Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological condition characterized by the permanent loss of nerve cell function and a failure in neural circuit reconstruction-key factors contributing to disability.Therefore,explorin...Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological condition characterized by the permanent loss of nerve cell function and a failure in neural circuit reconstruction-key factors contributing to disability.Therefore,exploring effective strategies to promote the repair and regeneration of nerve cells after spinal cord injury is crucial for optimizing patient prognosis.The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth review of the pathological changes in nerve cells after spinal cord injury and to present the state of research on the role of exercise training in promoting the repair and regeneration of nerve cells after spinal cord injury.In terms of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons,disruptions in the dynamic balance between growth cones and the cytoskeleton,the dysregulation of transcription factors,abnormal protein signaling transduction,and altered epigenetic modifications collectively hinder axonal regeneration.Additionally,the microenvironment of neurons undergoes a series of complex changes,initially manifesting as edema,which may be exacerbated by spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,further increasing the extent of nerve cell damage.The abnormal proliferation of astrocytes leads to the formation of glial scars,creating a physical barrier to nerve regeneration.The inflammatory response triggered by the excessive activation of microglia negatively impacts the process of nerve repair.Non-invasive interventions involving exercise training have shown significant potential in promoting nerve repair as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for spinal cord injury.Specifically,exercise training can reshape the growth cone and cytoskeletal structures of neurons,regulate transcription factor activity,modulate protein signaling pathways,and influence epigenetic modifications,thereby activating the intrinsic repair mechanisms of neurons.Moreover,exercise training can regulate the activation state of astrocytes,optimize the inflammatory response and metabolic processes,promote astrocyte polarization,enhance angiogenesis,reduce glial scar formation,and modulate the expression levels of nerve growth factors.It also effectively helps regulate microglial activation,promotes axonal regeneration,and improves phagocytic function,thereby optimizing the microenvironment for nerve repair.In terms of clinical translation,we summarize the preliminary results of new drug research and development efforts,the development of innovative devices,and the use of exercise training in promoting clinical advancements in nerve repair following spinal cord injury,while considering their limitations and future application prospects.In summary,this review systematically analyzes findings relating to the pathological changes occurring in nerve cells after spinal cord injury and emphasizes the critical role of exercise training in facilitating the repair and regeneration of nerve cells.This work is expected to provide new ideas and methods for the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and ma...Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and magnetic field enhanced-electrochemical activity remains to be fully elucidated.Herein,single-domain CoFe_(2)O_(4) catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancies(CFO-V_(O)) were synthesized to probe how V_(O) mediates magnetism and OER activity under magnetic field.The introduction of V_(O) can simultaneously modulate saturation magnetization(M_(s)) and coercivity(H_(c)),where the increased M_(s) dominates the magnetic field-enhanced OER activity.Under a 14,000 G magnetic field,the optimized CFO-V_(O) exhibits up to 16.1 % reduction in overpotential and 365 % enhancement in magnetocurrent(MC).Electrochemical analyses and post-OER characterization reveal that the magnetic field synergistically improves OER kinetics through lattice distortion induction,magnetohydrodynamic effect,and spin charge transfer effect.Importantly,the magnetic field promotes additional Co^(3+) generation to compensate for charge imbalance caused by V_(O) filling,maintaining dynamic equilibrium of V_(O) and effective reactant adsorption-conversion processes.This work unveils the synergistic mechanism of V_(O) and magnetic parameters for enhancing OER performance under the magnetic field,providing new insights into the design of high-efficiency spinregulated OER catalysts.展开更多
Many hydropower projects have been constructed in Southwest China with the strategic goal of achieving carbon neutrality.Most of these hydropower projects utilize concrete face rockfilldams(CFRDs)built on a deep overb...Many hydropower projects have been constructed in Southwest China with the strategic goal of achieving carbon neutrality.Most of these hydropower projects utilize concrete face rockfilldams(CFRDs)built on a deep overburden layer.The deep overburden layer causes uneven settlement between the overburden layer and the dam,which poses a serious threat to the safety of both the construction and operation of the dam.In this study,microseismic(MS)monitoring technology was employed for the firsttime in the fieldof dam fillingengineering,allowing for the real-time monitoring of microfracture in the bedrock during dam construction.The time-frequency analysis method was used to summarize the MS waveform characteristics induced by dam filling.The fracture mechanism of bedrock was revealed,and the relationships among slope deformation,dam settlement,and MS activity were analyzed.The following research results have been obtained.The MS signal induced by dam fillinghas low energy and amplitude,short duration,and high frequency.The fracture of the bedrock was mainly shear failure.MS monitoring can predict deformation during blasting excavation and capture the large settlement that may occur during dam fillingin advance.Research findingshave demonstrated the significantapplication value of MS monitoring technology in predicting the risk of dam settlement and provide a reference for similar projects.展开更多
