In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well...In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.展开更多
In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers su...In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.展开更多
Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significant...Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.展开更多
Large language models(LLMs)have significantly advanced artificial intelligence(AI)by excelling in tasks such as understanding,generation,and reasoning across multiple modalities.Despite these achievements,LLMs have in...Large language models(LLMs)have significantly advanced artificial intelligence(AI)by excelling in tasks such as understanding,generation,and reasoning across multiple modalities.Despite these achievements,LLMs have inherent limitations including outdated information,hallucinations,inefficiency,lack of interpretability,and challenges in domain-specific accuracy.To address these issues,this survey explores three promising directions in the post-LLM era:knowledge empowerment,model collaboration,and model co-evolution.First,we examine methods of integrating external knowledge into LLMs to enhance factual accuracy,reasoning capabilities,and interpretability,including incorporating knowledge into training objectives,instruction tuning,retrieval-augmented inference,and knowledge prompting.Second,we discuss model collaboration strategies that leverage the complementary strengths of LLMs and smaller models to improve efficiency and domain-specific performance through techniques such as model merging,functional model collaboration,and knowledge injection.Third,we delve into model co-evolution,in which multiple models collaboratively evolve by sharing knowledge,parameters,and learning strategies to adapt to dynamic environments and tasks,thereby enhancing their adaptability and continual learning.We illustrate how the integration of these techniques advances AI capabilities in science,engineering,and society—particularly in hypothesis development,problem formulation,problem-solving,and interpretability across various domains.We conclude by outlining future pathways for further advancement and applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The increasing morbidity of liver cancer has led to a growing demand for transplantation. Split liver transplantation(SLT) is a promising way to ameliorate organ shortages. However, the safety and efficacy...BACKGROUND: The increasing morbidity of liver cancer has led to a growing demand for transplantation. Split liver transplantation(SLT) is a promising way to ameliorate organ shortages. However, the safety and efficacy of SLT are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of SLT in liver cancer patients at our center. METHODS: A total of 74 patients who received liver transplantation at a tertiary hospital from March 2019 to July 2023 were retrospectively studied, of whom 37 recipients underwent SLT and 37 recipients underwent whole-graft liver transplantation(WGLT). Clinical data were analyzed and compared between patients who underwent SLT and WGLT.RESULTS: SLT and WGLT were successfully performed, with no intraoperative transplantrelated mortality. Postoperatively, no significant differences in total bilirubin(TB, P=0.266), alanine transaminase(ALT, P=0.403) and aspartate transaminase(AST, P=0.160) levels within 30 d were detected between the two groups. The transplant-related mortality rates were 8.1% in the SLT group and 5.4% in the WGLT group within 30 d of surgery(P=1.000), and 10.8% and 8.1%, respectively, at 90 d after surgery(P=1.000). There were no significant differences in overall survival(OS) and progress-free survival(PFS) between the SLT and WGLT groups(P=0.910, P=0.190). CONCLUSION: Our results show that SLT does not imply additional risks in treating liver cancer compared with WGLT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is one of the common digestive system malignant tumors around the world.Its early diagnosis and staging are crucial for rectal cancer treatment and prognosis.In recent years,tumor markers have...BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is one of the common digestive system malignant tumors around the world.Its early diagnosis and staging are crucial for rectal cancer treatment and prognosis.In recent years,tumor markers have gradually received attention in early screening,treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation of cancer,but their predictive role in rectal cancer staging and differentiation is still unclear.AIM To assess the prognostic value of tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)cancer antigen 72-4(CA72-4),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),alongside multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),for staging and differentiating rectal cancer in patients.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 167 patients with rectal cancer who were treated at our institution from January 2020 to December 2024.Each patient underwent serological testing and multimodal MRI for diagnosis.Histopathological examination after surgical resection or imaging based on follow-up was used as the gold standard.According to the T stage and differentiation degree,patients were divided into low stage group(T1-T2)and high stage group(T3-T4).In addition,they were divided into low-differentiation groups and high-differentiation groups according to their differentiation degree.We compared the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of tumor marker levels and MRI in rectal cancer stage and differentiation.RESULTS The study's findings indicate that in the context of rectal cancer T staging,there is substantial concordance between MRI and clinicopathological assessments,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.789(P<0.001).Similarly,for various degrees of tumor differentiation,MRI and clinicopathological evaluations demonstrated substantial agreement,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.651(P<0.001).Notably,the