The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)...The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.展开更多
Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Cu...Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.展开更多
To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves...To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.展开更多
This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electric...This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.展开更多
To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evi...To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].展开更多
Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodi...Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.展开更多
The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. ...The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.展开更多
The primary clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA) is pain, yet considerable variability exists in the pain experience among OA patients. This narrative review aims to explore the mechanisms driving OA pain het...The primary clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA) is pain, yet considerable variability exists in the pain experience among OA patients. This narrative review aims to explore the mechanisms driving OA pain heterogeneity to inform the development of targeted interventions that improve treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) for papers published between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing pain mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in OA. This review identifies key mechanisms of OA pain, including joint alterations, angiogenesis, nervous system involvement, peripheral and central sensitization, and psychosocial factors. It highlights the underlying distinct mechanisms in OA pain, which contribute to the variability in individuals’ responses to treatment. It was suggested that interactions between neuroimmune and neurovascular systems are key contributors to chronic pain in OA. This narrative review emphasizes the complexity of OA pain, highlighting the importance of thoroughly understanding the underlying mechanisms for developing personalized and effective pain management strategies. Additional research is required to refine treatment approaches and explore long-term effects.展开更多
The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental colli...The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.展开更多
In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic ...In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic monitoring technique provides an effective solution for rockburst warning.However,due to the complexity and variability of the TBM excavation environment,microseismic events induced by rock fracture are often accompanied by interference events,such as electrical noise,TBM vibration,and mechanical knock.This study proposes a multi-channel intelligent classification approach for microseismic events in TBM excavation scenarios,based on double-layer stacking learning,to identify rock fractures.In this approach,decision tree is used as the base classifieron each microseismic channel,while extreme learning machine is employed as the meta-classifierto aggregate all base classifiers.Additionally,mind evolutionary computation is integrated to optimize the built-in hyperparameters of various classifiers.Meanwhile,a comprehensive preprocessing and augmentation flowfor microseismic data has been developed,encompassing feature extraction,dimensionality reduction,outlier detection,and outlier substitution.The results reveal that the multi-channel stacking model,which combines classificationand regression tree and extreme learning machine,achieves optimal global and local generalization performance compared to other multi-channel stacking models and traditional single-channel models.The accuracy,Hamming loss,and Cohen’s kappa are 96.75%,0.0325,and 0.9148,respectively,and the F_(1)-score and AUC on rock fracture events are 0.9366 and 0.9818,respectively.Finally,a generative artificialintelligence-based scheme is invented to enhance the robustness of the model for signal-mixing events.展开更多
Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hinde...Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress.In this work,we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts.We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system,encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes.Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes,cells,and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed.We also examine the effects of external factors,such as temperature,magnetic fields,and natural light,on OER measurements.The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques,including cyclic voltammetry(CV),potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(PEIS),Tafel slope analysis,and pulse voltammetry(PV).We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts.Based on these discussions,we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’performance.Finally,we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate an...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate and its risk factors in the natural population of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.AIM To understand the H.pylori infection and risk factors in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the prevention and control strategies.METHODS This study comprehensively collected the survey data on H.pylori infection in 15 regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling.A total of 4361 individuals from the general population were selected as research subjects,and questionnaire surveys and blood tests for H.pylori antibodies were conducted.RESULTS The overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 70.79%(3087/4361).The H.pylori infection rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The analysis of the H.pylori infection rates among different ethnic groups showed that the infection rates of ethnic minorities such as Uyghur,Kirgiz,and Tajik were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui ethnic groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that altitude,regular consumption of beef,mutton,dried nuts,barbecue foods,and drinking river water were positively correlated with the H.pylori infection rate.CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high,with obvious regional and ethnic differences,which are closely related to the sanitation conditions and eating habits.展开更多
Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine ...Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to...BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to substantial diagnostic delays.Prolonged delays(≥2 years from symptom onset)are associated with increased risks of complications like osteoporosis,small intestinal lymphoma,and reduced quality of life.AIM To estimate diagnostic delay prevalence and identify risk factors in Chinese CeD patients.METHODS We reviewed clinical records of 166 patients diagnosed with CeD from 2017 onward.Patient-attributed delays were measured from symptom onset to first consultation,while physician-related delays were measured from initial visit to diagnosis/treatment.Data on demographics,symptoms,time from onset to diagnosis,and laboratory results were analyzed.Logistic regression models were used to identify associations,while restricted cubic splines explored nonlinearities.Mediation analysis assessed the roles of intermediate factors in delayed diagnosis.RESULTS Delayed diagnosis(over 2 years from symptom onset)was observed in 42.2%of patients.Patients with diagnostic delay exceeding 5 years accounted for 18.7%.The mean interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 12.32 months,with an average of 20.57 months from the first visit to diagnosis.The time from first consultation to diagnosis significantly increased with prolonged delay(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was an independent risk factor(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.01–1.65,P=0.038).A nonlinear association was observed between BUN and delayed diagnosis,with a threshold of 4.3 mmol/L;the risk significantly increased above this threshold(OR=1.39,P=0.04).Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk effect of BUN was stronger in females,non-classical CeD patients,Kazak ethnic group members,individuals without vitamin D deficiency/anemia,and those with MarshⅢpathology(all P<0.05).Mediation analysis revealed that folic acid deficiency and anemia mediated 11.9%(P=0.028)and 13.0%(P=0.044)of the effect of BUN on diagnostic delay,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated BUN levels are independent predictors of diagnostic delay in CeD,with heterogeneity observed across gender,disease subtype,ethnicity,and pathological type.Clinicians should prioritize high-risk populations with BUN≥4.3 mmol/L,particularly female patients with non-classical CeD and Kazak individuals,to reduce diagnostic delay.展开更多
Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the ...Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the effects of CHS on long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and muscle injury in broilers,with a focus on its implications for meat quality.Results The results showed that CHS diminished breast muscle yield,elevated abdominal fat deposition,induced cellular apoptosis(P<0.05),and caused myofibrosis.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs when comparing the normal control(NC)and HS groups,214 DE lncRNAs when comparing the HS and PF groups,and 79 DE lncRNAs when comparing the NC and pair-fed(PF)groups.After eliminating the confounding effect of feed intake,68 lncRNAs were identified,primarily associated with cellular growth and death,signal transduc-tion,and metabolic regulation.Notably,the apoptosis-related pathway P53,lysosomes,and the fibrosis-related gene TGF-β2 were significantly upregulated by lncRNAs.Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic heat stress induces cellular apoptosis and muscle injury through lncRNA,leading to connective tissue accumulation,which likely contributes to reduced breast muscle yield and meat quality in broilers.展开更多
Rockburst is a common dynamic geological hazard,frequently occurring in underground engineering(e.g.,TBM tunnelling and deep mining).In order to achieve rockburst monitoring and warning,the microseismic moni-toring te...Rockburst is a common dynamic geological hazard,frequently occurring in underground engineering(e.g.,TBM tunnelling and deep mining).In order to achieve rockburst monitoring and warning,the microseismic moni-toring technique has been widely used in the field.However,the microseismic source location has always been a challenge,playing a vital role in the precise prevention and control of rockburst.To this end,this study proposes a novel microseismic source location model that considers the anisotropy of P-wave velocity.On the one hand,it assigns a unique P-wave velocity to each propagation path,abandoning the assumption of a homogeneous ve-locity field.On the other hand,it treats the P-wave velocity as a co-inversion parameter along with the source location,avoiding the predetermination of P-wave velocity.To solve this model,three various metaheuristic multi-objective optimization algorithms are integrated with it,including the whale optimization algorithm,the butterfly optimization algorithm,and the sparrow search algorithm.To demonstrate the advantages of the model in terms of localization accuracy,localization efficiency,and solution stability,four blasting cases are collected from a water diversion tunnel project in Xinjiang,China.Finally,the effect of the number of involved sensors on the microseismic source location is discussed.展开更多
