Carbonate,present in the marine sediments,oceanic crust and seamounts,can be transported into the mantle via subduction,playing a crucial role in deep carbon cycling.However,the characteristics and origin of carbonate...Carbonate,present in the marine sediments,oceanic crust and seamounts,can be transported into the mantle via subduction,playing a crucial role in deep carbon cycling.However,the characteristics and origin of carbonate in seamounts are rarely studied.Here we focus on the carbonates from the Louisville Seamount chain in the southwestern Pacific Ocean,which were drilled by the IODP Expedition 330.These carbonates are predominantly composed of calcite,and can be divided into vesicle-type,vein-type,cement-type,and cap-type.The vein-type carbonates show high Eu/Eu^(*),indicating the possible influence of high-temperature hydrothermal fluid.In contrast,the rare earth elemental(with high Y/Ho)and carbon-oxygen isotopic signatures of other types of carbonates are generally similar to those of carbonates found within the oceanic crust,indicating that they are also precipitated from the seawater driven by water-rock interaction.A lowtemperature water-rock interaction is suggested since these carbonates are precipitated at a temperature of 4.1-14.5℃.Due to the high δ^(13)C_(VPDB)and δ^(18)O_(VPDB)for these carbonates in the seamount,the recycling of seamount is thus suggested to be a potential candidate for contributing the mantle source of intraplate alkaline basalts in certain regions,such as the Cenozoic basalts in eastern China.展开更多
The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.Th...The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.The results indicate that the RD-ECAP updates both theα-Mg texture and long-period stack-ing ordered(LPSO)arrangement in the pre-extruded alloy,while theα-Mg texture is more sensitive to the change of deformation route.The LPSO streamlines modify the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the ECAP alloys via exerting different reinforcing effects and modifying the crack propagation.The lower ECAP temperature of 350℃ rather than 400℃ promotes dynamic precipitation which deteriorates the following ageing-hardening response but conduces to refining theα-Mg grains and preventing a sharp drop in elongation after peak ageing.The 350A peak-aged alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical proper-ties with the average tensile yield strength(TYS)of 311 MPa(S_(TYS)=3.7,S indicates standard deviation)and elongation of 7.6%(S_(EL)=0.7).Its higher strength should mainly be attributed to the finer grain size,and its quasi-isotropic performance should be inherited from the ECAP state induced by the rational arrangement of LPSO phases.展开更多
Continental intraplate basalts form by partial melting of the mantle,and can provide important constraints on mantle heterogeneity.However,due to the thick overlying continental lithosphere,the origins of the geochemi...Continental intraplate basalts form by partial melting of the mantle,and can provide important constraints on mantle heterogeneity.However,due to the thick overlying continental lithosphere,the origins of the geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate basalts are controversial.In this study,we examined the geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts in southeast China.These basalts which are divided into four volcanic belts exhibit a DMM-EM2 mixing trend and spatial variations in Pb isotopes from inland(i.e.,thick lithosphere)to coastal(i.e.,thin lithosphere)regions.In contrast to the Pb isotopic variations,there are no spatial variations in Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes.Marked correlations between Pb isotopes and major elements(i.e.,Mg O and Si O_(2))suggest the continental lithospheric lid controlled their petrogenesis.Nonetheless,other factors are needed to explain the variations in Ti/Ti^(*)and Hf/Hf^(*)ratios,and Nd-Hf isotopes of the southeast China basalts.The increasing Pb isotope ratios from the inner to coastal regions are associated with decreases in CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) ratios and increases in FC3MS(FeO^(T)/CaO-3×Mg O/Si O_(2);in wt.%)values,indicating contributions from non-peridotite components in the mantle sources.The similarly depleted Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the basalts from the three inner belts indicate these basalts have a similar origin,whereas the more enriched isotopic features of the basalts from the outer belt suggest their mantle source contains older recycled oceanic crust.Thus,source(i.e.,lithological)heterogeneity also had a significant role in controlling the geochemistry of these basalts.The DMM-EM2 mixing trend defined by the Pb isotopic compositions of continental intraplate basalts from southeast China was generated by variable degrees of melting of heterogeneous mantle that was controlled by the thickness of the continental lithospheric lid(i.e.,the melting pressure).This caused variable extents of melting of enriched components in the mantle sources of the basalts(i.e.,carbonated peridotite vs.pyroxenite).展开更多
During direct chilling(DC)casting of ZK61 alloys,the primary and secondary cooling causes strong thermal gradients,which leads to the uneven crystallization rate and thermal contraction in different positions of the i...During direct chilling(DC)casting of ZK61 alloys,the primary and secondary cooling causes strong thermal gradients,which leads to the uneven crystallization rate and thermal contraction in different positions of the ingot.The consequences manifested appearance of heterogeneous grains,huge casting stresses,and even hot cracking flaws.In this paper,chemical and physical methods were integrated to produce large-scale magnesium(Mg)alloy ingots.A φ525 mm ZK61-RE alloy ingot that was refined,homogeneous,and free from hot cracking was obtained via the DC process coupled with a differential low frequency pulsed magnetic field(DLPM).The effects of rare earth(RE)and DLPM on the hot cracking tendency were investigated,and the mechanism of hot cracking formation and modification in largescale ingots was revealed.The findings indicate that the addition of moderate amounts of RE lessens the tendency of hot cracking in large-scale ZK61 alloy ingots.This is mainly attributed to the addition of RE increases the content of the second phase,thus enhancing the ability of the eutectic liquid phase to feed the cracking.With the introduction of DLPM,the grain sizes are significantly refined and homogenized,and there is no obvious hot cracking observed in the ingot.This is because the coupling of the DLPM provides a more homogeneous temperature field,leading to the synchronization of the solidification process,and the consequent reduction of the casting stress,thus reducing the driving force for the formation of hot cracking.In addition,the casting conditions are modified to enhance the ability of solidification feeding and the resistance to hot cracking.This work provides theoretical and practical references for the preparation of large-scale high-quality Mg alloy ingots.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−4.5Al−2.5Zn−0.3Mn−0.2Ca(wt.