Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the compositi...Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the composition of piezocomposites or their preparation process,a category of materials is commonly employed that do not possess piezoelectric properties themselves but play a crucial role in performance enhancement.In this review,the concept of auxiliary phase is first proposed to define these materials,aiming to provide a new perspective for designing high-performance piezocomposites.Three different categories of modulation forms of auxiliary phase in piezocomposites are systematically summarized,including the modification of piezo-matrix,the modification of piezo-fillers,and the construction of special structures.Each category emphasizes the role of the auxiliary phase and systematically discusses the latest advancements and the physical mechanisms of the auxiliary phase enhanced flexible piezocomposites.Finally,a summary and future outlook of piezocomposites based on the auxiliary phase are provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tic disorders(TDs)are a type of neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by vocal or motor tics in the head,body,or limbs.Clinical studies have shown that Changmaxifeng granules(CG)can treat TDs....BACKGROUND Tic disorders(TDs)are a type of neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by vocal or motor tics in the head,body,or limbs.Clinical studies have shown that Changmaxifeng granules(CG)can treat TDs.However,the pharmaceutical substances and mechanism of action of CG remain unclear.AIM To investigate the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of CG against TDs,this study employs serum medicinal chemistry,network pharmacology,and molecular docking analysis.METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the blood-absorbed constituents of CG;Network pharmacology was then used to integrate these compounds with disease targets,followed by protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks analysis to pinpoint key proteins.Finally,Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses combined with molecular docking elucidated the underlying mechanism of action.RESULTS Overall,187 chemical components,including terpenoids,sugars,phenolic acids,and flavonoids,were identified in vitro.In addition,75 components,namely 49 prototype components and 26 metabolites,were identified in vivo.The PPI results revealed 225 overlapping targets,with TNF,IL-6,FOS,VEGFA,and ESR1 being the major targets.GO and KEGG analyses were performed to identify key signaling pathways and biological processes.Paeonol,evofolin B,aspalathin,and paeoniflorin were identified as potential pharmacodynamic substances based on the results of the“compound-target”network.The maximum binding energy between the core target and the active ingredient was less than-4.7 kcal/mol,indicating that the pharmacophore exhibited a strong affinity toward the core ingredient.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the in vitro and in vivo chemical components of CG and outlined their potential targets and action mechanisms.This study provides a basis for further research into the action mechanism and clinical application of CG.展开更多
Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research...Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research on the regulation of high salt stress in this species.In this study,we observed that high salt stress suppressed the growth of U.prolifera and leading to the nitric oxide(NO)accumulation,along with increased gene expression levels and enzyme activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR).Treatment with GSNOR inhibitor resulted in elevated NO levels under high salt stress,accompanied by reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased glutathione(GSH)accumulation,making U.prolifera more sensitive to high salt stress.Conversely,NO scavenger treatment not only reduced NO levels,but also weakened the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera.Furthermore,using tandem mass tags(TMT)switch analysis and mass spectrometry,we observed a significant increase in S nitrosylated protein levels in U.prolifera under high salt stress,with further augmentation upon GSNOR inhibitor treatment.We also found high salt stress induced S-nitrosylation(SNO)of glutathione reductase(GR),which is negatively regulated by GSNOR,resulting in increased GR activity.Our results show that under short-term high salt stress,the elevated expression level of GSNOR avoided excessive accumulation of NO,and a certain amount of NO enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes through SNO modification,which improve the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera,whereas under long-term high salt stress,excessive NO was toxic to U.prolifera.展开更多
The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of ...The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of mechanisms based on graph theory and polynomial operation.The graph framework of the synthesis approach is built firstly,and it involves:(1)the kinematic function units extracted from mechanisms;(2)the kinematic link graph that transforms the synthesis problem from mechanical domain into graph domain;(3)two graph representations,i.e.,walk representation and path representation,of design candidates;(4)a weighted matrix theorem that transforms the synthesis process into polynomial operation.Then,the formulas and algorithm to the polynomial operation are presented.Based on them,the computational flowchart to the synthesis approach is summarized.A design example is used to validate and illustrate the synthesis approach in detail.The proposed synthesis approach is not only supportive to enumerate the design candidates to the conceptual design of a mechanical system exhaustively and automatically,but also helpful to make that enumeration process computable.展开更多
