio-oil at different conditions was analyzed using GC-MS and found that the components are temperature dependent but independent of catalysts used.展开更多
India is a major contributor to the malaria burden in Southeast Asia, with 83% estimated cases and 82% estimated deaths reported in 2020[1]. As per the National Center for Vector-Borne Disease Control(NCVBDC) estimate...India is a major contributor to the malaria burden in Southeast Asia, with 83% estimated cases and 82% estimated deaths reported in 2020[1]. As per the National Center for Vector-Borne Disease Control(NCVBDC) estimates, around 0.19 million cases and 93 deaths occurred in the country due to malaria in 2020. Since 2002, India has made impressive progress in malaria control with an approximately 90% reduction in malaria cases over the last two decades and is on the road to malaria elimination by 2030.展开更多
Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studi...Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied.? Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.展开更多
Malaria is a public health problem in several parts of India.A continuous decrease in malaria has been reported in India,from about 2.0 million cases in 2000 to about 0.2 million in 2020[1].In February 2016,the Govern...Malaria is a public health problem in several parts of India.A continuous decrease in malaria has been reported in India,from about 2.0 million cases in 2000 to about 0.2 million in 2020[1].In February 2016,the Government of India formally launched the National Framework for Malaria Elimination,which outlines the strategies for eliminating malaria from India by 2030[2].It aims to interrupt indigenous malaria transmission(zero indigenous case reporting)throughout the country,prevent the re-establishment of transmission in areas where it has been eliminated,and maintain national malaria-free status by 2030 and beyond,using the existing intervention tools and strategies.In 2017,India launched its five-year National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination,which is mainly district focused rather than the National Framework for Malaria Elimination,which was state focused[3].India has shown a 71%reduction of malaria cases in 2019 compared to 2015,which was achieved by strengthening surveillance,improving diagnosis and treatment,and intensive vector control measures using existing tools.In India,Odisha state contributed 37.4%of total malaria cases in 2015,which was reduced to 12%in 2019 using the Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran initiative and comprehensive case management of malaria[4].展开更多
Aspergilloma infection in the lung can occur in preexisting cavities and is usually seen after tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction and bronchestasis. Occassionally aspergilloma has been reported within a hydatid cyst. ...Aspergilloma infection in the lung can occur in preexisting cavities and is usually seen after tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction and bronchestasis. Occassionally aspergilloma has been reported within a hydatid cyst. We describe a patient with aspergilloma formed within cyst hydatid. The primary symptom in this patient was recurrent hemoptysis. In this 42-year-old male, the diagnosis was established by HRCT chest. Treatment consisted of postero-lateral thoracotomy with a bilobectomy of lower and middle lobe. Aspergilloma is an unusual complication of hydatid cyst and results from the deterioration of local defence against opportunistic infections.展开更多
Background:Ayurvedic system of medicine is well established for prevention and treatment of renal problems.There are vast number of medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurvedic system of medicine,including Piper attenuatum...Background:Ayurvedic system of medicine is well established for prevention and treatment of renal problems.There are vast number of medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurvedic system of medicine,including Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham.ex Miq.,which has been known to exhibit diuretic properties.Objective:To investigate possible mechanism and diuretic activity of ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves.Methods:Present study reports an in vivo diuretic activity of ethanol extracts of P.attenuatum leaves.Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were deprived from food and water for 20 h,followed by being divided into four groups to receive normal saline,Furosemide,and two doses of the ethanol extract,respectively.Further,the ethanol extract were subjected for prelimnary phytochemical screening test,and analytical investigation was performed via high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC),followed by effectiveness exploration of putative bioactive compounds from P.attenuatum against human carbonic anhydrase(hCA)enzyme using molecular docking tool.Results:During phytochemicals screening,several groups of compounds such as amides,terpenoids,proteins,flavonoids,and glycosides have been identified.Further,HPTLC reveals presence of carbohydrates,proteins,amino acids,steroids,alkaloids,flavonoids,tannins,glycosides,and terpenoids.Significant diuretic action was revealed for both 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves.Interestingly,molecular docking analysis demonstrated greater binding affinity of compounds such as Cepharadione A,Nor-cepharadione B,Galbelgin,Crotepoxide,and Pipoxide chlorohydrin out of total 23 studied compounds against hCA isoforms(a key biomarker for diuretic)and score is comparable with standard drug Acetazolamide.Conclusion:It was concluded from the present studies that ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves exhibits signifi-cant diuretic activity.The activity may be correlated due to the presence of Cepharadione A,Norcepharadione B,Galbelgin,Crotepoxide,and Pipoxide chlorohydrin as key component responsible for inhibition of hCA isoforms.展开更多
Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transfo...Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transform,are investigated to determine how well they can identify damage to structures.In this work,a synchroextracting transform(SET)based on the short-time Fourier transform is proposed for estimating post-earthquake structural damage.The performance of SET for artificially generated signals and actual earthquake signals is examined with existing methods.Amongst other tested techniques,SET improves frequency resolution to a great extent by lowering the influence of smearing along the time-frequency plane.Hence,interpretation and readability with the proposed method are improved,and small changes in the time-varying frequency characteristics of the damaged buildings are easily detected through the SET method.展开更多
Anopheles(An.)stephensi is one of the dominant malaria vectors in India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Iran,Iraq and some other Asian countries[1].It plays a crucial role in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium viva...Anopheles(An.)stephensi is one of the dominant malaria vectors in India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Iran,Iraq and some other Asian countries[1].It plays a crucial role in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in India along with its rural counterpart,An.culicifacies.This mosquito species has adapted well to urban and peri-urban environments,making it a significant public health concern in the country.The presence of An.stephensi in urban areas contrasts with other malaria vectors that predominantly inhabit rural regions,thus complicating traditional malaria control strategies.It is well-adapted to human-made environments,breeding in various containers including tanks,cisterns,and barrels used for water storage.展开更多
There is a new public health catastrophe forbidding the world.With the advent and spread of 2019 novel coro-navirus(2019-nCoV).Learning from the experiences of various countries and the World Health Organization(WHO)g...There is a new public health catastrophe forbidding the world.With the advent and spread of 2019 novel coro-navirus(2019-nCoV).Learning from the experiences of various countries and the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines,social distancing,use of sanitizers,thermal screening,quarantining,and provision of lock-down in the cities being the effective measure that can contain the spread of the pandemic.Though complete lockdown helps in containing the spread,it generates complexity by breaking the economic activity chain.Besides,laborers,farmers,and workers may lose their daily earnings.Owing to these detrimental effects,the government has to open the lockdown strategically.Prediction of the COVID-19 spread and analyzing when the cases would stop increasing helps in developing a strategy.An attempt is made in this paper to predict the time after which the number of new cases stops rising,considering the strong implementation of lockdown conditions using three different techniques such as Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine,and Gaussian Process Regression algorithm are used to project the number of cases.Thus,the projections are used in identifying inflection points,which would help in planning the easing of lockdown in a few of the areas strategically.The criticality in a region is evaluated using the criticality index(CI),which is proposed by authors in one of the past of research works.This research work is made available in a dashboard to enable the decision-makers to combat the pandemic.展开更多
The present study was focused on screening and characterization of tyrosinase enzyme produced by marine actinobacteria and its application in phenolic compounds removal from aqueous solution. A total of 20 strains wer...The present study was focused on screening and characterization of tyrosinase enzyme produced by marine actinobacteria and its application in phenolic compounds removal from aqueous solution. A total of 20 strains were isolated from marine sediment sample and screened for tyrosinase production by using skimmed milk agar medium. Among 20 isolates, two isolates LK-4 and LK-20 showed zone of hydrolysis and these were taken for secondary screening by using tyrosiue agar medium. Based on the result of secondary screening LK-4 was selected for further analysis, such as tyrosinase assay, protein content and specific activity of the enzyme. The tyrosinase enzyme was produced in a SS medium and was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and SDS PAGE. The isolate （LK-4） was identified as Streptomyces espinosus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named as ＂Streptomyces espinosus strain LK4 （KF806735）＂. The tyrosinase enzyme was immobilized in sodium alginate which was applied to remove phenolic compounds from water. The enzyme efficiently removed the phenolic compounds from aqueous solution within few hours which indicated that tyrosinasc enzyme produced by Streptomyces espinosus strain LK-4 can be potently used for the removal of phenol and phenolic compounds from wastewater in industries.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS).We have shown that oral administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor(BBI),a soybean-derived serine protease inhibitor,suppresse...Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS).We have shown that oral administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor(BBI),a soybean-derived serine protease inhibitor,suppresses disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),1 a model of MS.We show here that the suppression is dependent on stimulator of interferon genes(STING)and the production of interferon-β(IFN-β)by F4/80+macrophages.Furthermore,we show that the absence of type I IFN receptor-α(IFNAR1)in myeloid cells precludes EAE suppression by BBI,demonstrating that IFN-βsignaling in these cells is relevant for the beneficial effect of BBI.BBI also induces IFN-βproduction by human macrophages and monocytes in a STING-dependent manner,suggesting that BBI could have a therapeutic effect in MS similar to the one in EAE.展开更多