%,designated as AZ42)alloys in extruded(at extrusion ratios of 28,20 and 11.5)and peak-aged states were investigated,by using optical micro...The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−4.5Al−2.5Zn−0.3Mn−0.2Ca(wt.%,designated as AZ42)alloys in extruded(at extrusion ratios of 28,20 and 11.5)and peak-aged states were investigated,by using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometry and electron backscatter diffraction.The results show that extrusion produces a typical basal fiber texture and streamlines of second phases.All samples exhibit the lowest Schmid factor of basal slip(SFb)and the superior tensile yield strength(TYS)along extrusion direction(ED).The sample with extrusion ratio of 20 exhibits the largest average grain size,but the smallest SFb which compensates for the disadvantage of grain coarsening and maintains the strength.After being peak-aged at 175℃for 48 h,the sample with the extrusion ratio of 20 shows the optimal TYS along all the directions,compared to the other samples.This hopes to provide useful information for optimizing the deformation parameters of the AZ42 alloys.展开更多
Background:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common degenerative joint disease character-ized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage.Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy,including mitophagy,have been implicated...Background:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common degenerative joint disease character-ized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage.Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy,including mitophagy,have been implicated in OA pathogenesis.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNA)are emerging as key regulators in various cellular pro-cesses,but their roles in OA,particularly in chondrocytes,remain poorly understood.This study explores the involvement of lncRNA-GCH1 in regulating mitophagy and its impact on chondrocyte function and cartilage degradation in OA.Methods:Primary chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage tissues of OA pa-tients and healthy controls.lncRNA-GCH1 expression was assessed using RNA-seq,reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization.Functional assays,including Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,flow cytometry,and Western blotting,were used to evaluate the effects of lncRNA-GCH1 knockdown on chondrocyte proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,and mi-tophagy.Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring adenosine triphosphate production,reactive oxygen species levels,and mitochondrial membrane potential.In vivo,a murine OA model was used to examine the impact of lncRNA-GCH1 knock-down on cartilage degradation.Results:lncRNA-GCH1 was upregulated in OA chondrocytes and localized in the cy-toplasm.Knockdown of lncRNA-GCH1 enhanced cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle in G0/G1.It also suppressed mitophagy,improved mitochondrial function,and reduced matrix-degrading enzyme expression-effects that were reversed by rapa-mycin treatment.Meanwhile,lncRNA-GCH1 knockdown reduced PTEN-induced ki-nase 1(PINK1)aggregation and in vivo local inhibition of PINK1 diminished cartilage degradation.Conclusion:lncRNA-GCH1 regulates mitophagy in OA chondrocytes,influencing mi-tochondrial function and matrix degradation.Targeting lncRNA-GCH1 may offer a potential therapeutic approach for OA treatment.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability thr...0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability through geological time(e.g.,Plank and Manning,2019;Sverjensky et al.,2014;Dasgupta and Hirschmann,2010).The long-term subduction of Pacific/Paleo-Pacific Plate from Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic beneath Northeast China makes this area an ideal candidate for exploring ancient carbon recycling and its impact on Earth's surface environment.展开更多
Late Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern China has been widely considered to be related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.However,it remains controversial whether mafic rocks are derived from the lithosphere...Late Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern China has been widely considered to be related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.However,it remains controversial whether mafic rocks are derived from the lithosphere or the asthenosphere.Here we present a comprehensive study on mafic dikes from Fujian Province in southeastern China,aiming to understand their source.Two types of mafic rocks have been recognized based on their trace-element features.Type-Ⅰrocks show arc-like trace-elemental characteristics,while type-Ⅱrocks are distinguished by their relatively flat patterns in primitive-mantle-normalized trace-element diagram.Despite such differences between two types of rocks,these mafic dikes show two trends in the plots of^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(i)versus La/Nb,which can be explained by the influences of crustal contamination and melt-lithospheric mantle interaction,respectively.^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(i),La/Nb,Sr/Y and Zr/Y ratios of type-I rocks are significantly correlated to the thickness of the underlying lithosphere,and the signals of lithosphere are clearer with increasing lithospheric thickness.This highlights the important influences of melt-lithosphere interaction during their formation.Such observations also indicate that these mafic rocks are more likely to have been originated from the asthenosphere rather than the lithospheric mantle.展开更多
The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in...The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.展开更多
Mg-Li alloys with high lithium concentrations possess a lightweight body-centered cubic(BCC)matrix structure(β-Li).Interspersed eutectics(primarily the reticulated I-phase)often form along phase boundaries(PBs)and gr...Mg-Li alloys with high lithium concentrations possess a lightweight body-centered cubic(BCC)matrix structure(β-Li).Interspersed eutectics(primarily the reticulated I-phase)often form along phase boundaries(PBs)and grain boundaries(GBs)which strengthen the alloy but cause the loss of ductility due to the brittle behavior of I-phase.By modifying the Li content,we fabricated the(β+α)biphase Mg-Li alloy in which theα-Mg phase with a hexagonal close-packed structure(HCP)is embedded inβ-Li matrix,significantly increasing interface density.The high-density interfaces mitigate the distribution and dimension of the I-phase along GBs and PBs.The alloy exhibits enhanced ductility(elongation(EL)=17.8%)compared with the alloy without theα-Mg phase(EL=5.1%).Structural characterizations unveil the strengthening mechanism of the nanoscale B2(Li,Mg)3Zn-type precipitates in conjunction with the microscale I-phase.The(Li,Mg)3Zn nanophases augment the yield and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy without a discernible compromise in ductility,predominantly due to gliding dislocations cutting through the precipitates.In contrast,the microscale I-phase presents a formidable barrier to dislocation motion,facilitating dislocation pileups at interfaces and culminating in diminished ductility across the interface.In-situ stretching techniques were employed to scrutinize the microstructural evolution of alloys during tensile deformation,elucidating that the deformation compatibility of alloys correlates with the average size of the I-phase and their distribution along GBs and PBs.Corresponding to the orientation relationship(OR)between theα-Mg andβ-Li phases{110}Li//{0001}Mg and<ˉ111>Li//<11ˉ20>Mg,the slip continuity betweenα-Mg andβ-Li on plane pairs of{123}Li-{11ˉ22}Mg and{112}Li-{11ˉ22}Mg assures the deformation compatibility through facilitating the deformation across interfaces.Simultaneously,during the stretching process,the dispersed I-phase instigates the emergence of sporadic microcracks,indicating gradual damage evolution.These discoveries offer novel insights into achieving exceptional strength-ductility amalgamations in Mg-Li alloys through microstructural adjustments.展开更多