Background:The inability of damaged neurons to regenerate and of axons to estab-lish new functional connections leads to permanent functional deficits after spinal cord injury(SCI).Although astrocyte reprogramming hol...Background:The inability of damaged neurons to regenerate and of axons to estab-lish new functional connections leads to permanent functional deficits after spinal cord injury(SCI).Although astrocyte reprogramming holds promise for neurorepair in various disease models,it is not sufficient on its own to achieve significant functional recovery.Methods:A rat SCI model was established using a spinal cord impactor.Seven days postsurgery,adeno-associated virus were injected to overexpress the transcription factors NeuroD1 and Neurogenin-2(Ngn2)in the spinal cord.The rats were then trained to walk on a weight-supported treadmill for 4 weeks,starting 14 days after modeling.The effects of these interventions on motor and sensory functions,as well as spinal cord tissue repair,were subsequently evaluated.Results:The combination of NeuroD1 and Ngn2 overexpression with weight-supported exercise training significantly improved gait compared to either inter-vention alone.The group receiving the combined intervention exhibited enhanced sensitivity in sensory assessments.Immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased colocalization of astrocytes and microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neurons in the injury area.These effects were more pronounced than those observed with spinal cord tissue repair alone.Additionally,the combined intervention significantly reduced glial scarring and the size of the injury area.Conclusion:Exercise intervention enhances the reprogramming effects of astrocytes and restores motor function,yielding better results than either intervention alone.展开更多
Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated st...Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated structures. Acute abdomen during pregnancy represents one of the most challenging critical conditions in obstetrics, with its morbidity and mortality rates consistently ranking among the leading causes of maternal death. In recent years, with population aging and an increasing proportion of advanced-age pregnancies, the incidence of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen has shown an upward trend. This study systematically analyzes the primary etiologies, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of acute abdomen during pregnancy while exploring the effectiveness of preventive measures. Research indicates that pregnancy-specific anatomical and physiological changes, environmental factors, and genetic background play crucial roles in disease occurrence. The establishment of a comprehensive prevention system, including pre-pregnancy assessment, gestational monitoring, and emergency response planning, can significantly reduce incidence rates. Multi-center clinical data analysis demonstrates that early identification of risk factors, standardized prenatal examinations, and establishment of rapid diagnosis and treatment channels are key to improving successful treatment rates. This study provides new insights and methodologies for reducing the incidence and mortality rates of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen, holding significant implications for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174366)Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(WK3450000005)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC93).
文摘The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.
文摘Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.
文摘To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB35010202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62275268)。
文摘This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.
文摘To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274313,62275184,and 62411540033)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Suzhou Basic Research Project(Grant No.SJC2023003)+1 种基金the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.ZXL2024400)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.
基金support of Ningbo Fareast Tech Catalyst Engineering Co.,Ltd,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478275)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-TD014).
文摘The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.
基金supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(No.APP1176298).
文摘The primary clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis (OA) is pain, yet considerable variability exists in the pain experience among OA patients. This narrative review aims to explore the mechanisms driving OA pain heterogeneity to inform the development of targeted interventions that improve treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) for papers published between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing pain mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in OA. This review identifies key mechanisms of OA pain, including joint alterations, angiogenesis, nervous system involvement, peripheral and central sensitization, and psychosocial factors. It highlights the underlying distinct mechanisms in OA pain, which contribute to the variability in individuals’ responses to treatment. It was suggested that interactions between neuroimmune and neurovascular systems are key contributors to chronic pain in OA. This narrative review emphasizes the complexity of OA pain, highlighting the importance of thoroughly understanding the underlying mechanisms for developing personalized and effective pain management strategies. Additional research is required to refine treatment approaches and explore long-term effects.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872235, 42172236, and 41872233)Double First-Class University Construction Special Project of Shaanxi (Grant No. 300111240014)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant Nos. 300102270202, 202110710062, 300103183081, 300108231154, S202410710285, and 300102274808)
文摘The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42472351 and 42177140)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.YESS20230742).