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreaks of acute hepatitis.Recently,several extrahepatic manifestations(EHMs)have been described in patients with HEV infection.Of these,neurological disorders are the most common EHM associated with HEV.The involvement of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system can occur together or in isolation.Patients can present with normal liver function tests,which can often be misleading for physicians.There is a paucity of data on HEV-related neurological manifestations;and these data are mostly described as case reports and case series.In this review,we analyzed data of 163 reported cases of HEV-related neurological disorders.The mechanisms of pathogenesis,clinico-demographic profile,and outcomes of the HEV-related neurological disorders are described in this article.Nerve root and plexus disorder were found to be the most commonly reported disease,followed by meningoencephalitis.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity of marine actinobacteria.Methods:The content of total phenolics,the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity,metal chelating activity,FRAP method,βcarotene assay and NO scavenging activity in extract were determined.Results:In all the methods the extract exhibited good scavenging activity except NO scavenging activity.The IC<sub>50</sub> values of marine actinobacteria extract on DPPH radical were found to be 41.09μg/mL.The zone of color retention was 12 mm inβ-carotene bleaching assay. DNA protective efficiency of the extracts was also studied using UV- photolysed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-driven oxidative damage to pBR322.HPLC analysis identified some of the major phenolic compounds in extracts,which might he responsible for the antioxidant potential and cyto-protection.It showed a 100%cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp lethality assay within 10 mins.The novel actinobacteria was identified as Streptomyces LK-3（JF710608） through I6S rDNA Sequencing.Conclusions:The results obtained suggest that the extracts bear anti-cancer metabolites and could be considered as a potential source for anti-cancer drug development.
文摘Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures.
文摘Objective:To analyze the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous extract of Aerva Lanata（A.lanata） stem.Methods:During the preliminary phytochemical analysis,the aqueous extract of A.Ianata was screened for the presence of carbohydrates,proteins,phenolic compounds,oil and fats,saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids. tannins and phytosterols.Antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by 2.2-dipbenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,metal chelating activity,reducing power activity and DNA damage inhibition activity.Analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by FolinCiocaiteau reagent method and gradient high performance liquid chromatography technique. Results:Preliminary phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins.flavonoids.tannins and phytosterols as major phytochemical groups.The extract exhibited high 2.2—diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity(IC<sub>50</sub>= 110.74μg/ mL).metal chelating activity(IC<sub>50</sub>= 758.17μg/mL).reducing power activity and DIA damage inhibition efficiency.The extract was reported to possess a high amount of total phenolic content and some of them were identified as gallic acid（3,4,3-OH）,apigenin-7—O-glucoside tapigetrin), quercetin-3—O-rutinoside（rutin） and myricetin（3,5,7,3,4,5-OH）by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.The extract was found non toxic towards human erythrocytes in the hemolytic assay(IC<sub>50</sub>= 24.89 mg/mL).Conclusions:These results conclud that A.lanata stem possesses high antioxidant activity and can he used for the development of natural and sale antioxidant compounds.
文摘The objective of this study is to increase awareness of the rare presentation, diagnostic difficulties and management of glomus tympanicum of the middle ear. A 49 years old male, with a background of hypertension and epilepsy, presented with a two month history of left sided conductive hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus and headache. Clinically and radiologically a diagnosis of glomus tympanicum was made. Intraoperatively, extensive osteogenesis of the middle ear resulting in ossicular fixation and erosion was found. This patient required a two stage operation for full clearance of disease. A stapedectomy drill was used to drill off the bony overgrowth surrounding the ossicles resulting in improved hearing thresholds and full clearance of the disease at two year follow up. Glomus tympanicum can result in new bone formation in the middle ear with resultant ossicular fixation and conductive hearing loss. This can be effectively treated surgically with restoration of hearing.