The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism ...The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.展开更多
Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing...Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing method and the oven method are compared.Surface hydroxyl,as opposed to adsorbed oxygen in CeF_(3)-O,is the main component of O faults on the surface of CeF_(3)-V.Small particle size and the doping atom defects of CeF_(3)-V allow for more efficient separation and faster migration of photogenerated charge carriers.CeF_(3)-V has an oxygen evolution rate of up to 1.4138 mmol/(g·h)and an apparent quantum yield of 90.90%at 550 nm.Energy tails are produced as a result of the doping O and N changing the intrinsic band structures.CeF_(3)-V shows a secondary conduction band potential that is sufficient for satisfying the minimal water oxidation potential simultaneously.These elucidate that defects in the states of doping O and N significantly influence CeF_(3) energy levels.Focusing on how the drying process affects the band structure and encourages carriers'separation via defects is valuable,which affects how well the photocatalysis works.展开更多
The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model base...The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on Fourier's heat conduction equation,Hooke's law and the Alexander–Hasson equation was developed to analyze the thermal stress damage mechanism involved.The damage morphology of the ablated samples was observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the cooling process has an important influence on fracture in the laser-irradiated region of single-crystal germanium.Fracture is the result of a combination of thermal stress and reduction in local yield strength.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compres...Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compression and cardiopulmonary resuscitation machines were divided into two groups with 20 people in each group.The control group consists of a bare hand compression group while the observation group consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation group.The two groups of people performed heart compression on the simulated person and observe the effect of the two compression methods on the patient during the cardiac arrest operation.Results:The resuscitation success rate in the control group was 65%,the resuscitation success rate in the observation group was 90%.The systolic blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,the accuracy rate of compression depth frequency,and interruption time in the observation group(cardiac resuscitation compression group)were significantly better than the control group(bare hand compression group).Conclusion:The use of mechanical compression has a small error rate,a high success rate,saves time and effort,and can effectively help patients.It is worth promoting and applying.展开更多
To the Editor:Liver resection,particularly anatomical hepatectomy,has become a vital surgical approach for managing a range of liver diseases[1].Owing to its deep anatomical position,the caudate lobe is frequently imp...To the Editor:Liver resection,particularly anatomical hepatectomy,has become a vital surgical approach for managing a range of liver diseases[1].Owing to its deep anatomical position,the caudate lobe is frequently implicated in hepatobiliary diseases,necessitating precise evaluation and targeted treatment during anatomical liver resection[2,3].The caudate lobe's vascular anatomy is complex:the left portal vein branch(G1L,LPb)primarily supplies the Spiegel lobe,the bifurcation branch(G1F,HBb)feeds the paracaval region or caudate process,and the right posterior portal branch(G1C,RPb)serves the caudate process[4,5].展开更多
Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel...Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel immunomodulators with high efficiency and low toxicity is essential.Ellagic acid(EA),a natural polyphenol compound widely distributed in berries,is metabolically transformed by gut microbiome to exert systemic health benefits.Here,we identified that intraperitoneal administration of EA with no cytotoxicity,beyond its wellknown oral metabolic fate,effectively decreased clinical severity and central nervous system(CNS)inflammation/demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a mouse model of an autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis.Interestingly,intraperitoneal EA administration at incredibly low doses(0.1 mg/(kg·day))is dose-sparing with fingolimod(FTY720),the first FDA-approved oral drug for MS.In addition,intraperitoneal EA also ameliorated the brain damage in a neuromyelitis optica(NMO)model,and significantly prevented the immune rejection of allograft skin graft.Evidence from pharmacological studies combined with RNA-seq indicate that prototype EA functions by a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of casein kinase II(CKII)to suppress the expression of IL-17 and promote the expression of Cpt1a to regulate T helper cell 17 differentiation.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the prototype EA entering the blood circulation acts as a novel therapeutic immunomodulator for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection through the CKII-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Cpt1a signaling pathway.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regul...Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regulatory mechanisms,remain poorly understood in alpine meadows.Here,we conducted a field experiment with four N addition rates(0,5,10,and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1))in an alpine meadow,and investigated the P in plants,microorganisms,and soil to determine their patterns of change after short-term N addition.Our results showed that N addition significantly increased plant biomass,and the plant P pool showed a non-linear response to the N addition gradient.Soil available P initially increased and then declined with increasing N addition,whereas the occluded inorganic P decreased markedly.The critical factors for soil available P varied with different N addition rates.At lower N addition levels(0 and 5 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),soil acidification facilitated the mobilization of occluded inorganic P to increase soil available P.Conversely,at higher N addition levels(10 and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),the elevated soil microbial biomass P intensified the competition with plants for soil P,leading to a decline in soil available P.This study highlights the nonlinear responses of the plant P pool and soil available P concentration to N addition rates.These responses suggest the need for developing ecosystem models to assess different effects of increasing N rates,which would enable more accurate predictions of the plant P supply and soil P cycling under N enrichment.展开更多
Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the t...Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input,optimal material distribution generation,and fabrication program output,4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design.In this study,we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing.By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale,the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process.Using this strategy,the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation.Furthermore,as a proof-of-concept,a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment.This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting,leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics,micro-robotics,minimally invasive robotic surgery,and tissue engineering.展开更多
Ovarian cancer(OC),a common malignancy of the female reproductive system,has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers.A distinguishing feature of OC cells(OCCs)is their reduced autophagic flux compared w...Ovarian cancer(OC),a common malignancy of the female reproductive system,has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers.A distinguishing feature of OC cells(OCCs)is their reduced autophagic flux compared with normal cells.This phenomenon indicates that excessive autophagy activation or impaired autophagosome–lysosome fusion may lead to OCC death.This study investigated the anti-OC effects of dihydrotanshinone I(DHT),a tanshinone compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza.Proteomic analysis suggested that DHT suppressed OC growth via the autophagy–lysosome pathway,with sortilin 1(SORT1)identified as a critical target.In vitro,DHT promoted autophagosome formation mediated by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II(LC3-II),while inhibiting autophagosome–lysosome fusion.The results of an orthotopic OC model corroborated these findings,showing that DHT induced autophagic cell death(ACD)and suppressed SORT1 expression in tumors.Further RNA interference experiments confirmed that SORT1 depletion caused autophagosomes to accumulate in OCCs.Notably,we found that SORT1 interacted with autophagy-related gene(ATG)-encoded proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1,and that depleting SORT1 increased the levels of these proteins.Co-immunoprecipitation,ubiquitination,and cellular thermal shift assay analyses revealed that DHT directly targeted and promoted ubiquitin-dependent degradation of SORT1.By degrading SORT1,ATG5 and ATG16L1 were released,which enhanced autophagosome formation and disrupted the autophagic flux.These findings identified DHT as a novel autophagosome inducer that induced ACD by targeting SORT1,making it a promising therapeutic candidate for OC.展开更多
Gas exchange in human lungs is established by several flow mechanisms. In the present study, the features of gas displacement in the distal bronchioles of a human lung are investigated by both numerical calculation an...Gas exchange in human lungs is established by several flow mechanisms. In the present study, the features of gas displacement in the distal bronchioles of a human lung are investigated by both numerical calculation and experimental observation with particle image velocimetry. The effect of respiration frequency is considered, such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation. By comparing the obtained results, it has been found that the redistribution of gas is attributed to irreversible flow, which is remarkable in higher frequencies oscillation with even lower tidal volumes. Owing to the continuous driving, a time-averaged net flow was induced and intensified by the oscillation. Thus, the gas in the centre region penetrated the deeper region and the outer gas was evacuated to the upper region. Consequently, this streaming contributes to prompt gas replacement. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of the respiration wave form to consider the flow acceleration. From this inspection, it was found that the enhanced inertial force tends to encourage the irreversible flow.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,trea...Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,treated from June 2023 to May 2024,were included.All patients underwent pathological examination and CT scans,with pathological results serving as the gold standard.The diagnostic performance of CT alone and CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system was analyzed,and differences in CT imaging features and evaluation results of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules were compared.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system were significantly higher than those of CT alone(P<0.05).Moreover,the false-positive and false-negative rates were significantly lower for the combined approach compared to CT alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system effectively identifies malignant features in pulmonary nodules,providing valuable clinical reference data and enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