The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is suscept...The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two group...Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two groups, 30 cases in the treatment group, 28 cases in the control group. Patients in two groups were treated with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, the treatment group was treated with the Yupingfeng granules through oral administration, 10 g/time, tid for 2 courses. The serum Foxp3+ Treg markers of each group were detected by flow cytometry assay before treatment and after treatment, and the level of HA in serum was detected by radio immunoassay. Results: After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the contents of Foxp3+ Treg and HA were significantly decreased in two groups(P<0.05), and the decrease of treatment group was more significantly(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Foxp3+ Treg and HA(P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of side effects in two groups was significantly decreased. And there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions: Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy with Yupingfeng treatment can decrease the levles of Foxp3+ Treg and HA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Yupingfeng can also effectively reduce the side effect due to radiation and chemotherapy.展开更多
The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)...The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.展开更多
Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Cu...Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.展开更多
To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves...To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.展开更多
This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electric...This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.展开更多
To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evi...To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].展开更多
Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodi...Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.展开更多
1.Introduction As the planets closest to the outer edge of the solar system,Uranus and Neptune,namely that of ice giants,retained a significant amount of gas from the early stages of the solar system's formation.T...1.Introduction As the planets closest to the outer edge of the solar system,Uranus and Neptune,namely that of ice giants,retained a significant amount of gas from the early stages of the solar system's formation.This gas contains the physical conditions of the protostellar cloud and position information about planet formation,making ice giants important prototypes for studying both the solar system and exoplanets.展开更多
The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. ...The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.展开更多
With the European Union(EU)introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),accurately forecasting EU carbon price is crucial for exporters to estimate export costs,plan low-carbon strategies,and mitigate trad...With the European Union(EU)introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),accurately forecasting EU carbon price is crucial for exporters to estimate export costs,plan low-carbon strategies,and mitigate trade risks.In the petroleum sector,carbon pricing directly influences upstream investment returns and carbon intensity targets,thereby closely linking emissions markets with fossil energy strategies.Existing models often fail to fully capture the nonlinear,non-stationary nature of carbon prices and their dependence on external factors.This study proposes a novel hybrid framework that combines improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(ICEEMDAN)with gated recurrent unit-convolutional neural network-long short-term memory network-Bayesian optimization(GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO).Empirical results based on the EU emissions trading system(ETS)market demonstrate that the proposed model significantly improves forecasting accuracy.Among all experiments,the proposed GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO framework achieves the best performance,yielding the lowest MAE(1.3872),RMSE(1.7038),MAPE(0.0166),and MSPE(0.0004),as well as the highest R2(0.9400).Compared to all benchmark models,the GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO model achieves reductions in MAE and RMSE ranging from 5.38%to 63.65%and 8.97%to 64.41%,respectively.To further validate the generalization ability and predictive performance of the proposed model,it is also applied to China's ETS.The results show that the GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO model also performs very well in China's ETS.展开更多
The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental colli...The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81641048Research Project of Yan’an University,No.2023JBZR-011(both to LZ).
