In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulat...In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulated images across various domains.One of the pressing challenges stemming from this advancement is the increasing difficulty in discerning between unaltered and manipulated images.This paper offers a comprehensive survey of existing methodologies for detecting image tampering,shedding light on the diverse approaches employed in the field of contemporary image forensics.The methods used to identify image forgery can be broadly classified into two primary categories:classical machine learning techniques,heavily reliant on manually crafted features,and deep learning methods.Additionally,this paper explores recent developments in image forensics,placing particular emphasis on the detection of counterfeit colorization.Image colorization involves predicting colors for grayscale images,thereby enhancing their visual appeal.The advancements in colorization techniques have reached a level where distinguishing between authentic and forged images with the naked eye has become an exceptionally challenging task.This paper serves as an in-depth exploration of the intricacies of image forensics in the modern age,with a specific focus on the detection of colorization forgery,presenting a comprehensive overview of methodologies in this critical field.展开更多
Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies.However,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessi...Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies.However,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessibility and heterogeneity.Localized delivery of tumor-specific T-cells using biomaterials has shown promise,however,procedures required for genetic modification and generation of a sufficient number of tumor-specific T-cells ex vivo remain major obstacles due to cost and time constraints.Methods:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-based three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds were developed and conjugated with positively charged poly-L-lysine(PLL)using carbamide chemistry for efficient loading of lentiviruses(LVs)carrying tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors(TCRs).The physical and biological properties of the scaffold were extensively characterized.Further,the scaffold loaded with OVA-TCR LVs was implanted in B16F10 cells expressing ovalbumin(B16-OVA)tumor model to evaluate the anti-tumor response and the presence of transduced T-cells.Results:Our findings demonstrate that the scaffolds do not induce any systemic inflammation upon subcutaneous implantation and effectively recruit T-cells to the site.In B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice,the scaffolds efficiently transduce host T-cells with OVA-specific TCRs.These genetically modified T-cells exhibit homing capability towards the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs,resulting in a significant reduction of tumor size and systemic increase in anti-tumor cytokines.Immune cell profiling revealed a significantly high percentage of transduced T-cells and a notable reduction in suppressor immune cells within the tumors of mice implanted with these scaffolds.Conclusions:Our scaffold-based T-cell therapy presents an innovative in situ localized approach for programming T-cells to target solid tumors.This approach offers a viable alternative to in vitro manipulation of T-cells,circumventing the need for large-scale in vitro generation and culture of tumor-specific T-cells.It offers an off-the-shelf alternative that facilitates the use of host cells instead of allogeneic cells,thereby,overcoming a major hurdle.展开更多
Metabolic associated fatty liver disorder(MAFLD)characterizes the contributing etiologies(i.e.,type 2 diabetes mellitus,metabolic syndrome,overweight)of individuals with fatty liver disease that affects 1/3rd of the w...Metabolic associated fatty liver disorder(MAFLD)characterizes the contributing etiologies(i.e.,type 2 diabetes mellitus,metabolic syndrome,overweight)of individuals with fatty liver disease that affects 1/3rd of the world population.In 2020,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)crisis was unprecedented,and people with different comorbidities became more susceptible to the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.MAFLD patients are frequently obese with added metabolic menace like diabetes,hypertension,and dyslipidemia leading to greater jeopardy of COVID-19.MAFLD patients are 4 to 6-fold more prone towards infections.COVID-19 induces liver injury with elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and insignificantly elevated bilirubin.Hence,MAFLD in COVID-19 patients worsens the condition significantly.The evidence highlighting the interaction between MAFLD and altered liver functioning in COVID-19 suggested that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing MAFLD are at greater risk of morbidity or intensive care unit admission.Direct hepatic injury,enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines,declined hepatic mitochondrial activity,and compromised immunity are considered as some underlying mechanisms.The main focus of this review is to discuss the implications of metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease in COVID-19 patients.The review systematically analyzes the effect of striking two worldwide pandemics(MAFLD and COVID-19)together in the present era.展开更多
