The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is suscept...The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two group...Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two groups, 30 cases in the treatment group, 28 cases in the control group. Patients in two groups were treated with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, the treatment group was treated with the Yupingfeng granules through oral administration, 10 g/time, tid for 2 courses. The serum Foxp3+ Treg markers of each group were detected by flow cytometry assay before treatment and after treatment, and the level of HA in serum was detected by radio immunoassay. Results: After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the contents of Foxp3+ Treg and HA were significantly decreased in two groups(P<0.05), and the decrease of treatment group was more significantly(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Foxp3+ Treg and HA(P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of side effects in two groups was significantly decreased. And there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions: Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy with Yupingfeng treatment can decrease the levles of Foxp3+ Treg and HA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Yupingfeng can also effectively reduce the side effect due to radiation and chemotherapy.展开更多
The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)...The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.展开更多
Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Cu...Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.展开更多
To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves...To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.展开更多
This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electric...This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.展开更多
To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evi...To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].展开更多
Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodi...Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.展开更多
The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. ...The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.展开更多
The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental colli...The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.展开更多
In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic ...In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic monitoring technique provides an effective solution for rockburst warning.However,due to the complexity and variability of the TBM excavation environment,microseismic events induced by rock fracture are often accompanied by interference events,such as electrical noise,TBM vibration,and mechanical knock.This study proposes a multi-channel intelligent classification approach for microseismic events in TBM excavation scenarios,based on double-layer stacking learning,to identify rock fractures.In this approach,decision tree is used as the base classifieron each microseismic channel,while extreme learning machine is employed as the meta-classifierto aggregate all base classifiers.Additionally,mind evolutionary computation is integrated to optimize the built-in hyperparameters of various classifiers.Meanwhile,a comprehensive preprocessing and augmentation flowfor microseismic data has been developed,encompassing feature extraction,dimensionality reduction,outlier detection,and outlier substitution.The results reveal that the multi-channel stacking model,which combines classificationand regression tree and extreme learning machine,achieves optimal global and local generalization performance compared to other multi-channel stacking models and traditional single-channel models.The accuracy,Hamming loss,and Cohen’s kappa are 96.75%,0.0325,and 0.9148,respectively,and the F_(1)-score and AUC on rock fracture events are 0.9366 and 0.9818,respectively.Finally,a generative artificialintelligence-based scheme is invented to enhance the robustness of the model for signal-mixing events.展开更多
Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hinde...Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress.In this work,we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts.We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system,encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes.Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes,cells,and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed.We also examine the effects of external factors,such as temperature,magnetic fields,and natural light,on OER measurements.The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques,including cyclic voltammetry(CV),potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(PEIS),Tafel slope analysis,and pulse voltammetry(PV).We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts.Based on these discussions,we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’performance.Finally,we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate an...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate and its risk factors in the natural population of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.AIM To understand the H.pylori infection and risk factors in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the prevention and control strategies.METHODS This study comprehensively collected the survey data on H.pylori infection in 15 regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling.A total of 4361 individuals from the general population were selected as research subjects,and questionnaire surveys and blood tests for H.pylori antibodies were conducted.RESULTS The overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 70.79%(3087/4361).The H.pylori infection rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The analysis of the H.pylori infection rates among different ethnic groups showed that the infection rates of ethnic minorities such as Uyghur,Kirgiz,and Tajik were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui ethnic groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that altitude,regular consumption of beef,mutton,dried nuts,barbecue foods,and drinking river water were positively correlated with the H.pylori infection rate.CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high,with obvious regional and ethnic differences,which are closely related to the sanitation conditions and eating habits.展开更多
Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine ...Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to...BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to substantial diagnostic delays.Prolonged delays(≥2 years from symptom onset)are associated with increased risks of complications like osteoporosis,small intestinal lymphoma,and reduced quality of life.AIM To estimate diagnostic delay prevalence and identify risk factors in Chinese CeD patients.METHODS We reviewed clinical records of 166 patients diagnosed with CeD from 2017 onward.Patient-attributed delays were measured from symptom onset to first consultation,while physician-related delays were measured from initial visit to diagnosis/treatment.Data on demographics,symptoms,time from onset to diagnosis,and laboratory results were analyzed.Logistic regression models were used to identify associations,while restricted cubic splines explored nonlinearities.Mediation analysis assessed the roles of intermediate factors in delayed diagnosis.RESULTS Delayed diagnosis(over 2 years from symptom onset)was observed in 42.2%of patients.Patients with diagnostic delay exceeding 5 years accounted for 18.7%.The mean interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 12.32 months,with an average of 20.57 months from the first visit to diagnosis.The time from first consultation to diagnosis significantly increased with prolonged delay(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was an independent risk factor(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.01–1.65,P=0.038).A nonlinear association was observed between BUN and delayed diagnosis,with a threshold of 4.3 mmol/L;the risk significantly increased above this threshold(OR=1.39,P=0.04).Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk effect of BUN was stronger in females,non-classical CeD patients,Kazak ethnic group members,individuals without vitamin D deficiency/anemia,and those with MarshⅢpathology(all P<0.05).Mediation analysis revealed that folic acid deficiency and anemia mediated 11.9%(P=0.028)and 13.0%(P=0.044)of the effect of BUN on diagnostic delay,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated BUN levels are independent predictors of diagnostic delay in CeD,with heterogeneity observed across gender,disease subtype,ethnicity,and pathological type.Clinicians should prioritize high-risk populations with BUN≥4.3 mmol/L,particularly female patients with non-classical CeD and Kazak individuals,to reduce diagnostic delay.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379044,22472053)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23520710700)+6 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22239001)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-5)the ShanghaiMunicipal Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD01251505,JKVD1251041)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20250071)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials(18DZ2252400)the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘The solution processibility of perovskites provides a costeffective and high-throughput route for fabricating state-of-the-art solar cells.However,the fast kinetics of precursor-to-perovskite transformation is susceptible to processing conditions,resulting in an uncontrollable variance in device performance.Here,we demonstrate a supramolecule confined approach to reproducibly fabricate perovskite films with an ultrasmooth,electronically homogeneous surface.The assembly of a calixarene capping layer on precursor surface can induce host-vip interactions with solvent molecules to tailor the desolvation kinetics,and initiate the perovskite crystallization from the sharp molecule-precursor interface.These combined effects significantly reduced the spatial variance and extended the processing window of perovskite films.As a result,the standard efficiency deviations of device-to-device and batch-to-batch devices were reduced from 0.64-0.26%to 0.67-0.23%,respectively.In addition,the perovskite films with ultrasmooth top surfaces exhibited photoluminescence quantum yield>10%and surface recombination velocities<100 cm s^(-1)for both interfaces that yielded p-i-n structured solar cells with power conversion efficiency over 25%.
基金supported by National Natural Fund(81260156)Health Fund of Hainan Province(2012PT-29)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Yupingfeng on hyaluronic acid(HA) and Foxp3+ Treg in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 58 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were divided into two groups, 30 cases in the treatment group, 28 cases in the control group. Patients in two groups were treated with synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment, the treatment group was treated with the Yupingfeng granules through oral administration, 10 g/time, tid for 2 courses. The serum Foxp3+ Treg markers of each group were detected by flow cytometry assay before treatment and after treatment, and the level of HA in serum was detected by radio immunoassay. Results: After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the contents of Foxp3+ Treg and HA were significantly decreased in two groups(P<0.05), and the decrease of treatment group was more significantly(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Foxp3+ Treg and HA(P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of side effects in two groups was significantly decreased. And there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions: Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy with Yupingfeng treatment can decrease the levles of Foxp3+ Treg and HA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Yupingfeng can also effectively reduce the side effect due to radiation and chemotherapy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174366)Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(WK3450000005)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MC93).
文摘The combination of solar disinfection and photocatalysis technology presents a viable solution for eliminating harmful pathogenic microorganisms from water.However,some photocatalysts(e.g.,zinc oxide-based composites)are susceptible to pH-dependent dissolution in water,which can result in the loss of photocatalysts and additional environ-mental pollution.To obtain zinc oxide-based composites with low dissolution and high antibacterial efficiency for pho-tocatalytic water disinfection,we prepared MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites via a precipitation method to encapsulate chitosan(CS)around MoS_(2)/ZnO.The amino groups in the CS molecules act as storerooms for hydrogen ions,which inhibits the dissolution of zinc oxide.In addition,the MoS_(2)/ZnO@CS composites exhibit high production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity under simulated solar irradiation(0.1 W·cm^(-2)).This makes it an excellent antibacterial agent for solar disinfection in water treatment.