文摘Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological condition characterized by the permanent loss of nerve cell function and a failure in neural circuit reconstruction-key factors contributing to disability.Therefore,exploring effective strategies to promote the repair and regeneration of nerve cells after spinal cord injury is crucial for optimizing patient prognosis.The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth review of the pathological changes in nerve cells after spinal cord injury and to present the state of research on the role of exercise training in promoting the repair and regeneration of nerve cells after spinal cord injury.In terms of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons,disruptions in the dynamic balance between growth cones and the cytoskeleton,the dysregulation of transcription factors,abnormal protein signaling transduction,and altered epigenetic modifications collectively hinder axonal regeneration.Additionally,the microenvironment of neurons undergoes a series of complex changes,initially manifesting as edema,which may be exacerbated by spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,further increasing the extent of nerve cell damage.The abnormal proliferation of astrocytes leads to the formation of glial scars,creating a physical barrier to nerve regeneration.The inflammatory response triggered by the excessive activation of microglia negatively impacts the process of nerve repair.Non-invasive interventions involving exercise training have shown significant potential in promoting nerve repair as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for spinal cord injury.Specifically,exercise training can reshape the growth cone and cytoskeletal structures of neurons,regulate transcription factor activity,modulate protein signaling pathways,and influence epigenetic modifications,thereby activating the intrinsic repair mechanisms of neurons.Moreover,exercise training can regulate the activation state of astrocytes,optimize the inflammatory response and metabolic processes,promote astrocyte polarization,enhance angiogenesis,reduce glial scar formation,and modulate the expression levels of nerve growth factors.It also effectively helps regulate microglial activation,promotes axonal regeneration,and improves phagocytic function,thereby optimizing the microenvironment for nerve repair.In terms of clinical translation,we summarize the preliminary results of new drug research and development efforts,the development of innovative devices,and the use of exercise training in promoting clinical advancements in nerve repair following spinal cord injury,while considering their limitations and future application prospects.In summary,this review systematically analyzes findings relating to the pathological changes occurring in nerve cells after spinal cord injury and emphasizes the critical role of exercise training in facilitating the repair and regeneration of nerve cells.This work is expected to provide new ideas and methods for the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
基金supported by the “Climbing Plan” of Harbin Normal University (No.XKB202301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21871065 and 22071038)。
文摘Magnetic field-driven spin polarization modulation has emerged as an effective way to boost the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the correlation among catalyst structure,magnetic property,and magnetic field enhanced-electrochemical activity remains to be fully elucidated.Herein,single-domain CoFe_(2)O_(4) catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancies(CFO-V_(O)) were synthesized to probe how V_(O) mediates magnetism and OER activity under magnetic field.The introduction of V_(O) can simultaneously modulate saturation magnetization(M_(s)) and coercivity(H_(c)),where the increased M_(s) dominates the magnetic field-enhanced OER activity.Under a 14,000 G magnetic field,the optimized CFO-V_(O) exhibits up to 16.1 % reduction in overpotential and 365 % enhancement in magnetocurrent(MC).Electrochemical analyses and post-OER characterization reveal that the magnetic field synergistically improves OER kinetics through lattice distortion induction,magnetohydrodynamic effect,and spin charge transfer effect.Importantly,the magnetic field promotes additional Co^(3+) generation to compensate for charge imbalance caused by V_(O) filling,maintaining dynamic equilibrium of V_(O) and effective reactant adsorption-conversion processes.This work unveils the synergistic mechanism of V_(O) and magnetic parameters for enhancing OER performance under the magnetic field,providing new insights into the design of high-efficiency spinregulated OER catalysts.
基金support from the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177143)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A2060).