文摘In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic monitoring technique provides an effective solution for rockburst warning.However,due to the complexity and variability of the TBM excavation environment,microseismic events induced by rock fracture are often accompanied by interference events,such as electrical noise,TBM vibration,and mechanical knock.This study proposes a multi-channel intelligent classification approach for microseismic events in TBM excavation scenarios,based on double-layer stacking learning,to identify rock fractures.In this approach,decision tree is used as the base classifieron each microseismic channel,while extreme learning machine is employed as the meta-classifierto aggregate all base classifiers.Additionally,mind evolutionary computation is integrated to optimize the built-in hyperparameters of various classifiers.Meanwhile,a comprehensive preprocessing and augmentation flowfor microseismic data has been developed,encompassing feature extraction,dimensionality reduction,outlier detection,and outlier substitution.The results reveal that the multi-channel stacking model,which combines classificationand regression tree and extreme learning machine,achieves optimal global and local generalization performance compared to other multi-channel stacking models and traditional single-channel models.The accuracy,Hamming loss,and Cohen’s kappa are 96.75%,0.0325,and 0.9148,respectively,and the F_(1)-score and AUC on rock fracture events are 0.9366 and 0.9818,respectively.Finally,a generative artificialintelligence-based scheme is invented to enhance the robustness of the model for signal-mixing events.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20822041H4082)。
文摘Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress.In this work,we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts.We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system,encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes.Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes,cells,and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed.We also examine the effects of external factors,such as temperature,magnetic fields,and natural light,on OER measurements.The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques,including cyclic voltammetry(CV),potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(PEIS),Tafel slope analysis,and pulse voltammetry(PV).We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts.Based on these discussions,we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’performance.Finally,we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.
基金Supported by Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project,No.ZYYD2024JD11 and No.ZYYD2022A06Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,No.2024D01C76.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate and its risk factors in the natural population of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.AIM To understand the H.pylori infection and risk factors in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the prevention and control strategies.METHODS This study comprehensively collected the survey data on H.pylori infection in 15 regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling.A total of 4361 individuals from the general population were selected as research subjects,and questionnaire surveys and blood tests for H.pylori antibodies were conducted.RESULTS The overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 70.79%(3087/4361).The H.pylori infection rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The analysis of the H.pylori infection rates among different ethnic groups showed that the infection rates of ethnic minorities such as Uyghur,Kirgiz,and Tajik were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui ethnic groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that altitude,regular consumption of beef,mutton,dried nuts,barbecue foods,and drinking river water were positively correlated with the H.pylori infection rate.CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high,with obvious regional and ethnic differences,which are closely related to the sanitation conditions and eating habits.
基金Supported by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.
文摘Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang AutSupported by Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,No.2023D01C76Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project,No.ZYYD2024JD1。
文摘BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to substantial diagnostic delays.Prolonged delays(≥2 years from symptom onset)are associated with increased risks of complications like osteoporosis,small intestinal lymphoma,and reduced quality of life.AIM To estimate diagnostic delay prevalence and identify risk factors in Chinese CeD patients.METHODS We reviewed clinical records of 166 patients diagnosed with CeD from 2017 onward.Patient-attributed delays were measured from symptom onset to first consultation,while physician-related delays were measured from initial visit to diagnosis/treatment.Data on demographics,symptoms,time from onset to diagnosis,and laboratory results were analyzed.Logistic regression models were used to identify associations,while restricted cubic splines explored nonlinearities.Mediation analysis assessed the roles of intermediate factors in delayed diagnosis.RESULTS Delayed diagnosis(over 2 years from symptom onset)was observed in 42.2%of patients.Patients with diagnostic delay exceeding 5 years accounted for 18.7%.The mean interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 12.32 months,with an average of 20.57 months from the first visit to diagnosis.The time from first consultation to diagnosis significantly increased with prolonged delay(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was an independent risk factor(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.01–1.65,P=0.038).A nonlinear association was observed between BUN and delayed diagnosis,with a threshold of 4.3 mmol/L;the risk significantly increased above this threshold(OR=1.39,P=0.04).Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk effect of BUN was stronger in females,non-classical CeD patients,Kazak ethnic group members,individuals without vitamin D deficiency/anemia,and those with MarshⅢpathology(all P<0.05).Mediation analysis revealed that folic acid deficiency and anemia mediated 11.9%(P=0.028)and 13.0%(P=0.044)of the effect of BUN on diagnostic delay,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated BUN levels are independent predictors of diagnostic delay in CeD,with heterogeneity observed across gender,disease subtype,ethnicity,and pathological type.Clinicians should prioritize high-risk populations with BUN≥4.3 mmol/L,particularly female patients with non-classical CeD and Kazak individuals,to reduce diagnostic delay.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072780,31872374)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500501,2018YFD0500405)Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2024]).