Oscillatory flow facilitates gas exchange in human respiration system. In the present study, both numerical calculation and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement indicate that, under the application of HFOV (Hi...Oscillatory flow facilitates gas exchange in human respiration system. In the present study, both numerical calculation and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement indicate that, under the application of HFOV (High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation), apparent steady streaming is caused and augmented in distal airways by the continuous oscillation, i.e., the core air moves downwards and the peripheral air evacuates upwards within bronchioles. The net flow of steady streaming serves to overcome the lack of tidal volume in HFOV and delivers fresh air into deeper lung region. Also, numerical calculations reveal that the intensity of steady streaming is mainly influenced by the geometry of airways with provided oscillatory frequency and tidal volume, and it rises with Re and Wo up to a Re of about 124 and Wo of about 5. Steady streaming is considered as an important factor for the ventilation efficiency of HFOV.展开更多
We investigated the compensatory trends of mesiodistal angulation of first molars in malocclusion cases. We compared differences in the angulation of first molars in different developmental stages, malocclusion classi...We investigated the compensatory trends of mesiodistal angulation of first molars in malocclusion cases. We compared differences in the angulation of first molars in different developmental stages, malocclusion classifications and skeletal patterns. The medical records and lateral cephalogrammes of 1 403 malocclusion cases taken before treatment were measured to evaluate compensation of molar angulation in relation to the skeletal jaw. The cases were stratified by age, Angle classification and skeletal patterns. Differences in the mesiodistal angulation of the first molars were compared among the stratifications. We observed three main phenomena. First,angulation of the upper first molar varied significantly with age and tipped most distally in cases aged,12 years and least distally in cases aged.16 years. The lower first molar did not show such differences. Second, in Angle Class II or skeletal Class II cases, the upper first molar was the most distally tipped, the lower first molar was the most mesially tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in Class III cases. Third, in high-angle cases, the upper and lower first molars were the most distally tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in low-angle cases. These data suggest that the angulation of the molars compensated for various growth patterns and malocclusion types. Hence, awareness of molar angulation compensation would help to adjust occlusal relationships, control anchorage and increase the chances of long-term stability.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JL23004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52473120,52472117,52072010,51972005 and 52325204).
文摘Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the composition of piezocomposites or their preparation process,a category of materials is commonly employed that do not possess piezoelectric properties themselves but play a crucial role in performance enhancement.In this review,the concept of auxiliary phase is first proposed to define these materials,aiming to provide a new perspective for designing high-performance piezocomposites.Three different categories of modulation forms of auxiliary phase in piezocomposites are systematically summarized,including the modification of piezo-matrix,the modification of piezo-fillers,and the construction of special structures.Each category emphasizes the role of the auxiliary phase and systematically discusses the latest advancements and the physical mechanisms of the auxiliary phase enhanced flexible piezocomposites.Finally,a summary and future outlook of piezocomposites based on the auxiliary phase are provided.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province,No.2022ZX02C08Heilongjiang Science and Technology Talent Spring Swallow Support Program Project,No.CYCX240092025 Graduate Innovation Research Funding Project of Harbin University of Commerce,No.YJSCX2025-833HSD。
文摘BACKGROUND Tic disorders(TDs)are a type of neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by vocal or motor tics in the head,body,or limbs.Clinical studies have shown that Changmaxifeng granules(CG)can treat TDs.However,the pharmaceutical substances and mechanism of action of CG remain unclear.AIM To investigate the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of CG against TDs,this study employs serum medicinal chemistry,network pharmacology,and molecular docking analysis.METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the blood-absorbed constituents of CG;Network pharmacology was then used to integrate these compounds with disease targets,followed by protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks analysis to pinpoint key proteins.Finally,Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses combined with molecular docking elucidated the underlying mechanism of action.RESULTS Overall,187 chemical components,including terpenoids,sugars,phenolic acids,and flavonoids,were identified in vitro.In addition,75 components,namely 49 prototype components and 26 metabolites,were identified in vivo.The PPI results revealed 225 overlapping targets,with TNF,IL-6,FOS,VEGFA,and ESR1 being the major targets.GO and KEGG analyses were performed to identify key signaling pathways and biological processes.Paeonol,evofolin B,aspalathin,and paeoniflorin were identified as potential pharmacodynamic substances based on the results of the“compound-target”network.The maximum binding energy between the core target and the active ingredient was less than-4.7 kcal/mol,indicating that the pharmacophore exhibited a strong affinity toward the core ingredient.