Ferroptosis is a newly proposed type of programmed cell death,which has been associated with a variety of diseases including tumors.Researchers have thereby presented nanoplatforms to mediate ferroptosis for anti-canc...Ferroptosis is a newly proposed type of programmed cell death,which has been associated with a variety of diseases including tumors.Researchers have thereby presented nanoplatforms to mediate ferroptosis for anti-cancer therapy.However,the development of ferroptosis-based nanotherapeutics is generally hindered by the limited penetration depth in tumors,poor active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)loading content and the systemic toxicity.Herein,self-propelled ferroptosis nanoinducers composed of two endogenous proteins,glucose oxidase and ferritin,are presented to show enhanced tumor inhibition via ferroptosis while maintaining high API and biocompatibility.The accumulation of our proteomotors at tumor regions is facilitated by the active tumor-targeting effect of ferritin.The enhanced diffusion of proteomotors is then actuated by efficiently decomposing glucose into gluconic acid and H_(2)O_(2),leading to deeper penetration and enhanced uptake into tumors.Under the synergistic effect of glucose oxidase and ferritin,the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and GSH is damaged,leading to lipid peroxidation.As a result,by inducing ferroptosis,our self-propelled ferroptosis nanoinducers exhibit enhanced tumor inhibitory effects.This work paves a way for the construction of a biocompatible anticancer platform with enhanced diffusion utilizing only two endogenous proteins,centered around the concept of ferroptosis.展开更多
Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-ra...Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms(PDGNENs)is dismal and related research is limited.AIM To investigate the prognostic factors,and validate a novel prognos...BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms(PDGNENs)is dismal and related research is limited.AIM To investigate the prognostic factors,and validate a novel prognostic nomogram for PDGNEN patients.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using clinical and pathological data from PDGNEN patients treated at the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2000 to June 2023.Overall survival(OS)differences were assessed with the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Cox regression analysis identified independent risk factors for prognosis.Model performance was evaluated using Harrell’s concordance index,receiver operating characteristic analysis,area under the curve,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(UDC),including the area under the UDC.RESULTS The study included 336 patients(227 with neuroendocrine carcinoma and 109 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma).The average age was 62.7 years.The cohort comprised 80(24.7%)patients in stage I,146(42.9%)in stage II,62(18.1%)in stage III,and 48(14.3%)in stage IV.Significant differences in OS were observed across tumor-node-metastasis stages(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed age,Ki-67 index,invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as independent risk factors.We developed a nomogram with a concordance index of 0.779(95%confidence interval:0.743-0.858).Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed area under the curves for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS predictions of 0.865,0.850,and 0.890,respectively.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement with actual outcomes.The area under the UDC for the nomogram vs the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis staging system were 0.047 vs 0.027,0.291 vs 0.179,and 0.376 vs 0.216 for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS,respectively.CONCLUSION PDGNENs are predominantly found in older men,often in advanced stages at diagnosis,resulting in poor prognosis.The established nomogram demonstrates strong predictive capability and clinical utility.展开更多
Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead...Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.展开更多
This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle ...This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution emissions.The results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle pollution.Monitoring data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission standards.However,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is necessary.Based on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle emissions.If a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.展开更多