concentrations of tumor markers CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA,and AFP were significantly elevated in the T3-T4 stage compared to the T1-T2 stage.Furthermore,these markers were significantly higher in the low-differentiation group compared to the high-differentiation group(P<0.05).The combined use of tumor markers and MRI for preoperative T staging of rectal cancer yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.7%and a specificity of 94.6%,as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic analysis,with an area under the curve of 0.947.For tumor differentiation,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 93.6%and 97.1%,respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.978(95%confidence interval:0.946-1.000),surpassing the accuracy of individual detection methods.CONCLUSION The CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA and AFP tumor markers combined with multimodal MRI have high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing rectal cancer stage and differentiation.Their diagnostic efficacy is significantly better than that of single tests,which can effectively improve the predictive ability of rectal cancer stage and differentiation,provide a more reliable diagnostic reference for clinical practice,and have important clinical significance.展开更多
Preparing free-base porphyrinoid radicals that can function as coordination ligands is a challenging task.Here we report the synthesis of a stable,free-base benzocorrole(BC)radical containing only two inner NH protons...Preparing free-base porphyrinoid radicals that can function as coordination ligands is a challenging task.Here we report the synthesis of a stable,free-base benzocorrole(BC)radical containing only two inner NH protons via a retro-Diels-Alder conversion.The radical character of BC was fully supported by crystallographic analysis,spectroscopic evidence,and theoretical calculations.This neutral radical ligand allowed easy insertion of Zn(Ⅱ),Ga(Ⅲ),and Pd(Ⅱ)ions to produce radical complexes.All these radicals exhibited luminescence-on responses under weak reducing atmosphere,corresponding to the conversion to their aromatic anions.The red fluorescence was observed for BC and its Zn(Ⅱ)and Ga(Ⅲ)complexes,and the near-infrared phosphorescence(>900 nm)was detected for Pd(Ⅱ)complex at room temperature.Furthermore,Ga(Ⅲ)corrole exhibited a variation in fluorescence in response to axial coordination.Our findings provide a promising radical platform for coordination and developing novel functional materials with switchable spin and emission.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)serves an essential role in treating biliary diseases,especially in choledocholithiasis.However,due to the limited human lifespan,there remains a paucity ...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)serves an essential role in treating biliary diseases,especially in choledocholithiasis.However,due to the limited human lifespan,there remains a paucity of clinical investigations on ERCP treatment in patients over 90 years old.AIM To explore the effectiveness and safety of ERCP in super-older patients aged≥90 years with choledochal stones.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed data from patients(aged≥65 years)with choledocholithiasis who received ERCP treatment in our hospital from 2011 to 2023.Among them,patients≥90 years old were in the super-older group,and patients aged 65-89 years were in the older group.Baseline data,including gender,number of stones,stone size,gallbladder stones,periampullary diverti-culum,and common bile duct intubation of patients in the two groups,were mat-ched by adopting the 1:1 propensity score matching method.RESULTS After matching,44 patients were included in both the super-older group and the older group.The incidence of stroke in the super-older group was markedly higher than that in the older group[34.1%(15/44)vs 6.8%(3/44),P=0.008].The success rate of the ERCP procedure in the super-older group was 90.9%(40/44),compared to that in the older group[93.2%(41/44),P=1.000].Although endo-scopic papillary balloon dilation was more frequently used in the super-older group than in the older group[61.4%(27/44)vs 18.2%(8/44),P<0.001],there was no significant difference in terms of stone removal rate,the incidence of complications,mortality,recurrence,and length of hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION ERCP is safe and effective in super-older patients≥90 years old with choledocholithiasis.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morpho...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morphology,good monodispersity and high specific surface area,were used as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The single-crystal 3D COFs packed column not only exhibits high efficiency in separating hydrophobic molecules involving substituted benzenes,halogenated benzenes,halogenated nitrobenzenes,aromatic amines,aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phthalate esters(PAEs),but also achieves baseline separation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with similar physical and chemical properties as well as environmental pollutants,which cannot be quickly separated on commercial C18 column and a polycrystalline 3D COFs packed column.Especially,the column efficiency of 17303-24255 plates/m was obtained for PAEs,and the resolution values for acenaphthene and acenaphthylene,and carbamazepine(CBZ)and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide(CBZEP)were 1.7and 2.2,respectively.This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of the singlecrystal 3D COFs in HPLC separation of the organic molecules,but also facilitates the application of COFs in separation science.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program(No.U22A20420)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talents Introduction and Cultivation Project(No.CQ20230109)for supporting our work。
文摘In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.