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the in vitro and in vivo chemical components of CG and outlined their potential targets and action mechanisms.This study provides a basis for further research into the action mechanism and clinical application of CG.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42276100)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research on the regulation of high salt stress in this species.In this study,we observed that high salt stress suppressed the growth of U.prolifera and leading to the nitric oxide(NO)accumulation,along with increased gene expression levels and enzyme activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR).Treatment with GSNOR inhibitor resulted in elevated NO levels under high salt stress,accompanied by reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased glutathione(GSH)accumulation,making U.prolifera more sensitive to high salt stress.Conversely,NO scavenger treatment not only reduced NO levels,but also weakened the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera.Furthermore,using tandem mass tags(TMT)switch analysis and mass spectrometry,we observed a significant increase in S nitrosylated protein levels in U.prolifera under high salt stress,with further augmentation upon GSNOR inhibitor treatment.We also found high salt stress induced S-nitrosylation(SNO)of glutathione reductase(GR),which is negatively regulated by GSNOR,resulting in increased GR activity.Our results show that under short-term high salt stress,the elevated expression level of GSNOR avoided excessive accumulation of NO,and a certain amount of NO enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes through SNO modification,which improve the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera,whereas under long-term high salt stress,excessive NO was toxic to U.prolifera.
基金Supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51535009)111 Project of China(Grant No.B13044).
文摘The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of mechanisms based on graph theory and polynomial operation.The graph framework of the synthesis approach is built firstly,and it involves:(1)the kinematic function units extracted from mechanisms;(2)the kinematic link graph that transforms the synthesis problem from mechanical domain into graph domain;(3)two graph representations,i.e.,walk representation and path representation,of design candidates;(4)a weighted matrix theorem that transforms the synthesis process into polynomial operation.Then,the formulas and algorithm to the polynomial operation are presented.Based on them,the computational flowchart to the synthesis approach is summarized.A design example is used to validate and illustrate the synthesis approach in detail.The proposed synthesis approach is not only supportive to enumerate the design candidates to the conceptual design of a mechanical system exhaustively and automatically,but also helpful to make that enumeration process computable.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31701465)。
文摘The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51872258),Chinathe Innovation Fund of the Zhejiang Kechuang New Materials Research Institute (ZKN-20-Z03),China。
文摘Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing method and the oven method are compared.Surface hydroxyl,as opposed to adsorbed oxygen in CeF_(3)-O,is the main component of O faults on the surface of CeF_(3)-V.Small particle size and the doping atom defects of CeF_(3)-V allow for more efficient separation and faster migration of photogenerated charge carriers.CeF_(3)-V has an oxygen evolution rate of up to 1.4138 mmol/(g·h)and an apparent quantum yield of 90.90%at 550 nm.Energy tails are produced as a result of the doping O and N changing the intrinsic band structures.CeF_(3)-V shows a secondary conduction band potential that is sufficient for satisfying the minimal water oxidation potential simultaneously.These elucidate that defects in the states of doping O and N significantly influence CeF_(3) energy levels.Focusing on how the drying process affects the band structure and encourages carriers'separation via defects is valuable,which affects how well the photocatalysis works.
文摘The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on Fourier's heat conduction equation,Hooke's law and the Alexander–Hasson equation was developed to analyze the thermal stress damage mechanism involved.The damage morphology of the ablated samples was observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the cooling process has an important influence on fracture in the laser-irradiated region of single-crystal germanium.Fracture is the result of a combination of thermal stress and reduction in local yield strength.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compression and cardiopulmonary resuscitation machines were divided into two groups with 20 people in each group.The control group consists of a bare hand compression group while the observation group consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation group.The two groups of people performed heart compression on the simulated person and observe the effect of the two compression methods on the patient during the cardiac arrest operation.Results:The resuscitation success rate in the control group was 65%,the resuscitation success rate in the observation group was 90%.The systolic blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,the accuracy rate of compression depth frequency,and interruption time in the observation group(cardiac resuscitation compression group)were significantly better than the control group(bare hand compression group).Conclusion:The use of mechanical compression has a small error rate,a high success rate,saves time and effort,and can effectively help patients.It is worth promoting and applying.