文摘Hereditary multiple exostoses(HME)is an autosomal dominant bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone development.HME mostly involves the forearm,resulting in forearm deformities,limited functional activities,etc.Currently,there are multiple surgical methods including tumor resection with or without ulnar osteotomy and lengthening,simple radial head resection and distal radial hemiepiphysiodesis,but the optimal treatment remains controversial.Ulnar lengthening serves as an effective surgical intervention for forearm deformities in HME patients.This review examines its surgical techniques,complications,and timing of the operation to guide clinical decision-making for improving function and cosmetic outcomes.
文摘To the Editor:Acute cholangitis,also known as ascending cholangitis,is a po-tentially life-threatening condition resulting from the infection and obstruction of the biliary tract[1].Choledocholithiasis,which in-volves stones in the common bile duct,is the most frequent cause of such infections,leading to partial or complete blockage of the biliary system[2].During acute episodes,patients may present with abdominal pain,high fever,and jaundice,known as Charcot’s triad,and in severe cases,patients may also exhibit signs of shock and depression[3].An episode of cholangitis can be fatal,and if the underlying obstruction is not addressed,the condition may recur,potentially leading to hepatic abscesses or biliary cirrhosis.Other etiologies of cholangitis include benign biliary strictures,bil-iary malignancies,congenital factors,postoperative complications,inflammatory conditions,and rare causes such as pancreatitis,par-asitic invasion of the biliary tract,external compression,thrombo-sis,and iatrogenic factors.Acute cholecystitis due to the migration of Hem-o-lok clips postoperation is rare.Herein we reported a case of acute cholangitis caused by the migration of surgical Hem-o-lok clips into the bile duct six years after laparoscopic left hemihepa-tectomy.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB35010202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.62275268)。
文摘This study presents an achievement of laser cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in the Chinese Space Station’s strontium(Sr)atomic space optical clock.The system’s core components,physical unit,optical unit,and electrical unit,have a total volume of 306 L and a total mass of 163.8 kg.These compact and robust units can overcome mechanical vibrations and temperature fluctuations during space launch.The laser sources of the optical unit are composed of diode lasers,and the injection locking of slave lasers is automatically performed by a program.In the experiment,a blue magneto-optical trap of cold atoms was achieved,with the atom numbers estimated to be approximately(1.50±0.13)×10^(6) for 87Sr and(8.00±0.56)×10^(6) for 88Sr.This work establishes a foundation for atomic confinement and high-precision interrogation in space-based optical clocks and expands the frontiers of cold atom physics in microgravity.
文摘To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274313,62275184,and 62411540033)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Suzhou Basic Research Project(Grant No.SJC2023003)+1 种基金the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.ZXL2024400)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.
基金support of Ningbo Fareast Tech Catalyst Engineering Co.,Ltd,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478275)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-TD014).