India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in ITER.The module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron multiplication.Beryll...India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in ITER.The module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron multiplication.Beryllium also enhances tritium breeding.A design for the module is prepared for detailed analysis.Neutronic analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate,neutron distribution,and heat distribution in the module.The tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport analysis.The tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the design.The heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit design.The estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material zones.The total tritium produced in the HCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER,considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell time.The estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW,which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling circuit.The heat deposition in the test blanket model(TBM)is huge(around 9 GJ)for an entire day of operation of ITER,which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor blanket.As per the Brayton cycle,it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical energy.In terms of power production,this would be around 1655 MWh annually.The evaluation is carried out using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNL 2.1 nuclear cross section data.The HCSB TBM neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.展开更多
The Indian test blanket module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in the Indian fusion reactor program for carrying out the R＆D activities in the critical areas like design of tritium breeding blankets ...The Indian test blanket module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in the Indian fusion reactor program for carrying out the R＆D activities in the critical areas like design of tritium breeding blankets relevant to future Indian fusion devices（ITER relevant and DEMO）.The Indian Lead–Lithium Cooled Ceramic Breeder（LLCB） blanket concept is one of the Indian DEMO relevant TBM,to be tested in ITER as a part of the TBM program.Helium-Cooled Ceramic Breeder（HCCB） is an alternative blanket concept that consists of lithium titanate（Li_2TiO_3） as ceramic breeder（CB） material in the form of packed pebble beds and beryllium as the neutron multiplier.Specifically,attentions are given to the optimization of first wall coolant channel design and size of breeder unit module considering coolant pressure and thermal loads for the proposed Indian HCCB blanket based on ITER relevant TBM and loading conditions.These analyses will help proceeding further in designing blankets for loads relevant to the future fusion device.展开更多
This paper reviewed the literature on newer threedimensional imaging techniques and their applications in diagnosis and treatment planning of various dental anomalies. Developmental anomalies can occur during any of t...This paper reviewed the literature on newer threedimensional imaging techniques and their applications in diagnosis and treatment planning of various dental anomalies. Developmental anomalies can occur during any of the developmental stages and are manifested clinically after the tooth is fully formed. These dental anomalies may involve a single tooth, a group of teeth, or the entire dentition. Two-dimensional diagnosticimaging, including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, or cephalometric radiographs are essential in localization and management of morphological and eruptive disorders. However, due to their inherent limitations such as insufficient precision because of unusual projection errors and lack of information about spatial relationships, these methods are considered unreliable. Thus, the use of newer image acquisition techniques that allow comprehensive three dimensional imaging and visualization of dental abnormalities is highly recommended for making a confirmatory diagnosis. The significance of accurate endodontic, surgical and orthodontic treatment planning in dental abnormalities cannot be overstated as it pertains to critical anatomic landmarks such as proximity to adjacent teeth or the mandibular canal. The precise information on spatial relationships provided by multiplanar imaging helps the dental surgeon to establish more accurate diagnosis, management strategies and also increases the patient safety. This review highlights the use of high-end diagnostic imaging modalities in diagnosis of the various morphologic and eruptive dental abnormalities.展开更多
Glass science reveals peculiar properties due to the lack of long range order and presence of heterogeneity in Chalcogenide glasses. In thermal studies, structural relaxation at the glass transition region is governed...Glass science reveals peculiar properties due to the lack of long range order and presence of heterogeneity in Chalcogenide glasses. In thermal studies, structural relaxation at the glass transition region is governed by the activation energy of the cooperative unit (zU). In the cooperative molecular dynamics, we are considering the analysis of three activation energies, namely activation energy per BMS (U), activation energy of the cooperative unit (zU) and the apparent activation energy (z2U). From the energetic dynamics of activation energy analysis across the GexSe1-x glass series, data represent three-phase segregation. From our data, we also observed that the value of UCRR/RTg across the GexSe1-x glass series is nominally changed from 34.343 to 36.19.展开更多