To tackle the problem of severe occlusions in visual tracking, we propose a hierarchical template-matching method based on a layered appearance model. This model integrates holistic- and part-region matching in order ...To tackle the problem of severe occlusions in visual tracking, we propose a hierarchical template-matching method based on a layered appearance model. This model integrates holistic- and part-region matching in order to locate an object in a coarse-to-fine manner. Furthermore, in order to reduce ambiguity in object localization, only the discriminative parts of an object＇ s appearance template are chosen for similarity computing with respect to their cornerness measurements. The similarity between parts is computed in a layer-wise manner, and from this, occlusions can be evaluated. When the object is partly occluded, it can be located accurately by matching candidate regions with the appearance template. When it is completely occluded, its location can be predicted from its historical motion information using a Kalman filter. The proposed tracker is tested on several practical image sequences, and the experimental results show that it can consistently provide accurate object location for stable tracking, even for severe occlusions.展开更多
Several series of fluorene-based light-emitting polymers with the emphasis on achieving efficient and stable bluelight emission are reported. Spiro-functionalization may narrow the emission spectra (with smaller tail ...Several series of fluorene-based light-emitting polymers with the emphasis on achieving efficient and stable bluelight emission are reported. Spiro-functionalization may narrow the emission spectra (with smaller tail at Ionger wavelengths)of fluorene homopolymers to provide purer blue emission. The thermal spectral stability of the polymers could also beimproved because of the elevation of the glass transition temperature caused by the spiro-functionalization. However, theexcimer emission in fluorene homopolymers is not suppressed by the spiro-functionalization. Alternate copolymers of 9,9-dihexylfluorene and substituted phenylenes may emit efficient blue ligh both in solution and in film. The optical propertiesare dependent on the substituion on the phenylene ring. The alkoxy-substituted polymers displayed efficient PL and EL andgood thermal spectral stability. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers based on the backbone structure couldbe tuned in a wide range by attaching different functional groups on the phenylene ring. By attaching europium(III) complexat the ends of the side chains in the alternate copolymers, we have demonstrated a new approach to achieving red emissionwith a very narrow spectrum. The copolymers of 9,9-dihexylfluorene and thiophene and bithiophene with differentsubstitutions were also synthesized to study the effect of substitution and regioregularity on the optical and other physicalproperties of the polymers.展开更多
Zirconium(Zr)emerges as the most effective grain refiner for magnesium(Mg)alloys incorporating Zr.Typically,Zr is introduced in the form of an Mg–Zr master alloy.However,within Mg–Zr master alloys,Zr predominantly e...Zirconium(Zr)emerges as the most effective grain refiner for magnesium(Mg)alloys incorporating Zr.Typically,Zr is introduced in the form of an Mg–Zr master alloy.However,within Mg–Zr master alloys,Zr predominantly exists in a particle form,which tends to aggregate due to attractive van der Waals forces.The clustered Zr is prone to settling,thereby reducing its refining impact on Mg alloys.In this work,a combined pretreatment process for Mg–Zr master alloys was proposed,encompassing the introduction of a physical field to intervene the agglomeration of particle Zr and the employ of high-temperature dissolution and peritectic reactions to promote the solid solution of Zr.The results demonstrate that the particle Zr within the pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy is effectively dispersed and refined,and greater solute Zr levels can be achieved.The subsequent grain refinement ability was studied on a typical Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr(wt%)alloy.The outcome highlights that an improvement in the grain refinement efficacy(32.4%)of Mg–Zr master alloys was obtained with a holding time of 60 min.The pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy significantly augments the efficiency of grain refinement for Mg alloys through a synergistic strategy involving heterogeneous nucleation and solute-driven growth restriction.The crucial factor in achieving effective grain refinement of Zr in Mg alloys lies in regulating the presence and morphology of Zr in the Mg–Zr master alloy,distinguishing between particle Zr and solute Zr.This study introduces a novel method for developing more efficient Mg–Zr refiners.展开更多
Bronchobiliary fistula(BBF) is a pathologic channel between the biliary tract and bronchial tree. In general, congenital BBF is relatively rare in adult patients. There are a few case reports suggesting that BBF is ma...Bronchobiliary fistula(BBF) is a pathologic channel between the biliary tract and bronchial tree. In general, congenital BBF is relatively rare in adult patients. There are a few case reports suggesting that BBF is mainly secondary to hepatobiliary diseases, such as biliary obstruction, tumor, surgery, or liver abscess, and liver tumor is the predominant causative factor [1]. In addition, with the increasing number of liver and biliary surgeries and interventional therapies in recent years, more cases of BBF were reported as a postoperative complication [ 2, 3 ]. In this case, we presented a patient who underwent interventional treatment for liver tumor and was treated for his respiratory symptoms but diagnosed with BBF finally. Here, we summarized the clinical features and main diagnostic procedures of the case, aiming to provide evidence for early identification and diagnosis of BBF.展开更多