基金supported by the grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(82173129 and 82203330)China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2022M711589)+1 种基金Distinguished Youth Project of Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing Health Science and Technology Development Project(YKK22065)。
文摘To the Editor:Liver resection,particularly anatomical hepatectomy,has become a vital surgical approach for managing a range of liver diseases[1].Owing to its deep anatomical position,the caudate lobe is frequently implicated in hepatobiliary diseases,necessitating precise evaluation and targeted treatment during anatomical liver resection[2,3].The caudate lobe's vascular anatomy is complex:the left portal vein branch(G1L,LPb)primarily supplies the Spiegel lobe,the bifurcation branch(G1F,HBb)feeds the paracaval region or caudate process,and the right posterior portal branch(G1C,RPb)serves the caudate process[4,5].
基金supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(92268118,82071396,82271199)the Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Foundation(2021ZDLSF03-09)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(22JK0550)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201013,GK202202006,GK202305001)the Excellent Graduate Training Program of Shaanxi Normal University(LHRCYB23003)Tian Jiabing Scholar Program.
文摘Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel immunomodulators with high efficiency and low toxicity is essential.Ellagic acid(EA),a natural polyphenol compound widely distributed in berries,is metabolically transformed by gut microbiome to exert systemic health benefits.Here,we identified that intraperitoneal administration of EA with no cytotoxicity,beyond its wellknown oral metabolic fate,effectively decreased clinical severity and central nervous system(CNS)inflammation/demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a mouse model of an autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis.Interestingly,intraperitoneal EA administration at incredibly low doses(0.1 mg/(kg·day))is dose-sparing with fingolimod(FTY720),the first FDA-approved oral drug for MS.In addition,intraperitoneal EA also ameliorated the brain damage in a neuromyelitis optica(NMO)model,and significantly prevented the immune rejection of allograft skin graft.Evidence from pharmacological studies combined with RNA-seq indicate that prototype EA functions by a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of casein kinase II(CKII)to suppress the expression of IL-17 and promote the expression of Cpt1a to regulate T helper cell 17 differentiation.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the prototype EA entering the blood circulation acts as a novel therapeutic immunomodulator for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection through the CKII-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Cpt1a signaling pathway.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971746 and 32171685)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regulatory mechanisms,remain poorly understood in alpine meadows.Here,we conducted a field experiment with four N addition rates(0,5,10,and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1))in an alpine meadow,and investigated the P in plants,microorganisms,and soil to determine their patterns of change after short-term N addition.Our results showed that N addition significantly increased plant biomass,and the plant P pool showed a non-linear response to the N addition gradient.Soil available P initially increased and then declined with increasing N addition,whereas the occluded inorganic P decreased markedly.The critical factors for soil available P varied with different N addition rates.At lower N addition levels(0 and 5 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),soil acidification facilitated the mobilization of occluded inorganic P to increase soil available P.Conversely,at higher N addition levels(10 and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),the elevated soil microbial biomass P intensified the competition with plants for soil P,leading to a decline in soil available P.This study highlights the nonlinear responses of the plant P pool and soil available P concentration to N addition rates.These responses suggest the need for developing ecosystem models to assess different effects of increasing N rates,which would enable more accurate predictions of the plant P supply and soil P cycling under N enrichment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2023YFB4705300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62205200 and 62375168)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1431600)。
文摘Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input,optimal material distribution generation,and fabrication program output,4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design.In this study,we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing.By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale,the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process.Using this strategy,the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation.Furthermore,as a proof-of-concept,a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment.This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting,leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics,micro-robotics,minimally invasive robotic surgery,and tissue engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3503900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82305001)+3 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24H280011)the Science Research Fund of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province(2023ZR014)the National Young Qihuang Scholars Training Programthe Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2022RCZXZK18,2023JKZKTS17)。
文摘Ovarian cancer(OC),a common malignancy of the female reproductive system,has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers.A distinguishing feature of OC cells(OCCs)is their reduced autophagic flux compared with normal cells.This phenomenon indicates that excessive autophagy activation or impaired autophagosome–lysosome fusion may lead to OCC death.This study investigated the anti-OC effects of dihydrotanshinone I(DHT),a tanshinone compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza.Proteomic analysis suggested that DHT suppressed OC growth via the autophagy–lysosome pathway,with sortilin 1(SORT1)identified as a critical target.In vitro,DHT promoted autophagosome formation mediated by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II(LC3-II),while inhibiting autophagosome–lysosome fusion.The results of an orthotopic OC model corroborated these findings,showing that DHT induced autophagic cell death(ACD)and suppressed SORT1 expression in tumors.Further RNA interference experiments confirmed that SORT1 depletion caused autophagosomes to accumulate in OCCs.Notably,we found that SORT1 interacted with autophagy-related gene(ATG)-encoded proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1,and that depleting SORT1 increased the levels of these proteins.Co-immunoprecipitation,ubiquitination,and cellular thermal shift assay analyses revealed that DHT directly targeted and promoted ubiquitin-dependent degradation of SORT1.By degrading SORT1,ATG5 and ATG16L1 were released,which enhanced autophagosome formation and disrupted the autophagic flux.These findings identified DHT as a novel autophagosome inducer that induced ACD by targeting SORT1,making it a promising therapeutic candidate for OC.