This paper examines the impacts of market-oriented electricity reform on macroeconomic variables. It develops an ad hoc econometric model for this purpose, using a panel data of 19 developed countries plus seven Austr...This paper examines the impacts of market-oriented electricity reform on macroeconomic variables. It develops an ad hoc econometric model for this purpose, using a panel data of 19 developed countries plus seven Australian States for the period of 1970-2008. Significance of the impacts is firstly tested against three distinct institutional features of electricity reform, namely： （1） organizational restructuring （i.e., functional unbundling of traditionally vertically integrated industry）; （2） market restructuring （introduction of mandatory bid-based spot market）; and （3） privatization. The extents of the impacts are, then, quantified in terms of relative contribution of such institutional changes to aggregate output growth in short-run, medium-run and long-run. The results reveal that only functional unbundling has made significant contribution to output growth. The results, further, specify that functional unbundling has made, on average, an additional 0.06% and 2.7% contribution to output growth rate in medium-run and long-run respectively.展开更多
Chronic neuroinflammation and protein aggregation are the fundamental events mainly responsible for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).Potential neurotoxic changes in the intra-and extracellular enviro...Chronic neuroinflammation and protein aggregation are the fundamental events mainly responsible for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).Potential neurotoxic changes in the intra-and extracellular environment are typical hallmarks of many NDs.Treatment of ND is challenging,as the symptoms in these patients arises when a significant numbers of neurons have already been destroyed.Heat shock proteins(HSPs)can bind to recipient cells that are susceptible to stress,such as neurons,in the extracellular environment,therefore enhancing stress resistance.Among all,HSP60,HSP70,and HSP90 are highly conserved molecular chaperones involved in protein folding and assembly,maintaining cellular homeostasis in the central nervous system.Notably,α-synuclein accumulation is a major pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease,where HSP90 modulates the assembly ofα-synuclein in vesicles to prevent its accumulation.Moreover,HSP90 regulates the activity of the glycogen synthase kinase-3βprotein,which is crucial in diabetes mellitus-associated neurocognitive disorder.Therefore,understanding the molecular mechanism by which HSPs facilitate protein aggregation and respond to inflammatory stimuli,including metabolic disease such as diabetes,is essential for understanding the significance of HSPs in NDs.This review emphasizes the role of various HSPs in the progression of NDs such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,multiple sclerosis,and Huntington's disease,including diabetes,which is one of the major risk factors for neurodegeneration.展开更多
Current evidence of concept analyses recommending nanotechnology for biomedical uses abounds in recent research. The area of biotechnology interfaces with nanostructures, reconfigures their composition, and alters the...Current evidence of concept analyses recommending nanotechnology for biomedical uses abounds in recent research. The area of biotechnology interfaces with nanostructures, reconfigures their composition, and alters their characteristics;which influences the dispersion of the particles, the biotransformation they cause, and their potential toxic effect. It is vital to link the idea of the lifecycle of nanostructures to the biological impacts and use methodologies to identify, estimate, and track the gradual bioprocessing of nanostructures in vivo, from a body-wide level to a nanoscopic size. This is necessary because understanding how nanostructures processing, degradation, persistence, and recycling predict potential exposure risks. The safe implementation of nanotechnology-based products in biomedical applications necessitates an extensive understanding of the recycling and transformations of nanomaterials in a living organism. Long-term fate in the body is crucial, as it governs potential environmental risks to human health. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanostructures in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. The lifespan of nanoparticles, a flexible and biocompatible category of nanostructures that have made it into clinical trials, is the subject of this article. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanoparticles in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. This review explained the safety of nanoscale materials, biotransformation, and the multifunctional recycling mechanism of nanostructures.展开更多
This study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transitionby specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio-e...This study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transitionby specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio-economic systems to facilitate the transition process.Guided by the"essence"of the multi-level perspective-a prominent framework for the study of energy transition,four such entry points have been identified:1)destabilising the dominant,fossil fuel-based electricity regime to create room for renewable technologies tobreak through;2)reconfiguring the electricity regime,which encompasses technology,short-term operational practices and long-term planning processes,to improve flexibility for accommodating large outputs from variable renewable sources whilst maintaining supply security;3)addressing the impactofcoal power phase-outon coal mining regions in terms of economic development and jobs;and 4)facilitating a shift in transition governance towards a learning-based,reflexive process.Specific areas for policy interventions within each of these entry points have also been discussed in the paper.展开更多