As an important river in the western part of Jilin Province,the lower reach of the Nenjiang River is an important wetland water source conservation area in Jilin Province.Within the watershed,it governs the Momoge Wet...As an important river in the western part of Jilin Province,the lower reach of the Nenjiang River is an important wetland water source conservation area in Jilin Province.Within the watershed,it governs the Momoge Wetland,the Xianghai Wetland,and the Danjiang Wetland in Jilin Province.The main problem in the lower reaches of the Nenjiang River is the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space,and the intensification of land salinization.Zhenlai County and Da an City in the Nenjiang River Basin have sufficient surface water resources,with surface water as the drinking water source.Baicheng City and Tongyu County have scarce surface water resources,and both use groundwater as their domestic water source.The main polluted section in the basin is the Xianghai Reservoir,and the annual water quality evaluation is Class V.However,the water quality of the Tao er River,the main stream of the Nenjiang River,is significantly better than that of the Xianghai Reservoir.In order to better study the water environmental pollution situation in the Nenjiang River basin,monitoring data from five sections of non seasonal rivers in the basin from 2012 to 2021 were selected for studying water quality.This in-depth exploration of the water pollution status and river water quality change trends in the Nenjiang River basin is of great significance for future rural development,agricultural pattern transformation,and the promotion of water ecological civilization construction.展开更多
以“凤丹”牡丹鲜花为原料,研究酶处理制备牡丹鲜花汁工艺;采用高效液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS)...以“凤丹”牡丹鲜花为原料,研究酶处理制备牡丹鲜花汁工艺;采用高效液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS)联用技术分析牡丹鲜花汁中化学物质。结果表明,由果胶酶、纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶组成的复合酶制剂(质量比1∶2∶1)能提高牡丹鲜花出汁率,达22.3%。复合酶处理的条件为∶酶添加量0.15%(质量分数),酶解温度50℃,酶解时间90 min。鉴定了牡丹鲜花汁中的20个主要成分,包括3个有机酸、8个酚酸、7个黄酮以及2个单萜糖苷。酚酸和黄酮苷是牡丹鲜花汁中主要活性成分,主要以没食子酸、没食子酰葡萄糖、没食子酰单宁、芹菜素葡萄糖苷、芹菜素新橘皮糖苷和山奈酚二葡萄糖苷等形式存在。研究结果为牡丹鲜花制汁方法以及牡丹鲜花液态功能食品开发提供理论依据。展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1206900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175083,82204415,51973241,22375224)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515220187)。
文摘Ferroptosis is a newly proposed type of programmed cell death,which has been associated with a variety of diseases including tumors.Researchers have thereby presented nanoplatforms to mediate ferroptosis for anti-cancer therapy.However,the development of ferroptosis-based nanotherapeutics is generally hindered by the limited penetration depth in tumors,poor active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)loading content and the systemic toxicity.Herein,self-propelled ferroptosis nanoinducers composed of two endogenous proteins,glucose oxidase and ferritin,are presented to show enhanced tumor inhibition via ferroptosis while maintaining high API and biocompatibility.The accumulation of our proteomotors at tumor regions is facilitated by the active tumor-targeting effect of ferritin.The enhanced diffusion of proteomotors is then actuated by efficiently decomposing glucose into gluconic acid and H_(2)O_(2),leading to deeper penetration and enhanced uptake into tumors.Under the synergistic effect of glucose oxidase and ferritin,the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and GSH is damaged,leading to lipid peroxidation.As a result,by inducing ferroptosis,our self-propelled ferroptosis nanoinducers exhibit enhanced tumor inhibitory effects.This work paves a way for the construction of a biocompatible anticancer platform with enhanced diffusion utilizing only two endogenous proteins,centered around the concept of ferroptosis.
基金supported by the joint funds of the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC)(Grant No.U2242213)the funds of the NSFC(Grant No.42341209)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFC3000902)the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant No.42205166)the Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant No.22NLTSQ008)。
文摘Pangu-Weather(PGW),trained with deep learning–based methods(DL-based model),shows significant potential for global medium-range weather forecasting.However,the interpretability and trustworthiness of global medium-range DLbased models raise many concerns.This study uses the singular vector(SV)initial condition(IC)perturbations of the China Meteorological Administration's Global Ensemble Prediction System(CMA-GEPS)as inputs of PGW for global ensemble prediction(PGW-GEPS)to investigate the ensemble forecast sensitivity of DL-based models to the IC errors.Meanwhile,the CMA-GEPS forecasts serve as benchmarks for comparison and verification.The spatial structures and prediction performance of PGW-GEPS are discussed and compared to CMA-GEPS based on seasonal ensemble experiments.The results show that the ensemble mean and dispersion of PGW-GEPS are similar to those of CMA-GEPS in the medium range but with smoother forecasts.Meanwhile,PGW-GEPS is sensitive to the SV IC perturbations.Specifically,PGWGEPS can generate realistic ensemble spread beyond the sub-synoptic scale(wavenumbers≤64)with SV IC perturbations.However,PGW's kinetic energy is significantly reduced at the sub-synoptic scale,leading to error growth behavior inconsistent with CMA-GEPS at that scale.Thus,this behavior indicates that the effective resolution of PGW-GEPS is beyond the sub-synoptic scale and is limited to predicting mesoscale atmospheric motions.In terms of the global mediumrange ensemble prediction performance,the probability prediction skill of PGW-GEPS is comparable to CMA-GEPS in the extratropic when they use the same IC perturbations.That means that PGW has a general ability to provide skillful global medium-range forecasts with different ICs from numerical weather prediction.