With the change of production and life style, the change of dietary structure and the aggravation of population aging, the incidence and fatality rate of diabetes mellitus have been increasing year by year. The pathog...With the change of production and life style, the change of dietary structure and the aggravation of population aging, the incidence and fatality rate of diabetes mellitus have been increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of diabetes varies and is closely related to many factors, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, eating habits and so on. Those that endanger the life quality and survival of diabetic patients are mostly complications, including various macrovascular complications and microvascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy and diabetic foot. The related molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot are discussed in this paper to provide reference for new drug research and clinical treatment.展开更多
Extreme high temperature(EHT)events are among the most impact-related consequences related to climate change,especially for China,a nation with a large population that is vulnerable to the climate warming.Based on the...Extreme high temperature(EHT)events are among the most impact-related consequences related to climate change,especially for China,a nation with a large population that is vulnerable to the climate warming.Based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),this study assesses future EHT changes across China at five specific global warming thresholds(1.5℃-5℃).The results indicate that global mean temperature will increase by 1.5℃/2℃before 2030/2050 relative to pre-industrial levels(1861-1900)under three future scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5),and warming will occur faster under SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5.Under SSP5-8.5,global warming will eventually exceed 5℃by 2100,while under SSP1-2.6,it will stabilize around 2℃after 2050.In China,most of the areas where warming exceeds global average levels will be located in Tibet and northern China(Northwest China,North China and Northeast China),covering 50%-70%of the country.Furthermore,about 0.19-0.44 billion people(accounting for 16%-41%of the national population)will experience warming above the global average.Compared to present-day(1995-2014),the warmest day(TXx)will increase most notably in northern China,while the number of warm days(TX90p)and warm spell duration indicator(WSDI)will increase most profoundly in southern China.For example,relative to the present-day,TXx will increase by 1℃-5℃in northern China,and TX90p(WSDI)will increase by 25-150(10-80)days in southern China at 1.5℃-5℃global warming.Compared to 2℃-5℃,limiting global warming to 1.5℃will help avoid about 36%-87%of the EHT increases in China.展开更多
The South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM)onset is characterized by rapid thermodynamical changes in the atmosphere that are critical to regional weather and climate processes.So far,few studies have focused on the cha...The South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM)onset is characterized by rapid thermodynamical changes in the atmosphere that are critical to regional weather and climate processes.So far,few studies have focused on the changes in the associated cloud and radiative features.This study investigates spatiotemporal characteristics of topof-atmosphere(TOA)cloud radiative effects(CREs)before and after the SCSSM onset over the South China Sea(SCS)and South China(SC),based on the 2001–2016 Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES)Energy Balanced and Filled(EBAF)satellite data and ERA-Interim reanalysis data.Before the SCSSM onset,strong net CRE(NCRE)dominated by its cooling shortwave component occurs over SC,while descending motion and weak NCRE prevail over the SCS.In the SCSSM onset pentad,convection,high clouds,and longwave and shortwave CREs(LWCRE and SWCRE)abruptly increase over the southern and central SCS,and their high-value centers subsequently move northeastward and are strongly affected by the western Pacific subtropical high.The strong offset between LWCRE and SWCRE enables the NCRE intensity(TOA radiation budget)to be quite small(large)between the SCS and the western North Pacific after the SCSSM onset.In contrast,low–middle-level clouds and strong cooling SWCRE remain over SC after the SCSSM onset,but the increasing high clouds and LWCRE weaken(intensify)the regional NCRE(TOA radiation budget)intensity.These marked latitudinal differences in CREs between the SCS and SC primarily arise from their respective dominant cloud types and circulation conditions,which manifest the differences between the tropical SCSSM and subtropical East Asian monsoon processes.The results indicate that regional cloud fractions and CREs before and after the SCSSM onset are strongly modulated by quickly changed largescale circulation over the East Asian monsoon regions,and the spatiotemporal variation of CREs is a response to the monsoonal circulation adjustment to a large extent.展开更多
To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional ...To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Neutralization levels induced by inactivated vaccines rapidly wane after primary immunization,and a homologous booster can recall specific immune memory,resulting in a re...Summary What is already known about this topic?Neutralization levels induced by inactivated vaccines rapidly wane after primary immunization,and a homologous booster can recall specific immune memory,resulting in a remarkable increase in antibody concentration.The optimal interval between primary and booster doses has yet to be determined.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0800404)the“Geo X”Interdisciplinary Research Funds for the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling,Nanjing University(No.2023300291)。
文摘Carbonate,present in the marine sediments,oceanic crust and seamounts,can be transported into the mantle via subduction,playing a crucial role in deep carbon cycling.However,the characteristics and origin of carbonate in seamounts are rarely studied.Here we focus on the carbonates from the Louisville Seamount chain in the southwestern Pacific Ocean,which were drilled by the IODP Expedition 330.These carbonates are predominantly composed of calcite,and can be divided into vesicle-type,vein-type,cement-type,and cap-type.The vein-type carbonates show high Eu/Eu^(*),indicating the possible influence of high-temperature hydrothermal fluid.In contrast,the rare earth elemental(with high Y/Ho)and carbon-oxygen isotopic signatures of other types of carbonates are generally similar to those of carbonates found within the oceanic crust,indicating that they are also precipitated from the seawater driven by water-rock interaction.A lowtemperature water-rock interaction is suggested since these carbonates are precipitated at a temperature of 4.1-14.5℃.Due to the high δ^(13)C_(VPDB)and δ^(18)O_(VPDB)for these carbonates in the seamount,the recycling of seamount is thus suggested to be a potential candidate for contributing the mantle source of intraplate alkaline basalts in certain regions,such as the Cenozoic basalts in eastern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904036)the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2023GK2049).