Regio-and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone(10)were carried out with different mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles under mono-mode microwave irradiation t...Regio-and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone(10)were carried out with different mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles under mono-mode microwave irradiation to obtain substituted 3-(indol-30-yl)-N-phenyl-isoxazolidines(16–22).Reactions of nitrone(10)with allenic esters under similar conditions afforded,via a domino process,bis-indole derivatives(23a–c)along with compounds 24 and 25.Similarly,reactions of C-(3-pyridyl)-N-phenylnitrone(26)with mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles were carried out in refluxing dry toluene to obtain substituted 3-(30-pyridyl)-Nphenylisoxazolidines(27–34).Some of the compounds(16f,18b,23a,23c,27c and 29f)display significant cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines.展开更多
Dysregulated or weak immunity is caused by ageing,chemo-radiotherapy,COVID-19,infections,steroids,pol-lutants and toxins.Bioactive foods are required for boosting immunity.In the present study,eight rice(Oryza sativa ...Dysregulated or weak immunity is caused by ageing,chemo-radiotherapy,COVID-19,infections,steroids,pol-lutants and toxins.Bioactive foods are required for boosting immunity.In the present study,eight rice(Oryza sativa L.)varieties were selected from the repository of 23,250 Indian germplasm accessions.The immuno-modulatory effects of these rice varieties were assessed in vitro and in vivo.Layacha-rice-methanolic-extract(Larimex)significantly enhanced innate(>20%)and adaptive(>10%)immune responses evinced from higher bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages,increased mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation(11%)and scavenged reactive oxygen species(ROS)(70-80%).Larimex activated transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream genes NQO1,HO1 and Txnrd1 in immune cells.Larimex significantly improved immune responses(>20%)only in cells from wild type but not Nrf2 knock-out mice indicating its causal role in boosting immunity.Untargeted metabolomics of Layacha rice showed preponderance of metabolic pathways and bioactive compounds,which activate Nrf2 in mammalian cells.Layacha rice can be a suitable food for boosting immunity.展开更多
Metalworking fluids are the portion of a big family of lubricants. Metalworking fluids have been widely used for cutting the metal and the most communal category of theses fluids are water mixing fluids. In this artic...Metalworking fluids are the portion of a big family of lubricants. Metalworking fluids have been widely used for cutting the metal and the most communal category of theses fluids are water mixing fluids. In this article, the methods of lubrication using during various operations of machining is presenting and also represent the various benefits of these functional fluids in machining with respect to surface finish, cutting force, temperature at the zone of cutting. The disadvantages and performance of various methods are discussed in terms of output variables and parameters of machining. From the various literatures, it can be reported that fluids of cutting which are made by the oil of vegetable, could be eco-friendly in machining mode with same in performance achieved after using the metalworking fluid which are based on mineral oil. The various lubrication methods are going to be finished because of less cooling rate.展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1I1A3049788).
文摘In today’s digital era,the rapid evolution of image editing technologies has brought about a significant simplification of image manipulation.Unfortunately,this progress has also given rise to the misuse of manipulated images across various domains.One of the pressing challenges stemming from this advancement is the increasing difficulty in discerning between unaltered and manipulated images.This paper offers a comprehensive survey of existing methodologies for detecting image tampering,shedding light on the diverse approaches employed in the field of contemporary image forensics.The methods used to identify image forgery can be broadly classified into two primary categories:classical machine learning techniques,heavily reliant on manually crafted features,and deep learning methods.Additionally,this paper explores recent developments in image forensics,placing particular emphasis on the detection of counterfeit colorization.Image colorization involves predicting colors for grayscale images,thereby enhancing their visual appeal.The advancements in colorization techniques have reached a level where distinguishing between authentic and forged images with the naked eye has become an exceptionally challenging task.This paper serves as an in-depth exploration of the intricacies of image forensics in the modern age,with a specific focus on the detection of colorization forgery,presenting a comprehensive overview of methodologies in this critical field.
基金Department of Biotechnology(DBT,Govt of India)(BT/PR31315/MED/32/667/2019)DBT along with Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering,IIT Bombay(BT/INF/22/SP23026/2017)Department of Biotechnology(DBT,Govt of India)(BT/INF/22/SP17358/2016).