文摘The removal of H_(2)S from coke oven gas (COG) is an important issue for the further utilization of COG. Zeolites could be used for industrial desulfurization owing to their high thermal stability and regenerability. However, further analysis on the kinetics of deep desulfurization using zeolites is necessary to provide relevant information for industrial design. In this study, the desulfurization breakthrough curves of faujasite (FAU) zeolite in COG were measured using a fixed bed reactor. The adsorption isotherm was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption saturated capacity of H_(2)S was inversely related to the temperature. The results show that the Langmuir model best fits the adsorption isotherm with a lower value of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and Chi-Square (χ^(2)), and the calculated activation energy is 14.62 kJ·mol^(−1). The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Bangham and Weber-Morris models. The Bangham model fitted the kinetic data well, indicating that pore diffusion is an influential factor in the adsorption process. The Weber-Morris model suggests that the adsorption rate was not solely determined by the pore diffusion, but was also influenced by the active site on the FAU zeolite. The adsorption breakthrough curves under different gas flow rates were fitted using the bed depth service time (BDST) model, and it provides an accurate prediction of the breakthrough time with a small relative error. The results of thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the feasibility and spontaneity (ΔG<0) and exothermic (ΔH<0) nature of the adsorption process of the FAU zeolite for H_(2)S under COG.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872235, 42172236, and 41872233)Double First-Class University Construction Special Project of Shaanxi (Grant No. 300111240014)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant Nos. 300102270202, 202110710062, 300103183081, 300108231154, S202410710285, and 300102274808)
文摘The study area is situated in the Tianshan region,specifically within the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQLOB).The NQLOB is a critical region for understanding oceanic closure and continental collision processes driven by the Shangdan Ocean subduction-exhumation,which was a segment of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Paleozoic.Despite significant research,the Early Paleozoic tectonic background and subduction-related orogenic processes,particularly in the eastern NQLOB,remain subjects of debate.This study presents significant petrographic,geochemical,and geochronologic insights into the metavolcanic rocks of the Chenjiahe Group in the eastern NQLOB.Petrographic analysis reveals that these metavolcanic rocks originated in a low-grade metamorphic setting.Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating yielded ages ranging between 449.7-443.4 Ma,indicating Late Ordovician formation.Geochemical signatures of felsic and intermediate rocks exhibit calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline similarities,characterized by high light rare earth elements(LREEs),low heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),and moderate Eu anomalies,consistent with a continental arc setting.In contrast,basaltic rocks display tholeiitic features with elevated large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),reduced high-field-strength elements(HFSEs),and weak Eu anomalies,suggesting an extensional environment.These findings imply that the metavolcanic rocks evolved in a continental arc-back-arc extension setting connected with the northward subduction and exhumation of the Huluhe back-arc oceanic basin.This process was likely triggered by the northward subduction and closure of the Shangdan Ocean,culminating in the Late Ordovician amalgamation of the Qilian Block and the southwestern North China Block.This study provides critical insight into the tectonic development of the NQLOB and the broader Proto-Tethys Ocean dynamics at the northern periphery of the Eastern Gondwana.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42472351 and 42177140)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.YESS20230742).
文摘In recent years,tunnel boring machines(TBMs)have been widely used in tunnel construction.Rockbursts,as a dynamic geological disaster,pose a serious threat to the safety and efficienttunneling of TBMs.The microseismic monitoring technique provides an effective solution for rockburst warning.However,due to the complexity and variability of the TBM excavation environment,microseismic events induced by rock fracture are often accompanied by interference events,such as electrical noise,TBM vibration,and mechanical knock.This study proposes a multi-channel intelligent classification approach for microseismic events in TBM excavation scenarios,based on double-layer stacking learning,to identify rock fractures.In this approach,decision tree is used as the base classifieron each microseismic channel,while extreme learning machine is employed as the meta-classifierto aggregate all base classifiers.Additionally,mind evolutionary computation is integrated to optimize the built-in hyperparameters of various classifiers.Meanwhile,a comprehensive preprocessing and augmentation flowfor microseismic data has been developed,encompassing feature extraction,dimensionality reduction,outlier detection,and outlier substitution.The results reveal that the multi-channel stacking model,which combines classificationand regression tree and extreme learning machine,achieves optimal global and local generalization performance compared to other multi-channel stacking models and traditional single-channel models.The accuracy,Hamming loss,and Cohen’s kappa are 96.75%,0.0325,and 0.9148,respectively,and the F_(1)-score and AUC on rock fracture events are 0.9366 and 0.9818,respectively.Finally,a generative artificialintelligence-based scheme is invented to enhance the robustness of the model for signal-mixing events.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20822041H4082)。
文摘Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database.However,the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress.In this work,we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts.We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system,encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes.Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes,cells,and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed.We also examine the effects of external factors,such as temperature,magnetic fields,and natural light,on OER measurements.The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques,including cyclic voltammetry(CV),potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(PEIS),Tafel slope analysis,and pulse voltammetry(PV).We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts.Based on these discussions,we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’performance.Finally,we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.