文摘The pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood was carried out in a batch reactor to optimize the yield of bio-oil.Effect of various parameters like feed(particle) size,temperature,presence of catalyst and heating rate on the yield of bio-oil was investigated.The optimum conditions for high yield of bio-oil are for the particle size 2 mm^5 mm(average l/d=12.84/2.03 mm) at 450 ℃ in high heating rate.The reaction kinetics and the quality of bio-oil produced are independent of the presence of different catalysts like mordenite,kaoline clay,fly ash and silica alumina.The physical properties like odour,colour,PH,viscosity,heating value were determined.The FT-IR analysis of bio-oil indicates the presence of different functional groups such as monomeric alcohol,phenol,ketones,aldehydes,carboxylic acid,amines,and nitro compounds.The composition of the bio-oil at different conditions was analyzed using GC-MS and found that the components are temperature dependent but independent of catalysts used.
文摘India is a major contributor to the malaria burden in Southeast Asia, with 83% estimated cases and 82% estimated deaths reported in 2020[1]. As per the National Center for Vector-Borne Disease Control(NCVBDC) estimates, around 0.19 million cases and 93 deaths occurred in the country due to malaria in 2020. Since 2002, India has made impressive progress in malaria control with an approximately 90% reduction in malaria cases over the last two decades and is on the road to malaria elimination by 2030.
文摘Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied.? Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.
文摘Malaria is a public health problem in several parts of India.A continuous decrease in malaria has been reported in India,from about 2.0 million cases in 2000 to about 0.2 million in 2020[1].In February 2016,the Government of India formally launched the National Framework for Malaria Elimination,which outlines the strategies for eliminating malaria from India by 2030[2].It aims to interrupt indigenous malaria transmission(zero indigenous case reporting)throughout the country,prevent the re-establishment of transmission in areas where it has been eliminated,and maintain national malaria-free status by 2030 and beyond,using the existing intervention tools and strategies.In 2017,India launched its five-year National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination,which is mainly district focused rather than the National Framework for Malaria Elimination,which was state focused[3].India has shown a 71%reduction of malaria cases in 2019 compared to 2015,which was achieved by strengthening surveillance,improving diagnosis and treatment,and intensive vector control measures using existing tools.In India,Odisha state contributed 37.4%of total malaria cases in 2015,which was reduced to 12%in 2019 using the Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran initiative and comprehensive case management of malaria[4].
文摘Aspergilloma infection in the lung can occur in preexisting cavities and is usually seen after tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction and bronchestasis. Occassionally aspergilloma has been reported within a hydatid cyst. We describe a patient with aspergilloma formed within cyst hydatid. The primary symptom in this patient was recurrent hemoptysis. In this 42-year-old male, the diagnosis was established by HRCT chest. Treatment consisted of postero-lateral thoracotomy with a bilobectomy of lower and middle lobe. Aspergilloma is an unusual complication of hydatid cyst and results from the deterioration of local defence against opportunistic infections.
文摘Background:Ayurvedic system of medicine is well established for prevention and treatment of renal problems.There are vast number of medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurvedic system of medicine,including Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham.ex Miq.,which has been known to exhibit diuretic properties.Objective:To investigate possible mechanism and diuretic activity of ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves.Methods:Present study reports an in vivo diuretic activity of ethanol extracts of P.attenuatum leaves.Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were deprived from food and water for 20 h,followed by being divided into four groups to receive normal saline,Furosemide,and two doses of the ethanol extract,respectively.Further,the ethanol extract were subjected for prelimnary phytochemical screening test,and analytical investigation was performed via high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC),followed by effectiveness exploration of putative bioactive compounds from P.attenuatum against human carbonic anhydrase(hCA)enzyme using molecular docking tool.Results:During phytochemicals screening,several groups of compounds such as amides,terpenoids,proteins,flavonoids,and glycosides have been identified.Further,HPTLC reveals presence of carbohydrates,proteins,amino acids,steroids,alkaloids,flavonoids,tannins,glycosides,and terpenoids.Significant diuretic action was revealed for both 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves.Interestingly,molecular docking analysis demonstrated greater binding affinity of compounds such as Cepharadione A,Nor-cepharadione B,Galbelgin,Crotepoxide,and Pipoxide chlorohydrin out of total 23 studied compounds against hCA isoforms(a key biomarker for diuretic)and score is comparable with standard drug Acetazolamide.Conclusion:It was concluded from the present studies that ethanol extract of P.attenuatum leaves exhibits signifi-cant diuretic activity.The activity may be correlated due to the presence of Cepharadione A,Norcepharadione B,Galbelgin,Crotepoxide,and Pipoxide chlorohydrin as key component responsible for inhibition of hCA isoforms.