文摘Background Chronic heat stress(CHS)is a detrimental environmental stressor with a negative impact on the meat quality of broilers.However,the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.This study investigates the effects of CHS on long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and muscle injury in broilers,with a focus on its implications for meat quality.Results The results showed that CHS diminished breast muscle yield,elevated abdominal fat deposition,induced cellular apoptosis(P<0.05),and caused myofibrosis.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs when comparing the normal control(NC)and HS groups,214 DE lncRNAs when comparing the HS and PF groups,and 79 DE lncRNAs when comparing the NC and pair-fed(PF)groups.After eliminating the confounding effect of feed intake,68 lncRNAs were identified,primarily associated with cellular growth and death,signal transduc-tion,and metabolic regulation.Notably,the apoptosis-related pathway P53,lysosomes,and the fibrosis-related gene TGF-β2 were significantly upregulated by lncRNAs.Conclusions These findings indicate that chronic heat stress induces cellular apoptosis and muscle injury through lncRNA,leading to connective tissue accumulation,which likely contributes to reduced breast muscle yield and meat quality in broilers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China under Grant Nos.42472351,42177140,52404127,and 42207235the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province under Grant No.2024AFD359+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST under Grant No.YESS20230742the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Program under Grant No.2024T170684.
文摘Rockburst is a common dynamic geological hazard,frequently occurring in underground engineering(e.g.,TBM tunnelling and deep mining).In order to achieve rockburst monitoring and warning,the microseismic moni-toring technique has been widely used in the field.However,the microseismic source location has always been a challenge,playing a vital role in the precise prevention and control of rockburst.To this end,this study proposes a novel microseismic source location model that considers the anisotropy of P-wave velocity.On the one hand,it assigns a unique P-wave velocity to each propagation path,abandoning the assumption of a homogeneous ve-locity field.On the other hand,it treats the P-wave velocity as a co-inversion parameter along with the source location,avoiding the predetermination of P-wave velocity.To solve this model,three various metaheuristic multi-objective optimization algorithms are integrated with it,including the whale optimization algorithm,the butterfly optimization algorithm,and the sparrow search algorithm.To demonstrate the advantages of the model in terms of localization accuracy,localization efficiency,and solution stability,four blasting cases are collected from a water diversion tunnel project in Xinjiang,China.Finally,the effect of the number of involved sensors on the microseismic source location is discussed.
文摘Background:The inability of damaged neurons to regenerate and of axons to estab-lish new functional connections leads to permanent functional deficits after spinal cord injury(SCI).Although astrocyte reprogramming holds promise for neurorepair in various disease models,it is not sufficient on its own to achieve significant functional recovery.Methods:A rat SCI model was established using a spinal cord impactor.Seven days postsurgery,adeno-associated virus were injected to overexpress the transcription factors NeuroD1 and Neurogenin-2(Ngn2)in the spinal cord.The rats were then trained to walk on a weight-supported treadmill for 4 weeks,starting 14 days after modeling.The effects of these interventions on motor and sensory functions,as well as spinal cord tissue repair,were subsequently evaluated.Results:The combination of NeuroD1 and Ngn2 overexpression with weight-supported exercise training significantly improved gait compared to either inter-vention alone.The group receiving the combined intervention exhibited enhanced sensitivity in sensory assessments.Immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased colocalization of astrocytes and microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neurons in the injury area.These effects were more pronounced than those observed with spinal cord tissue repair alone.Additionally,the combined intervention significantly reduced glial scarring and the size of the injury area.Conclusion:Exercise intervention enhances the reprogramming effects of astrocytes and restores motor function,yielding better results than either intervention alone.
文摘Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated structures. Acute abdomen during pregnancy represents one of the most challenging critical conditions in obstetrics, with its morbidity and mortality rates consistently ranking among the leading causes of maternal death. In recent years, with population aging and an increasing proportion of advanced-age pregnancies, the incidence of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen has shown an upward trend. This study systematically analyzes the primary etiologies, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of acute abdomen during pregnancy while exploring the effectiveness of preventive measures. Research indicates that pregnancy-specific anatomical and physiological changes, environmental factors, and genetic background play crucial roles in disease occurrence. The establishment of a comprehensive prevention system, including pre-pregnancy assessment, gestational monitoring, and emergency response planning, can significantly reduce incidence rates. Multi-center clinical data analysis demonstrates that early identification of risk factors, standardized prenatal examinations, and establishment of rapid diagnosis and treatment channels are key to improving successful treatment rates. This study provides new insights and methodologies for reducing the incidence and mortality rates of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen, holding significant implications for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