文摘The effect of rotational-die equal channel angular pressing(RD-ECAP)temperature and deformation route on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pre-extruded Mg-5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Zr(wt%)alloys were investigated.The results indicate that the RD-ECAP updates both theα-Mg texture and long-period stack-ing ordered(LPSO)arrangement in the pre-extruded alloy,while theα-Mg texture is more sensitive to the change of deformation route.The LPSO streamlines modify the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the ECAP alloys via exerting different reinforcing effects and modifying the crack propagation.The lower ECAP temperature of 350℃ rather than 400℃ promotes dynamic precipitation which deteriorates the following ageing-hardening response but conduces to refining theα-Mg grains and preventing a sharp drop in elongation after peak ageing.The 350A peak-aged alloy exhibits the optimal mechanical proper-ties with the average tensile yield strength(TYS)of 311 MPa(S_(TYS)=3.7,S indicates standard deviation)and elongation of 7.6%(S_(EL)=0.7).Its higher strength should mainly be attributed to the finer grain size,and its quasi-isotropic performance should be inherited from the ECAP state induced by the rational arrangement of LPSO phases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41906051)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0202402)+1 种基金sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Tongji University)(No.22120210525)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research。
文摘Continental intraplate basalts form by partial melting of the mantle,and can provide important constraints on mantle heterogeneity.However,due to the thick overlying continental lithosphere,the origins of the geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate basalts are controversial.In this study,we examined the geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts in southeast China.These basalts which are divided into four volcanic belts exhibit a DMM-EM2 mixing trend and spatial variations in Pb isotopes from inland(i.e.,thick lithosphere)to coastal(i.e.,thin lithosphere)regions.In contrast to the Pb isotopic variations,there are no spatial variations in Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes.Marked correlations between Pb isotopes and major elements(i.e.,Mg O and Si O_(2))suggest the continental lithospheric lid controlled their petrogenesis.Nonetheless,other factors are needed to explain the variations in Ti/Ti^(*)and Hf/Hf^(*)ratios,and Nd-Hf isotopes of the southeast China basalts.The increasing Pb isotope ratios from the inner to coastal regions are associated with decreases in CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) ratios and increases in FC3MS(FeO^(T)/CaO-3×Mg O/Si O_(2);in wt.%)values,indicating contributions from non-peridotite components in the mantle sources.The similarly depleted Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the basalts from the three inner belts indicate these basalts have a similar origin,whereas the more enriched isotopic features of the basalts from the outer belt suggest their mantle source contains older recycled oceanic crust.Thus,source(i.e.,lithological)heterogeneity also had a significant role in controlling the geochemistry of these basalts.The DMM-EM2 mixing trend defined by the Pb isotopic compositions of continental intraplate basalts from southeast China was generated by variable degrees of melting of heterogeneous mantle that was controlled by the thickness of the continental lithospheric lid(i.e.,the melting pressure).This caused variable extents of melting of enriched components in the mantle sources of the basalts(i.e.,carbonated peridotite vs.pyroxenite).