文摘Background:Targeted T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies.However,its application to solid tumors presents significant challenges due to the limited accessibility and heterogeneity.Localized delivery of tumor-specific T-cells using biomaterials has shown promise,however,procedures required for genetic modification and generation of a sufficient number of tumor-specific T-cells ex vivo remain major obstacles due to cost and time constraints.Methods:Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-based three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds were developed and conjugated with positively charged poly-L-lysine(PLL)using carbamide chemistry for efficient loading of lentiviruses(LVs)carrying tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptors(TCRs).The physical and biological properties of the scaffold were extensively characterized.Further,the scaffold loaded with OVA-TCR LVs was implanted in B16F10 cells expressing ovalbumin(B16-OVA)tumor model to evaluate the anti-tumor response and the presence of transduced T-cells.Results:Our findings demonstrate that the scaffolds do not induce any systemic inflammation upon subcutaneous implantation and effectively recruit T-cells to the site.In B16-OVA melanoma tumor-bearing mice,the scaffolds efficiently transduce host T-cells with OVA-specific TCRs.These genetically modified T-cells exhibit homing capability towards the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs,resulting in a significant reduction of tumor size and systemic increase in anti-tumor cytokines.Immune cell profiling revealed a significantly high percentage of transduced T-cells and a notable reduction in suppressor immune cells within the tumors of mice implanted with these scaffolds.Conclusions:Our scaffold-based T-cell therapy presents an innovative in situ localized approach for programming T-cells to target solid tumors.This approach offers a viable alternative to in vitro manipulation of T-cells,circumventing the need for large-scale in vitro generation and culture of tumor-specific T-cells.It offers an off-the-shelf alternative that facilitates the use of host cells instead of allogeneic cells,thereby,overcoming a major hurdle.
文摘Metabolic associated fatty liver disorder(MAFLD)characterizes the contributing etiologies(i.e.,type 2 diabetes mellitus,metabolic syndrome,overweight)of individuals with fatty liver disease that affects 1/3rd of the world population.In 2020,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)crisis was unprecedented,and people with different comorbidities became more susceptible to the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.MAFLD patients are frequently obese with added metabolic menace like diabetes,hypertension,and dyslipidemia leading to greater jeopardy of COVID-19.MAFLD patients are 4 to 6-fold more prone towards infections.COVID-19 induces liver injury with elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and insignificantly elevated bilirubin.Hence,MAFLD in COVID-19 patients worsens the condition significantly.The evidence highlighting the interaction between MAFLD and altered liver functioning in COVID-19 suggested that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing MAFLD are at greater risk of morbidity or intensive care unit admission.Direct hepatic injury,enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines,declined hepatic mitochondrial activity,and compromised immunity are considered as some underlying mechanisms.The main focus of this review is to discuss the implications of metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease in COVID-19 patients.The review systematically analyzes the effect of striking two worldwide pandemics(MAFLD and COVID-19)together in the present era.
文摘India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in ITER.The module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron multiplication.Beryllium also enhances tritium breeding.A design for the module is prepared for detailed analysis.Neutronic analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate,neutron distribution,and heat distribution in the module.The tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport analysis.The tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the design.The heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit design.The estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material zones.The total tritium produced in the HCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER,considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell time.The estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW,which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling circuit.The heat deposition in the test blanket model(TBM)is huge(around 9 GJ)for an entire day of operation of ITER,which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor blanket.As per the Brayton cycle,it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical energy.In terms of power production,this would be around 1655 MWh annually.The evaluation is carried out using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNL 2.1 nuclear cross section data.The HCSB TBM neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.
文摘The Indian test blanket module（TBM） program in ITER is one of the major steps in the Indian fusion reactor program for carrying out the R＆D activities in the critical areas like design of tritium breeding blankets relevant to future Indian fusion devices（ITER relevant and DEMO）.The Indian Lead–Lithium Cooled Ceramic Breeder（LLCB） blanket concept is one of the Indian DEMO relevant TBM,to be tested in ITER as a part of the TBM program.Helium-Cooled Ceramic Breeder（HCCB） is an alternative blanket concept that consists of lithium titanate（Li_2TiO_3） as ceramic breeder（CB） material in the form of packed pebble beds and beryllium as the neutron multiplier.Specifically,attentions are given to the optimization of first wall coolant channel design and size of breeder unit module considering coolant pressure and thermal loads for the proposed Indian HCCB blanket based on ITER relevant TBM and loading conditions.These analyses will help proceeding further in designing blankets for loads relevant to the future fusion device.