基金supported by the Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health(Grant No.GWV-10.1-XK16)the US National Institute on Aging(RO1-AGO34479).
文摘In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.
文摘Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62441605)。
文摘Large language models(LLMs)have significantly advanced artificial intelligence(AI)by excelling in tasks such as understanding,generation,and reasoning across multiple modalities.Despite these achievements,LLMs have inherent limitations including outdated information,hallucinations,inefficiency,lack of interpretability,and challenges in domain-specific accuracy.To address these issues,this survey explores three promising directions in the post-LLM era:knowledge empowerment,model collaboration,and model co-evolution.First,we examine methods of integrating external knowledge into LLMs to enhance factual accuracy,reasoning capabilities,and interpretability,including incorporating knowledge into training objectives,instruction tuning,retrieval-augmented inference,and knowledge prompting.Second,we discuss model collaboration strategies that leverage the complementary strengths of LLMs and smaller models to improve efficiency and domain-specific performance through techniques such as model merging,functional model collaboration,and knowledge injection.Third,we delve into model co-evolution,in which multiple models collaboratively evolve by sharing knowledge,parameters,and learning strategies to adapt to dynamic environments and tasks,thereby enhancing their adaptability and continual learning.We illustrate how the integration of these techniques advances AI capabilities in science,engineering,and society—particularly in hypothesis development,problem formulation,problem-solving,and interpretability across various domains.We conclude by outlining future pathways for further advancement and applications.
基金Key Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province (GZY-ZJ-KJ-24077)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23A202181, 8207101520, 82272860)+2 种基金Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province (2023ZY1017)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 226-2023-00038)Special Financial Support for Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Teams。
文摘BACKGROUND: The increasing morbidity of liver cancer has led to a growing demand for transplantation. Split liver transplantation(SLT) is a promising way to ameliorate organ shortages. However, the safety and efficacy of SLT are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of SLT in liver cancer patients at our center. METHODS: A total of 74 patients who received liver transplantation at a tertiary hospital from March 2019 to July 2023 were retrospectively studied, of whom 37 recipients underwent SLT and 37 recipients underwent whole-graft liver transplantation(WGLT). Clinical data were analyzed and compared between patients who underwent SLT and WGLT.RESULTS: SLT and WGLT were successfully performed, with no intraoperative transplantrelated mortality. Postoperatively, no significant differences in total bilirubin(TB, P=0.266), alanine transaminase(ALT, P=0.403) and aspartate transaminase(AST, P=0.160) levels within 30 d were detected between the two groups. The transplant-related mortality rates were 8.1% in the SLT group and 5.4% in the WGLT group within 30 d of surgery(P=1.000), and 10.8% and 8.1%, respectively, at 90 d after surgery(P=1.000). There were no significant differences in overall survival(OS) and progress-free survival(PFS) between the SLT and WGLT groups(P=0.910, P=0.190). CONCLUSION: Our results show that SLT does not imply additional risks in treating liver cancer compared with WGLT.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LTGY24H160006Jiaxing Medical Key Discipline,No.2023-ZC-015.