基金Project supported by the Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Light Alloy(2024SSY05031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061028)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3501001)the Major Research and Development Projects of Jiangxi Province(20223BBE51021,20213AAE02014)。
文摘During direct chilling(DC)casting of ZK61 alloys,the primary and secondary cooling causes strong thermal gradients,which leads to the uneven crystallization rate and thermal contraction in different positions of the ingot.The consequences manifested appearance of heterogeneous grains,huge casting stresses,and even hot cracking flaws.In this paper,chemical and physical methods were integrated to produce large-scale magnesium(Mg)alloy ingots.A φ525 mm ZK61-RE alloy ingot that was refined,homogeneous,and free from hot cracking was obtained via the DC process coupled with a differential low frequency pulsed magnetic field(DLPM).The effects of rare earth(RE)and DLPM on the hot cracking tendency were investigated,and the mechanism of hot cracking formation and modification in largescale ingots was revealed.The findings indicate that the addition of moderate amounts of RE lessens the tendency of hot cracking in large-scale ZK61 alloy ingots.This is mainly attributed to the addition of RE increases the content of the second phase,thus enhancing the ability of the eutectic liquid phase to feed the cracking.With the introduction of DLPM,the grain sizes are significantly refined and homogenized,and there is no obvious hot cracking observed in the ingot.This is because the coupling of the DLPM provides a more homogeneous temperature field,leading to the synchronization of the solidification process,and the consequent reduction of the casting stress,thus reducing the driving force for the formation of hot cracking.In addition,the casting conditions are modified to enhance the ability of solidification feeding and the resistance to hot cracking.This work provides theoretical and practical references for the preparation of large-scale high-quality Mg alloy ingots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904036)the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2023GK2049)+2 种基金Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.kq2402016,kq2402014)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(No.CX20240772)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(No.2024NSFSC0151)。
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−4.5Al−2.5Zn−0.3Mn−0.2Ca(wt.%,designated as AZ42)alloys in extruded(at extrusion ratios of 28,20 and 11.5)and peak-aged states were investigated,by using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometry and electron backscatter diffraction.The results show that extrusion produces a typical basal fiber texture and streamlines of second phases.All samples exhibit the lowest Schmid factor of basal slip(SFb)and the superior tensile yield strength(TYS)along extrusion direction(ED).The sample with extrusion ratio of 20 exhibits the largest average grain size,but the smallest SFb which compensates for the disadvantage of grain coarsening and maintains the strength.After being peak-aged at 175℃for 48 h,the sample with the extrusion ratio of 20 shows the optimal TYS along all the directions,compared to the other samples.This hopes to provide useful information for optimizing the deformation parameters of the AZ42 alloys.
基金Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Clinical Research 5010 Program,Grant/Award Number:SYS-5010-202403Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2024A1515012811+1 种基金Sun Yat-sen Scientific Research Project,Grant/Award Number:YXQH202202Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2023B1111050003。
文摘Background:Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common degenerative joint disease character-ized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage.Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy,including mitophagy,have been implicated in OA pathogenesis.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNA)are emerging as key regulators in various cellular pro-cesses,but their roles in OA,particularly in chondrocytes,remain poorly understood.This study explores the involvement of lncRNA-GCH1 in regulating mitophagy and its impact on chondrocyte function and cartilage degradation in OA.Methods:Primary chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage tissues of OA pa-tients and healthy controls.lncRNA-GCH1 expression was assessed using RNA-seq,reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization.Functional assays,including Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,flow cytometry,and Western blotting,were used to evaluate the effects of lncRNA-GCH1 knockdown on chondrocyte proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,and mi-tophagy.Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring adenosine triphosphate production,reactive oxygen species levels,and mitochondrial membrane potential.In vivo,a murine OA model was used to examine the impact of lncRNA-GCH1 knock-down on cartilage degradation.Results:lncRNA-GCH1 was upregulated in OA chondrocytes and localized in the cy-toplasm.Knockdown of lncRNA-GCH1 enhanced cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle in G0/G1.It also suppressed mitophagy,improved mitochondrial function,and reduced matrix-degrading enzyme expression-effects that were reversed by rapa-mycin treatment.Meanwhile,lncRNA-GCH1 knockdown reduced PTEN-induced ki-nase 1(PINK1)aggregation and in vivo local inhibition of PINK1 diminished cartilage degradation.Conclusion:lncRNA-GCH1 regulates mitophagy in OA chondrocytes,influencing mi-tochondrial function and matrix degradation.Targeting lncRNA-GCH1 may offer a potential therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130310 and 41972055)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Subduction of oceanic plate is vital for carbon redistribution and recycling between Earth's surface and mantle,which plays a critical role in shaping carbon budgets and terrestrial habitability through geological time(e.g.,Plank and Manning,2019;Sverjensky et al.,2014;Dasgupta and Hirschmann,2010).The long-term subduction of Pacific/Paleo-Pacific Plate from Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic beneath Northeast China makes this area an ideal candidate for exploring ancient carbon recycling and its impact on Earth's surface environment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41672048,41802045)the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits ResearchNanjing University(No.ZZKT-201908)。
文摘Late Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern China has been widely considered to be related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.However,it remains controversial whether mafic rocks are derived from the lithosphere or the asthenosphere.Here we present a comprehensive study on mafic dikes from Fujian Province in southeastern China,aiming to understand their source.Two types of mafic rocks have been recognized based on their trace-element features.Type-Ⅰrocks show arc-like trace-elemental characteristics,while type-Ⅱrocks are distinguished by their relatively flat patterns in primitive-mantle-normalized trace-element diagram.Despite such differences between two types of rocks,these mafic dikes show two trends in the plots of^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(i)versus La/Nb,which can be explained by the influences of crustal contamination and melt-lithospheric mantle interaction,respectively.^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(i),La/Nb,Sr/Y and Zr/Y ratios of type-I rocks are significantly correlated to the thickness of the underlying lithosphere,and the signals of lithosphere are clearer with increasing lithospheric thickness.This highlights the important influences of melt-lithosphere interaction during their formation.Such observations also indicate that these mafic rocks are more likely to have been originated from the asthenosphere rather than the lithospheric mantle.