文摘This paper reviewed the literature on newer threedimensional imaging techniques and their applications in diagnosis and treatment planning of various dental anomalies. Developmental anomalies can occur during any of the developmental stages and are manifested clinically after the tooth is fully formed. These dental anomalies may involve a single tooth, a group of teeth, or the entire dentition. Two-dimensional diagnosticimaging, including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, or cephalometric radiographs are essential in localization and management of morphological and eruptive disorders. However, due to their inherent limitations such as insufficient precision because of unusual projection errors and lack of information about spatial relationships, these methods are considered unreliable. Thus, the use of newer image acquisition techniques that allow comprehensive three dimensional imaging and visualization of dental abnormalities is highly recommended for making a confirmatory diagnosis. The significance of accurate endodontic, surgical and orthodontic treatment planning in dental abnormalities cannot be overstated as it pertains to critical anatomic landmarks such as proximity to adjacent teeth or the mandibular canal. The precise information on spatial relationships provided by multiplanar imaging helps the dental surgeon to establish more accurate diagnosis, management strategies and also increases the patient safety. This review highlights the use of high-end diagnostic imaging modalities in diagnosis of the various morphologic and eruptive dental abnormalities.
文摘Glass science reveals peculiar properties due to the lack of long range order and presence of heterogeneity in Chalcogenide glasses. In thermal studies, structural relaxation at the glass transition region is governed by the activation energy of the cooperative unit (zU). In the cooperative molecular dynamics, we are considering the analysis of three activation energies, namely activation energy per BMS (U), activation energy of the cooperative unit (zU) and the apparent activation energy (z2U). From the energetic dynamics of activation energy analysis across the GexSe1-x glass series, data represent three-phase segregation. From our data, we also observed that the value of UCRR/RTg across the GexSe1-x glass series is nominally changed from 34.343 to 36.19.
文摘This paper examines the impacts of market-oriented electricity reform on macroeconomic variables. It develops an ad hoc econometric model for this purpose, using a panel data of 19 developed countries plus seven Australian States for the period of 1970-2008. Significance of the impacts is firstly tested against three distinct institutional features of electricity reform, namely： （1） organizational restructuring （i.e., functional unbundling of traditionally vertically integrated industry）; （2） market restructuring （introduction of mandatory bid-based spot market）; and （3） privatization. The extents of the impacts are, then, quantified in terms of relative contribution of such institutional changes to aggregate output growth in short-run, medium-run and long-run. The results reveal that only functional unbundling has made significant contribution to output growth. The results, further, specify that functional unbundling has made, on average, an additional 0.06% and 2.7% contribution to output growth rate in medium-run and long-run respectively.
基金supported by the Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Government of IndiaIndian Council of Medical Research,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Government of IndiaCCRH,Ministry of Ayush,Government of India.
文摘Chronic neuroinflammation and protein aggregation are the fundamental events mainly responsible for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).Potential neurotoxic changes in the intra-and extracellular environment are typical hallmarks of many NDs.Treatment of ND is challenging,as the symptoms in these patients arises when a significant numbers of neurons have already been destroyed.Heat shock proteins(HSPs)can bind to recipient cells that are susceptible to stress,such as neurons,in the extracellular environment,therefore enhancing stress resistance.Among all,HSP60,HSP70,and HSP90 are highly conserved molecular chaperones involved in protein folding and assembly,maintaining cellular homeostasis in the central nervous system.Notably,α-synuclein accumulation is a major pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease,where HSP90 modulates the assembly ofα-synuclein in vesicles to prevent its accumulation.Moreover,HSP90 regulates the activity of the glycogen synthase kinase-3βprotein,which is crucial in diabetes mellitus-associated neurocognitive disorder.Therefore,understanding the molecular mechanism by which HSPs facilitate protein aggregation and respond to inflammatory stimuli,including metabolic disease such as diabetes,is essential for understanding the significance of HSPs in NDs.This review emphasizes the role of various HSPs in the progression of NDs such as Alzheimer's,Parkinson's,multiple sclerosis,and Huntington's disease,including diabetes,which is one of the major risk factors for neurodegeneration.