文摘Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transform,are investigated to determine how well they can identify damage to structures.In this work,a synchroextracting transform(SET)based on the short-time Fourier transform is proposed for estimating post-earthquake structural damage.The performance of SET for artificially generated signals and actual earthquake signals is examined with existing methods.Amongst other tested techniques,SET improves frequency resolution to a great extent by lowering the influence of smearing along the time-frequency plane.Hence,interpretation and readability with the proposed method are improved,and small changes in the time-varying frequency characteristics of the damaged buildings are easily detected through the SET method.
文摘Anopheles(An.)stephensi is one of the dominant malaria vectors in India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Iran,Iraq and some other Asian countries[1].It plays a crucial role in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in India along with its rural counterpart,An.culicifacies.This mosquito species has adapted well to urban and peri-urban environments,making it a significant public health concern in the country.The presence of An.stephensi in urban areas contrasts with other malaria vectors that predominantly inhabit rural regions,thus complicating traditional malaria control strategies.It is well-adapted to human-made environments,breeding in various containers including tanks,cisterns,and barrels used for water storage.
文摘There is a new public health catastrophe forbidding the world.With the advent and spread of 2019 novel coro-navirus(2019-nCoV).Learning from the experiences of various countries and the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines,social distancing,use of sanitizers,thermal screening,quarantining,and provision of lock-down in the cities being the effective measure that can contain the spread of the pandemic.Though complete lockdown helps in containing the spread,it generates complexity by breaking the economic activity chain.Besides,laborers,farmers,and workers may lose their daily earnings.Owing to these detrimental effects,the government has to open the lockdown strategically.Prediction of the COVID-19 spread and analyzing when the cases would stop increasing helps in developing a strategy.An attempt is made in this paper to predict the time after which the number of new cases stops rising,considering the strong implementation of lockdown conditions using three different techniques such as Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine,and Gaussian Process Regression algorithm are used to project the number of cases.Thus,the projections are used in identifying inflection points,which would help in planning the easing of lockdown in a few of the areas strategically.The criticality in a region is evaluated using the criticality index(CI),which is proposed by authors in one of the past of research works.This research work is made available in a dashboard to enable the decision-makers to combat the pandemic.
文摘The present study was focused on screening and characterization of tyrosinase enzyme produced by marine actinobacteria and its application in phenolic compounds removal from aqueous solution. A total of 20 strains were isolated from marine sediment sample and screened for tyrosinase production by using skimmed milk agar medium. Among 20 isolates, two isolates LK-4 and LK-20 showed zone of hydrolysis and these were taken for secondary screening by using tyrosiue agar medium. Based on the result of secondary screening LK-4 was selected for further analysis, such as tyrosinase assay, protein content and specific activity of the enzyme. The tyrosinase enzyme was produced in a SS medium and was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and SDS PAGE. The isolate （LK-4） was identified as Streptomyces espinosus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named as ＂Streptomyces espinosus strain LK4 （KF806735）＂. The tyrosinase enzyme was immobilized in sodium alginate which was applied to remove phenolic compounds from water. The enzyme efficiently removed the phenolic compounds from aqueous solution within few hours which indicated that tyrosinasc enzyme produced by Streptomyces espinosus strain LK-4 can be potently used for the removal of phenol and phenolic compounds from wastewater in industries.
基金supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health(5R01AI106026)to A.R.
文摘Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS).We have shown that oral administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor(BBI),a soybean-derived serine protease inhibitor,suppresses disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),1 a model of MS.We show here that the suppression is dependent on stimulator of interferon genes(STING)and the production of interferon-β(IFN-β)by F4/80+macrophages.Furthermore,we show that the absence of type I IFN receptor-α(IFNAR1)in myeloid cells precludes EAE suppression by BBI,demonstrating that IFN-βsignaling in these cells is relevant for the beneficial effect of BBI.BBI also induces IFN-βproduction by human macrophages and monocytes in a STING-dependent manner,suggesting that BBI could have a therapeutic effect in MS similar to the one in EAE.