文摘The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFB3501001)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52061028,U21A2049,and 52061039)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20212BAB204049)Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University(IIFNCU)China(No.9166-27060003-ZD05)。
文摘Mg-Li alloys with high lithium concentrations possess a lightweight body-centered cubic(BCC)matrix structure(β-Li).Interspersed eutectics(primarily the reticulated I-phase)often form along phase boundaries(PBs)and grain boundaries(GBs)which strengthen the alloy but cause the loss of ductility due to the brittle behavior of I-phase.By modifying the Li content,we fabricated the(β+α)biphase Mg-Li alloy in which theα-Mg phase with a hexagonal close-packed structure(HCP)is embedded inβ-Li matrix,significantly increasing interface density.The high-density interfaces mitigate the distribution and dimension of the I-phase along GBs and PBs.The alloy exhibits enhanced ductility(elongation(EL)=17.8%)compared with the alloy without theα-Mg phase(EL=5.1%).Structural characterizations unveil the strengthening mechanism of the nanoscale B2(Li,Mg)3Zn-type precipitates in conjunction with the microscale I-phase.The(Li,Mg)3Zn nanophases augment the yield and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy without a discernible compromise in ductility,predominantly due to gliding dislocations cutting through the precipitates.In contrast,the microscale I-phase presents a formidable barrier to dislocation motion,facilitating dislocation pileups at interfaces and culminating in diminished ductility across the interface.In-situ stretching techniques were employed to scrutinize the microstructural evolution of alloys during tensile deformation,elucidating that the deformation compatibility of alloys correlates with the average size of the I-phase and their distribution along GBs and PBs.Corresponding to the orientation relationship(OR)between theα-Mg andβ-Li phases{110}Li//{0001}Mg and<ˉ111>Li//<11ˉ20>Mg,the slip continuity betweenα-Mg andβ-Li on plane pairs of{123}Li-{11ˉ22}Mg and{112}Li-{11ˉ22}Mg assures the deformation compatibility through facilitating the deformation across interfaces.Simultaneously,during the stretching process,the dispersed I-phase instigates the emergence of sporadic microcracks,indicating gradual damage evolution.These discoveries offer novel insights into achieving exceptional strength-ductility amalgamations in Mg-Li alloys through microstructural adjustments.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China under Grant 20115169016supported in part by the technique cooperation project of ZTE on Intelligent Video Analysis in 2012
文摘To tackle the problem of severe occlusions in visual tracking, we propose a hierarchical template-matching method based on a layered appearance model. This model integrates holistic- and part-region matching in order to locate an object in a coarse-to-fine manner. Furthermore, in order to reduce ambiguity in object localization, only the discriminative parts of an object＇ s appearance template are chosen for similarity computing with respect to their cornerness measurements. The similarity between parts is computed in a layer-wise manner, and from this, occlusions can be evaluated. When the object is partly occluded, it can be located accurately by matching candidate regions with the appearance template. When it is completely occluded, its location can be predicted from its historical motion information using a Kalman filter. The proposed tracker is tested on several practical image sequences, and the experimental results show that it can consistently provide accurate object location for stable tracking, even for severe occlusions.
文摘Several series of fluorene-based light-emitting polymers with the emphasis on achieving efficient and stable bluelight emission are reported. Spiro-functionalization may narrow the emission spectra (with smaller tail at Ionger wavelengths)of fluorene homopolymers to provide purer blue emission. The thermal spectral stability of the polymers could also beimproved because of the elevation of the glass transition temperature caused by the spiro-functionalization. However, theexcimer emission in fluorene homopolymers is not suppressed by the spiro-functionalization. Alternate copolymers of 9,9-dihexylfluorene and substituted phenylenes may emit efficient blue ligh both in solution and in film. The optical propertiesare dependent on the substituion on the phenylene ring. The alkoxy-substituted polymers displayed efficient PL and EL andgood thermal spectral stability. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers based on the backbone structure couldbe tuned in a wide range by attaching different functional groups on the phenylene ring. By attaching europium(III) complexat the ends of the side chains in the alternate copolymers, we have demonstrated a new approach to achieving red emissionwith a very narrow spectrum. The copolymers of 9,9-dihexylfluorene and thiophene and bithiophene with differentsubstitutions were also synthesized to study the effect of substitution and regioregularity on the optical and other physicalproperties of the polymers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3501001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52061028)the Major Research and Development Projects of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBE51021).
文摘Zirconium(Zr)emerges as the most effective grain refiner for magnesium(Mg)alloys incorporating Zr.Typically,Zr is introduced in the form of an Mg–Zr master alloy.However,within Mg–Zr master alloys,Zr predominantly exists in a particle form,which tends to aggregate due to attractive van der Waals forces.The clustered Zr is prone to settling,thereby reducing its refining impact on Mg alloys.In this work,a combined pretreatment process for Mg–Zr master alloys was proposed,encompassing the introduction of a physical field to intervene the agglomeration of particle Zr and the employ of high-temperature dissolution and peritectic reactions to promote the solid solution of Zr.The results demonstrate that the particle Zr within the pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy is effectively dispersed and refined,and greater solute Zr levels can be achieved.The subsequent grain refinement ability was studied on a typical Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr(wt%)alloy.The outcome highlights that an improvement in the grain refinement efficacy(32.4%)of Mg–Zr master alloys was obtained with a holding time of 60 min.The pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy significantly augments the efficiency of grain refinement for Mg alloys through a synergistic strategy involving heterogeneous nucleation and solute-driven growth restriction.The crucial factor in achieving effective grain refinement of Zr in Mg alloys lies in regulating the presence and morphology of Zr in the Mg–Zr master alloy,distinguishing between particle Zr and solute Zr.This study introduces a novel method for developing more efficient Mg–Zr refiners.