文摘BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is one of the common digestive system malignant tumors around the world.Its early diagnosis and staging are crucial for rectal cancer treatment and prognosis.In recent years,tumor markers have gradually received attention in early screening,treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation of cancer,but their predictive role in rectal cancer staging and differentiation is still unclear.AIM To assess the prognostic value of tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)cancer antigen 72-4(CA72-4),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),alongside multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),for staging and differentiating rectal cancer in patients.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 167 patients with rectal cancer who were treated at our institution from January 2020 to December 2024.Each patient underwent serological testing and multimodal MRI for diagnosis.Histopathological examination after surgical resection or imaging based on follow-up was used as the gold standard.According to the T stage and differentiation degree,patients were divided into low stage group(T1-T2)and high stage group(T3-T4).In addition,they were divided into low-differentiation groups and high-differentiation groups according to their differentiation degree.We compared the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of tumor marker levels and MRI in rectal cancer stage and differentiation.RESULTS The study's findings indicate that in the context of rectal cancer T staging,there is substantial concordance between MRI and clinicopathological assessments,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.789(P<0.001).Similarly,for various degrees of tumor differentiation,MRI and clinicopathological evaluations demonstrated substantial agreement,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.651(P<0.001).Notably,the concentrations of tumor markers CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA,and AFP were significantly elevated in the T3-T4 stage compared to the T1-T2 stage.Furthermore,these markers were significantly higher in the low-differentiation group compared to the high-differentiation group(P<0.05).The combined use of tumor markers and MRI for preoperative T staging of rectal cancer yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.7%and a specificity of 94.6%,as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic analysis,with an area under the curve of 0.947.For tumor differentiation,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 93.6%and 97.1%,respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.978(95%confidence interval:0.946-1.000),surpassing the accuracy of individual detection methods.CONCLUSION The CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA and AFP tumor markers combined with multimodal MRI have high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing rectal cancer stage and differentiation.Their diagnostic efficacy is significantly better than that of single tests,which can effectively improve the predictive ability of rectal cancer stage and differentiation,provide a more reliable diagnostic reference for clinical practice,and have important clinical significance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271140,22071103,and 22371118)。
文摘Preparing free-base porphyrinoid radicals that can function as coordination ligands is a challenging task.Here we report the synthesis of a stable,free-base benzocorrole(BC)radical containing only two inner NH protons via a retro-Diels-Alder conversion.The radical character of BC was fully supported by crystallographic analysis,spectroscopic evidence,and theoretical calculations.This neutral radical ligand allowed easy insertion of Zn(Ⅱ),Ga(Ⅲ),and Pd(Ⅱ)ions to produce radical complexes.All these radicals exhibited luminescence-on responses under weak reducing atmosphere,corresponding to the conversion to their aromatic anions.The red fluorescence was observed for BC and its Zn(Ⅱ)and Ga(Ⅲ)complexes,and the near-infrared phosphorescence(>900 nm)was detected for Pd(Ⅱ)complex at room temperature.Furthermore,Ga(Ⅲ)corrole exhibited a variation in fluorescence in response to axial coordination.Our findings provide a promising radical platform for coordination and developing novel functional materials with switchable spin and emission.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81974442and Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City,No.2024A03J0670.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)serves an essential role in treating biliary diseases,especially in choledocholithiasis.However,due to the limited human lifespan,there remains a paucity of clinical investigations on ERCP treatment in patients over 90 years old.AIM To explore the effectiveness and safety of ERCP in super-older patients aged≥90 years with choledochal stones.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed data from patients(aged≥65 years)with choledocholithiasis who received ERCP treatment in our hospital from 2011 to 2023.Among them,patients≥90 years old were in the super-older group,and patients aged 65-89 years were in the older group.Baseline data,including gender,number of stones,stone size,gallbladder stones,periampullary diverti-culum,and common bile duct intubation of patients in the two groups,were mat-ched by adopting the 1:1 propensity score matching method.RESULTS After matching,44 patients were included in both the super-older group and the older group.The incidence of stroke in the super-older group was markedly higher than that in the older group[34.1%(15/44)vs 6.8%(3/44),P=0.008].The success rate of the ERCP procedure in the super-older group was 90.9%(40/44),compared to that in the older group[93.2%(41/44),P=1.000].Although endo-scopic papillary balloon dilation was more frequently used in the super-older group than in the older group[61.4%(27/44)vs 18.2%(8/44),P<0.001],there was no significant difference in terms of stone removal rate,the incidence of complications,mortality,recurrence,and length of hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION ERCP is safe and effective in super-older patients≥90 years old with choledocholithiasis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274021)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01535)for financial support。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have demonstrated great potential in chromatographic separation because of unique structure and superior performance.Herein,single-crystal three-dimensional(3D)COFs with regular morphology,good monodispersity and high specific surface area,were used as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The single-crystal 3D COFs packed column not only exhibits high efficiency in separating hydrophobic molecules involving substituted benzenes,halogenated benzenes,halogenated nitrobenzenes,aromatic amines,aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phthalate esters(PAEs),but also achieves baseline separation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with similar physical and chemical properties as well as environmental pollutants,which cannot be quickly separated on commercial C18 column and a polycrystalline 3D COFs packed column.Especially,the column efficiency of 17303-24255 plates/m was obtained for PAEs,and the resolution values for acenaphthene and acenaphthylene,and carbamazepine(CBZ)and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide(CBZEP)were 1.7and 2.2,respectively.This successful application not only confirmed the great potential of the singlecrystal 3D COFs in HPLC separation of the organic molecules,but also facilitates the application of COFs in separation science.