文摘Current evidence of concept analyses recommending nanotechnology for biomedical uses abounds in recent research. The area of biotechnology interfaces with nanostructures, reconfigures their composition, and alters their characteristics;which influences the dispersion of the particles, the biotransformation they cause, and their potential toxic effect. It is vital to link the idea of the lifecycle of nanostructures to the biological impacts and use methodologies to identify, estimate, and track the gradual bioprocessing of nanostructures in vivo, from a body-wide level to a nanoscopic size. This is necessary because understanding how nanostructures processing, degradation, persistence, and recycling predict potential exposure risks. The safe implementation of nanotechnology-based products in biomedical applications necessitates an extensive understanding of the recycling and transformations of nanomaterials in a living organism. Long-term fate in the body is crucial, as it governs potential environmental risks to human health. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanostructures in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. The lifespan of nanoparticles, a flexible and biocompatible category of nanostructures that have made it into clinical trials, is the subject of this article. Strategies may be used to manage the long-term outcome of nanoparticles in an organism since, in addition to composition, their design also affects how long they last and how easily they degrade. This review explained the safety of nanoscale materials, biotransformation, and the multifunctional recycling mechanism of nanostructures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72174056).
文摘This study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transitionby specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio-economic systems to facilitate the transition process.Guided by the"essence"of the multi-level perspective-a prominent framework for the study of energy transition,four such entry points have been identified:1)destabilising the dominant,fossil fuel-based electricity regime to create room for renewable technologies tobreak through;2)reconfiguring the electricity regime,which encompasses technology,short-term operational practices and long-term planning processes,to improve flexibility for accommodating large outputs from variable renewable sources whilst maintaining supply security;3)addressing the impactofcoal power phase-outon coal mining regions in terms of economic development and jobs;and 4)facilitating a shift in transition governance towards a learning-based,reflexive process.Specific areas for policy interventions within each of these entry points have also been discussed in the paper.
文摘Regio-and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone(10)were carried out with different mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles under mono-mode microwave irradiation to obtain substituted 3-(indol-30-yl)-N-phenyl-isoxazolidines(16–22).Reactions of nitrone(10)with allenic esters under similar conditions afforded,via a domino process,bis-indole derivatives(23a–c)along with compounds 24 and 25.Similarly,reactions of C-(3-pyridyl)-N-phenylnitrone(26)with mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles were carried out in refluxing dry toluene to obtain substituted 3-(30-pyridyl)-Nphenylisoxazolidines(27–34).Some of the compounds(16f,18b,23a,23c,27c and 29f)display significant cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines.
基金supported by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences(BRNS,Department of Atomic Energy,Government of Indiaa[55/15/01/2019-BRNS]Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Department of Atomic Energy,Government of IndiaSJ&AT received fellowship from DST-INSPIRE,Government of India.
文摘Dysregulated or weak immunity is caused by ageing,chemo-radiotherapy,COVID-19,infections,steroids,pol-lutants and toxins.Bioactive foods are required for boosting immunity.In the present study,eight rice(Oryza sativa L.)varieties were selected from the repository of 23,250 Indian germplasm accessions.The immuno-modulatory effects of these rice varieties were assessed in vitro and in vivo.Layacha-rice-methanolic-extract(Larimex)significantly enhanced innate(>20%)and adaptive(>10%)immune responses evinced from higher bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages,increased mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation(11%)and scavenged reactive oxygen species(ROS)(70-80%).Larimex activated transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream genes NQO1,HO1 and Txnrd1 in immune cells.Larimex significantly improved immune responses(>20%)only in cells from wild type but not Nrf2 knock-out mice indicating its causal role in boosting immunity.Untargeted metabolomics of Layacha rice showed preponderance of metabolic pathways and bioactive compounds,which activate Nrf2 in mammalian cells.Layacha rice can be a suitable food for boosting immunity.
文摘Metalworking fluids are the portion of a big family of lubricants. Metalworking fluids have been widely used for cutting the metal and the most communal category of theses fluids are water mixing fluids. In this article, the methods of lubrication using during various operations of machining is presenting and also represent the various benefits of these functional fluids in machining with respect to surface finish, cutting force, temperature at the zone of cutting. The disadvantages and performance of various methods are discussed in terms of output variables and parameters of machining. From the various literatures, it can be reported that fluids of cutting which are made by the oil of vegetable, could be eco-friendly in machining mode with same in performance achieved after using the metalworking fluid which are based on mineral oil. The various lubrication methods are going to be finished because of less cooling rate.