文摘Bronchobiliary fistula(BBF) is a pathologic channel between the biliary tract and bronchial tree. In general, congenital BBF is relatively rare in adult patients. There are a few case reports suggesting that BBF is mainly secondary to hepatobiliary diseases, such as biliary obstruction, tumor, surgery, or liver abscess, and liver tumor is the predominant causative factor [1]. In addition, with the increasing number of liver and biliary surgeries and interventional therapies in recent years, more cases of BBF were reported as a postoperative complication [ 2, 3 ]. In this case, we presented a patient who underwent interventional treatment for liver tumor and was treated for his respiratory symptoms but diagnosed with BBF finally. Here, we summarized the clinical features and main diagnostic procedures of the case, aiming to provide evidence for early identification and diagnosis of BBF.
文摘With the change of production and life style, the change of dietary structure and the aggravation of population aging, the incidence and fatality rate of diabetes mellitus have been increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of diabetes varies and is closely related to many factors, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, eating habits and so on. Those that endanger the life quality and survival of diabetic patients are mostly complications, including various macrovascular complications and microvascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy and diabetic foot. The related molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot are discussed in this paper to provide reference for new drug research and clinical treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0603804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41831174 and 41430528)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_1026)Guwei ZHANG was supported by the China Scholarship Council(NO.201908320503)。
文摘Extreme high temperature(EHT)events are among the most impact-related consequences related to climate change,especially for China,a nation with a large population that is vulnerable to the climate warming.Based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),this study assesses future EHT changes across China at five specific global warming thresholds(1.5℃-5℃).The results indicate that global mean temperature will increase by 1.5℃/2℃before 2030/2050 relative to pre-industrial levels(1861-1900)under three future scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5),and warming will occur faster under SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5.Under SSP5-8.5,global warming will eventually exceed 5℃by 2100,while under SSP1-2.6,it will stabilize around 2℃after 2050.In China,most of the areas where warming exceeds global average levels will be located in Tibet and northern China(Northwest China,North China and Northeast China),covering 50%-70%of the country.Furthermore,about 0.19-0.44 billion people(accounting for 16%-41%of the national population)will experience warming above the global average.Compared to present-day(1995-2014),the warmest day(TXx)will increase most notably in northern China,while the number of warm days(TX90p)and warm spell duration indicator(WSDI)will increase most profoundly in southern China.For example,relative to the present-day,TXx will increase by 1℃-5℃in northern China,and TX90p(WSDI)will increase by 25-150(10-80)days in southern China at 1.5℃-5℃global warming.Compared to 2℃-5℃,limiting global warming to 1.5℃will help avoid about 36%-87%of the EHT increases in China.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0603503 and 2017YFA0603804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41831174,41975109,and 41730963)UK–China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership(CSSP)China as part of the Newton Fund。
文摘The South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM)onset is characterized by rapid thermodynamical changes in the atmosphere that are critical to regional weather and climate processes.So far,few studies have focused on the changes in the associated cloud and radiative features.This study investigates spatiotemporal characteristics of topof-atmosphere(TOA)cloud radiative effects(CREs)before and after the SCSSM onset over the South China Sea(SCS)and South China(SC),based on the 2001–2016 Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES)Energy Balanced and Filled(EBAF)satellite data and ERA-Interim reanalysis data.Before the SCSSM onset,strong net CRE(NCRE)dominated by its cooling shortwave component occurs over SC,while descending motion and weak NCRE prevail over the SCS.In the SCSSM onset pentad,convection,high clouds,and longwave and shortwave CREs(LWCRE and SWCRE)abruptly increase over the southern and central SCS,and their high-value centers subsequently move northeastward and are strongly affected by the western Pacific subtropical high.The strong offset between LWCRE and SWCRE enables the NCRE intensity(TOA radiation budget)to be quite small(large)between the SCS and the western North Pacific after the SCSSM onset.In contrast,low–middle-level clouds and strong cooling SWCRE remain over SC after the SCSSM onset,but the increasing high clouds and LWCRE weaken(intensify)the regional NCRE(TOA radiation budget)intensity.These marked latitudinal differences in CREs between the SCS and SC primarily arise from their respective dominant cloud types and circulation conditions,which manifest the differences between the tropical SCSSM and subtropical East Asian monsoon processes.The results indicate that regional cloud fractions and CREs before and after the SCSSM onset are strongly modulated by quickly changed largescale circulation over the East Asian monsoon regions,and the spatiotemporal variation of CREs is a response to the monsoonal circulation adjustment to a large extent.
基金upported by a grant from the Capital Foundation of Medical Development(CN)(No.2020-3-4068).
文摘To the Editor:The aim of early pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)in the intensive care unit(ICU)is to reduce the incidence of post-ICU syndrome,increase the number of ventilator-free days,reestablish and improve functional capacity,improve health-related life quality,promote mental health,and enhance participation in everyday life.PR in the ICU is highly effective and plays an important role in recovery of patients with reduced exercise endurance,functional capacity,and health-related life quality.Several surveys outside China have assessed the implementation of early rehabilitation in the ICU,[1]but there are few data from China.This study aimed to investigate the awareness and implementation of early PR in secondary-and tertiary-class hospitals with pulmonary and critical care medicine(PCCM)standardized certification.PCCM staff members were recruited to fill out a selfdesigned questionnaire.We defined early PR as PR within 5 days of ICU admission.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Neutralization levels induced by inactivated vaccines rapidly wane after primary immunization,and a homologous booster can recall specific immune memory,resulting in a remarkable increase in antibody concentration.The optimal interval between primary and booster doses has yet to be determined.