文摘Gas exchange in human lungs is established by several flow mechanisms. In the present study, the features of gas displacement in the distal bronchioles of a human lung are investigated by both numerical calculation and experimental observation with particle image velocimetry. The effect of respiration frequency is considered, such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation. By comparing the obtained results, it has been found that the redistribution of gas is attributed to irreversible flow, which is remarkable in higher frequencies oscillation with even lower tidal volumes. Owing to the continuous driving, a time-averaged net flow was induced and intensified by the oscillation. Thus, the gas in the centre region penetrated the deeper region and the outer gas was evacuated to the upper region. Consequently, this streaming contributes to prompt gas replacement. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of the respiration wave form to consider the flow acceleration. From this inspection, it was found that the enhanced inertial force tends to encourage the irreversible flow.
基金supported by Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Xinglin Scholars”Subject Talent Scientific Research Enhancement Plan(No.YYZX2022056).
文摘Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,treated from June 2023 to May 2024,were included.All patients underwent pathological examination and CT scans,with pathological results serving as the gold standard.The diagnostic performance of CT alone and CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system was analyzed,and differences in CT imaging features and evaluation results of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules were compared.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system were significantly higher than those of CT alone(P<0.05).Moreover,the false-positive and false-negative rates were significantly lower for the combined approach compared to CT alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system effectively identifies malignant features in pulmonary nodules,providing valuable clinical reference data and enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
文摘Oscillatory flow facilitates gas exchange in human respiration system. In the present study, both numerical calculation and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement indicate that, under the application of HFOV (High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation), apparent steady streaming is caused and augmented in distal airways by the continuous oscillation, i.e., the core air moves downwards and the peripheral air evacuates upwards within bronchioles. The net flow of steady streaming serves to overcome the lack of tidal volume in HFOV and delivers fresh air into deeper lung region. Also, numerical calculations reveal that the intensity of steady streaming is mainly influenced by the geometry of airways with provided oscillatory frequency and tidal volume, and it rises with Re and Wo up to a Re of about 124 and Wo of about 5. Steady streaming is considered as an important factor for the ventilation efficiency of HFOV.
基金supported by the Specific Research Project of Health Pro Bono Sector, Ministry of Health, China (200802056)
文摘We investigated the compensatory trends of mesiodistal angulation of first molars in malocclusion cases. We compared differences in the angulation of first molars in different developmental stages, malocclusion classifications and skeletal patterns. The medical records and lateral cephalogrammes of 1 403 malocclusion cases taken before treatment were measured to evaluate compensation of molar angulation in relation to the skeletal jaw. The cases were stratified by age, Angle classification and skeletal patterns. Differences in the mesiodistal angulation of the first molars were compared among the stratifications. We observed three main phenomena. First,angulation of the upper first molar varied significantly with age and tipped most distally in cases aged,12 years and least distally in cases aged.16 years. The lower first molar did not show such differences. Second, in Angle Class II or skeletal Class II cases, the upper first molar was the most distally tipped, the lower first molar was the most mesially tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in Class III cases. Third, in high-angle cases, the upper and lower first molars were the most distally tipped, and opposite angulation compensation was observed in low-angle cases. These data suggest that the angulation of the molars compensated for various growth patterns and malocclusion types. Hence, awareness of molar angulation compensation would help to adjust occlusal relationships, control anchorage and increase the chances of long-term stability.