基金Supported by Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project,No.ZYYD2024JD11 and No.ZYYD2022A06Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,No.2024D01C76.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas.Currently,there is still a lack of comprehensive survey data on the H.pylori infection rate and its risk factors in the natural population of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.AIM To understand the H.pylori infection and risk factors in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for the prevention and control strategies.METHODS This study comprehensively collected the survey data on H.pylori infection in 15 regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling.A total of 4361 individuals from the general population were selected as research subjects,and questionnaire surveys and blood tests for H.pylori antibodies were conducted.RESULTS The overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was 70.79%(3087/4361).The H.pylori infection rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The analysis of the H.pylori infection rates among different ethnic groups showed that the infection rates of ethnic minorities such as Uyghur,Kirgiz,and Tajik were significantly higher than those of Han and Hui ethnic groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that altitude,regular consumption of beef,mutton,dried nuts,barbecue foods,and drinking river water were positively correlated with the H.pylori infection rate.CONCLUSION This study indicates that the overall H.pylori infection rate in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high,with obvious regional and ethnic differences,which are closely related to the sanitation conditions and eating habits.
基金Supported by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.
文摘Current sway test platforms for marine nuclear equipment face challenges in meeting the GJB 150.23A requirements.This is primarily because of the performance limitations of conventional actuators under extreme marine conditions.This study aimed to overcome these constraints using an innovative parallel mechanism design.We developed a novel 6-PUS parallel platform featuring six kinematic chains with hybrid series-parallel actuators.Each chain combines(1)force-speed adaptive transmission,(2)redundant motor-driven dual-screw actuation,and(3)passive load-balancing mechanisms.Comprehensive kinematic/dynamic modeling and experimental validation were conducted.Tests demonstrated the capability of the platform to achieve cyclic speeds of±45°/7 s and±30°/3 s while supporting 10-ton loads.Successful sway tests on nuclear components(reactor pressurizer and control rod drive mechanism)confirmed the operational reliability.This work presented three key innovations:(1)a new parallel-platform architecture that overcomes the limitations of conventional actuators;(2)integrated hybrid actuation with adaptive transmission;and(3)high-speed,heavy-load performance that meets stringent marine testing standards.This solution significantly advances nuclear equipment qualification testing technology.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang AutSupported by Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region,No.2023D01C76Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project,No.ZYYD2024JD1。
文摘BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD),an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion,is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations such as fatigue,abdominal pain,and nutritional deficiencies,often leading to substantial diagnostic delays.Prolonged delays(≥2 years from symptom onset)are associated with increased risks of complications like osteoporosis,small intestinal lymphoma,and reduced quality of life.AIM To estimate diagnostic delay prevalence and identify risk factors in Chinese CeD patients.METHODS We reviewed clinical records of 166 patients diagnosed with CeD from 2017 onward.Patient-attributed delays were measured from symptom onset to first consultation,while physician-related delays were measured from initial visit to diagnosis/treatment.Data on demographics,symptoms,time from onset to diagnosis,and laboratory results were analyzed.Logistic regression models were used to identify associations,while restricted cubic splines explored nonlinearities.Mediation analysis assessed the roles of intermediate factors in delayed diagnosis.RESULTS Delayed diagnosis(over 2 years from symptom onset)was observed in 42.2%of patients.Patients with diagnostic delay exceeding 5 years accounted for 18.7%.The mean interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 12.32 months,with an average of 20.57 months from the first visit to diagnosis.The time from first consultation to diagnosis significantly increased with prolonged delay(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was an independent risk factor(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.01–1.65,P=0.038).A nonlinear association was observed between BUN and delayed diagnosis,with a threshold of 4.3 mmol/L;the risk significantly increased above this threshold(OR=1.39,P=0.04).Subgroup analyses indicated that the risk effect of BUN was stronger in females,non-classical CeD patients,Kazak ethnic group members,individuals without vitamin D deficiency/anemia,and those with MarshⅢpathology(all P<0.05).Mediation analysis revealed that folic acid deficiency and anemia mediated 11.9%(P=0.028)and 13.0%(P=0.044)of the effect of BUN on diagnostic delay,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated BUN levels are independent predictors of diagnostic delay in CeD,with heterogeneity observed across gender,disease subtype,ethnicity,and pathological type.Clinicians should prioritize high-risk populations with BUN≥4.3 mmol/L,particularly female patients with non-classical CeD and Kazak individuals,to reduce diagnostic delay.
