Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking the...Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.展开更多
In this study,seven pretreatment methods for chromium speciation in tanned leather were evaluated:acidic miner‑alization,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction,diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)extracti...In this study,seven pretreatment methods for chromium speciation in tanned leather were evaluated:acidic miner‑alization,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction,diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)extraction,alkaline extraction(NH 4 OH),ammonium nitrate extraction(NH 4 NO 3),water extraction,and phosphate buffer extrac‑tion.Acidic mineralization permitted the decomposition of the organic matter and ensured the complete digestion of leathers,giving access to the total content of chromium in each sample using inductively coupled plasma‑atomic emission spectrometry(ICP‑AES).From all the extractant media tested,EDTA proved to be the most efficient,allowing the extraction of Cr(VI)and Cr(III)as a Cr(III)‑EDTA complex,quantitatively.Method validation is presented for EDTA extraction and direct mineralization.For the EDTA extraction,method detection limit(MDL)and method quantifica‑tion limit(MQL)for total Cr in leather were 3.4 ppb and 11.2 ppb(µg of total Cr per L of extraction solution),respec‑tively.Due to the lack of leather certified reference materials(CRMs)for Cr(VI),accuracy was evaluated by spiking leather samples with a Cr(VI)solution.The spike recovery of EDTA microwave assisted extraction ranged from 91.0 to 108.6%.Interday precision was also evaluated and all variation coefficients were below 5%,for both mineralization and EDTA extraction.This article provides an efficient procedure to extract quantitatively chromium from leather,while maintaining the speciation,which can be further followed by ion chromatography‑inductively coupled plasma‑mass spectrometry(IC‑ICP‑MS).展开更多
In the present work,a comparative study of analytical methods for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium is presented.For the analysis by ion chromatography-inductively co...In the present work,a comparative study of analytical methods for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium is presented.For the analysis by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,two different columns were tested,as well as different mobile phases and different pH of the samples.The optimized analytical method permitted the separation of Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ)using 75 mmol/L NH_(4)NO_(3)pH 3 as chromatographic eluent.The method was validated and applied to real samples,allowing the determination of both species simultaneously,even when there is a huge difference of concentration between Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ).Limit of detection and limit of quantification for Cr(Ⅲ)were found to be 0.016 and 0.054μg/L(0.3 and 1.1μg/kg),respectively,and for Cr(Ⅵ)0.13 and 0.43μg/L(7 and 22μg/kg),respectively.Possible species interconversions were monitored through the use of chromium isotopic standards,which confirmed that the optimized methodology preserves chromium speciation during extraction and analysis.Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry permitted the structure elucidation of the complex formed during ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extraction.展开更多
基金supported by ANSES (French Agency for Food,Environmental and Occupational Health and SafetyPUFBIO project,Grant number EST-2017-190)+5 种基金co-supported by the Regional Council of Normandy and the European Union in the framework of the ERDF-ESF (CellSTEM project)a PhD fellowship funded by ADEME(Agency for Ecological Transition)financed by the Labex SynOrg(ANR-11-LABX-0029)the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF HN0001343)Financial support from the National Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance network (FR 3624 CNRS)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Infrastructures program (grant agreement 731077).
文摘Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.
基金This work has been partially supported by University of Rouen Normandy,INSA Rouen Normandy,the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS),European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)NºHN0001343,Labex SynOrg(ANR‑11‑LABX‑0029)Carnot Institute I2C,the graduate school for research XL‑Chem(ANR‑18‑EURE‑0020 XL CHEM)+1 种基金Region Normandie,and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACYT CVU 707668)IC instrument has been financed by RIN LabEx Milliflux Nº19E00566 and ICP/MS through Bioenairgy project(FEDER NºHN0001343).
文摘In this study,seven pretreatment methods for chromium speciation in tanned leather were evaluated:acidic miner‑alization,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)extraction,diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)extraction,alkaline extraction(NH 4 OH),ammonium nitrate extraction(NH 4 NO 3),water extraction,and phosphate buffer extrac‑tion.Acidic mineralization permitted the decomposition of the organic matter and ensured the complete digestion of leathers,giving access to the total content of chromium in each sample using inductively coupled plasma‑atomic emission spectrometry(ICP‑AES).From all the extractant media tested,EDTA proved to be the most efficient,allowing the extraction of Cr(VI)and Cr(III)as a Cr(III)‑EDTA complex,quantitatively.Method validation is presented for EDTA extraction and direct mineralization.For the EDTA extraction,method detection limit(MDL)and method quantifica‑tion limit(MQL)for total Cr in leather were 3.4 ppb and 11.2 ppb(µg of total Cr per L of extraction solution),respec‑tively.Due to the lack of leather certified reference materials(CRMs)for Cr(VI),accuracy was evaluated by spiking leather samples with a Cr(VI)solution.The spike recovery of EDTA microwave assisted extraction ranged from 91.0 to 108.6%.Interday precision was also evaluated and all variation coefficients were below 5%,for both mineralization and EDTA extraction.This article provides an efficient procedure to extract quantitatively chromium from leather,while maintaining the speciation,which can be further followed by ion chromatography‑inductively coupled plasma‑mass spectrometry(IC‑ICP‑MS).
基金supported by University of Rouen Normandy,INSA Rouen Normandy,the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque(CNRS),European Regional Development Fund(ERDF HN0001343)Labex Syn-Org(ANR-11-LABX-0029)+1 种基金Carnot Institute I2C,the graduate school for research XL-Chem(ANR-18-EURE-0020 XL CHEM)Region Normandie,and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACYT CVU 707668).
文摘In the present work,a comparative study of analytical methods for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium is presented.For the analysis by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,two different columns were tested,as well as different mobile phases and different pH of the samples.The optimized analytical method permitted the separation of Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ)using 75 mmol/L NH_(4)NO_(3)pH 3 as chromatographic eluent.The method was validated and applied to real samples,allowing the determination of both species simultaneously,even when there is a huge difference of concentration between Cr(Ⅲ)and Cr(Ⅵ).Limit of detection and limit of quantification for Cr(Ⅲ)were found to be 0.016 and 0.054μg/L(0.3 and 1.1μg/kg),respectively,and for Cr(Ⅵ)0.13 and 0.43μg/L(7 and 22μg/kg),respectively.Possible species interconversions were monitored through the use of chromium isotopic standards,which confirmed that the optimized methodology preserves chromium speciation during extraction and analysis.Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry permitted the structure elucidation of the complex formed during ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extraction.