文摘BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms(PDGNENs)is dismal and related research is limited.AIM To investigate the prognostic factors,and validate a novel prognostic nomogram for PDGNEN patients.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using clinical and pathological data from PDGNEN patients treated at the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2000 to June 2023.Overall survival(OS)differences were assessed with the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Cox regression analysis identified independent risk factors for prognosis.Model performance was evaluated using Harrell’s concordance index,receiver operating characteristic analysis,area under the curve,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(UDC),including the area under the UDC.RESULTS The study included 336 patients(227 with neuroendocrine carcinoma and 109 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma).The average age was 62.7 years.The cohort comprised 80(24.7%)patients in stage I,146(42.9%)in stage II,62(18.1%)in stage III,and 48(14.3%)in stage IV.Significant differences in OS were observed across tumor-node-metastasis stages(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed age,Ki-67 index,invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as independent risk factors.We developed a nomogram with a concordance index of 0.779(95%confidence interval:0.743-0.858).Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed area under the curves for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS predictions of 0.865,0.850,and 0.890,respectively.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement with actual outcomes.The area under the UDC for the nomogram vs the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis staging system were 0.047 vs 0.027,0.291 vs 0.179,and 0.376 vs 0.216 for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS,respectively.CONCLUSION PDGNENs are predominantly found in older men,often in advanced stages at diagnosis,resulting in poor prognosis.The established nomogram demonstrates strong predictive capability and clinical utility.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107513)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.22JR5RA051)+1 种基金the Gansu Province Science and Technology project(No.21JR7RA070)the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.21YF5FA151).
文摘Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China.The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield.Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties,destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions,which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security,and affect sustainable socio-economic development.Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil.Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem.Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time.However,the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce.Thus,it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical,chemical,and microbial properties,and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways.The stability,persistence,and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil.The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFC3800403)the Foundation of Beijing Municipal Research Institute of EcoEnvironmental Protection (No.Y2022-007)。
文摘This study combined the real-time monitoring and investigation of traffic flows to comprehensively analyze the road traffic flow and vehicle structure in downtown Beijing.A dynamic emission inventory of motor vehicle air pollutants in downtown Beijing in 2021 was established,and the impact of these emissions on air quality was simulated and quantified,and different emission reduction control scenarios were proposed to evaluate their environmental improvement effects and explore measures to mitigate the impact of pollution emissions.The results show that the high traffic flow and the structure of the motor vehicle emissions in downtown Beijing are the main causes of severe motor vehicle pollution.Monitoring data shows that traffic flow in central Beijing is dominated by small passenger vehicles,while the vehicle mix is better than in other regions,with 72.0%of vehicles meeting"National V"or higher emission standards.However,to achieve higher air quality goals,further reducing vehicle emissions is necessary.Based on dynamic traffic flow,the average daily emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOX),particulate matters(PM_(2.5))and volatile organic compounds(VOC)from motor vehicles in central Beijing are 17.7 tons,0.6 tons and 14.0 tons,respectively,accounting for 23.0%of the city’s average daily motor vehicle emissions.If a zero-emission zone for motor vehicles were implemented in central Beijing,the annual average emission level of pollutants will be reduced by 10.4%to 21.0%.The designation of ultra-low emission zones for motor vehicles could be effective in improving the air quality in the center of Beijing.
文摘As an important river in the western part of Jilin Province,the lower reach of the Nenjiang River is an important wetland water source conservation area in Jilin Province.Within the watershed,it governs the Momoge Wetland,the Xianghai Wetland,and the Danjiang Wetland in Jilin Province.The main problem in the lower reaches of the Nenjiang River is the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space,and the intensification of land salinization.Zhenlai County and Da an City in the Nenjiang River Basin have sufficient surface water resources,with surface water as the drinking water source.Baicheng City and Tongyu County have scarce surface water resources,and both use groundwater as their domestic water source.The main polluted section in the basin is the Xianghai Reservoir,and the annual water quality evaluation is Class V.However,the water quality of the Tao er River,the main stream of the Nenjiang River,is significantly better than that of the Xianghai Reservoir.In order to better study the water environmental pollution situation in the Nenjiang River basin,monitoring data from five sections of non seasonal rivers in the basin from 2012 to 2021 were selected for studying water quality.This in-depth exploration of the water pollution status and river water quality change trends in the Nenjiang River basin is of great significance for future rural development,agricultural pattern transformation,and the promotion of water ecological civilization construction.
文摘以“凤丹”牡丹鲜花为原料,研究酶处理制备牡丹鲜花汁工艺;采用高效液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS)联用技术分析牡丹鲜花汁中化学物质。结果表明,由果胶酶、纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶组成的复合酶制剂(质量比1∶2∶1)能提高牡丹鲜花出汁率,达22.3%。复合酶处理的条件为∶酶添加量0.15%(质量分数),酶解温度50℃,酶解时间90 min。鉴定了牡丹鲜花汁中的20个主要成分,包括3个有机酸、8个酚酸、7个黄酮以及2个单萜糖苷。酚酸和黄酮苷是牡丹鲜花汁中主要活性成分,主要以没食子酸、没食子酰葡萄糖、没食子酰单宁、芹菜素葡萄糖苷、芹菜素新橘皮糖苷和山奈酚二葡萄糖苷等形式存在。研究结果为牡丹鲜花制汁方法以及牡丹鲜花液态功能食品开发提供理论依据。