文摘Many hydropower projects have been constructed in Southwest China with the strategic goal of achieving carbon neutrality.Most of these hydropower projects utilize concrete face rockfilldams(CFRDs)built on a deep overburden layer.The deep overburden layer causes uneven settlement between the overburden layer and the dam,which poses a serious threat to the safety of both the construction and operation of the dam.In this study,microseismic(MS)monitoring technology was employed for the firsttime in the fieldof dam fillingengineering,allowing for the real-time monitoring of microfracture in the bedrock during dam construction.The time-frequency analysis method was used to summarize the MS waveform characteristics induced by dam filling.The fracture mechanism of bedrock was revealed,and the relationships among slope deformation,dam settlement,and MS activity were analyzed.The following research results have been obtained.The MS signal induced by dam fillinghas low energy and amplitude,short duration,and high frequency.The fracture of the bedrock was mainly shear failure.MS monitoring can predict deformation during blasting excavation and capture the large settlement that may occur during dam fillingin advance.Research findingshave demonstrated the significantapplication value of MS monitoring technology in predicting the risk of dam settlement and provide a reference for similar projects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379044,22472053)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23520710700)+6 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22239001)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-5)the ShanghaiMunicipal Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD01251505,JKVD1251041)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20250071)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials(18DZ2252400)the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.
基金supported by National Natural Fund(81260156)Health Fund of Hainan Province(2012PT-29)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two groups, 30 cases in the treatment group, 28 cases in the control group. Patients in two groups were treated with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, the treatment group was treated with the Yupingfeng granules through oral administration, 10 g/time, tid for 2 courses. The serum Foxp3+ Treg markers of each group were detected by flow cytometry assay before treatment and after treatment, and the level of HA in serum was detected by radio immunoassay. Results: After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the contents of Foxp3+ Treg and HA were significantly decreased in two groups(P<0.05), and the decrease of treatment group was more significantly(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Foxp3+ Treg and HA(P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of side effects in two groups was significantly decreased. And there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions: Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy with Yupingfeng treatment can decrease the levles of Foxp3+ Treg and HA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Yupingfeng can also effectively reduce the side effect due to radiation and chemotherapy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174366)Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(WK3450000005)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC93).
文摘The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.
文摘Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.
文摘To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB35010202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62275268)。
文摘This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.
文摘To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274313,62275184,and 62411540033)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Suzhou Basic Research Project(Grant No.SJC2023003)+1 种基金the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.ZXL2024400)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.
文摘1.Introduction As the planets closest to the outer edge of the solar system,Uranus and Neptune,namely that of ice giants,retained a significant amount of gas from the early stages of the solar system's formation.This gas contains the physical conditions of the protostellar cloud and position information about planet formation,making ice giants important prototypes for studying both the solar system and exoplanets.
基金support of Ningbo Fareast Tech Catalyst Engineering Co.,Ltd,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478275)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-TD014).
文摘The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72401011).
文摘With the European Union(EU)introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),accurately forecasting EU carbon price is crucial for exporters to estimate export costs,plan low-carbon strategies,and mitigate trade risks.In the petroleum sector,carbon pricing directly influences upstream investment returns and carbon intensity targets,thereby closely linking emissions markets with fossil energy strategies.Existing models often fail to fully capture the nonlinear,non-stationary nature of carbon prices and their dependence on external factors.This study proposes a novel hybrid framework that combines improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(ICEEMDAN)with gated recurrent unit-convolutional neural network-long short-term memory network-Bayesian optimization(GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO).Empirical results based on the EU emissions trading system(ETS)market demonstrate that the proposed model significantly improves forecasting accuracy.Among all experiments,the proposed GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO framework achieves the best performance,yielding the lowest MAE(1.3872),RMSE(1.7038),MAPE(0.0166),and MSPE(0.0004),as well as the highest R2(0.9400).Compared to all benchmark models,the GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO model achieves reductions in MAE and RMSE ranging from 5.38%to 63.65%and 8.97%to 64.41%,respectively.To further validate the generalization ability and predictive performance of the proposed model,it is also applied to China's ETS.The results show that the GRU-CNN-LSTM-BO model also performs very well in China's ETS.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872235, 42172236, and 41872233)Double First-Class University Construction Special Project of Shaanxi (Grant No. 300111240014)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant Nos. 300102270202, 202110710062, 300103183081, 300108231154, S202410710285, and 300102274808)
文摘The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.
