Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the compositi...Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the composition of piezocomposites or their preparation process,a category of materials is commonly employed that do not possess piezoelectric properties themselves but play a crucial role in performance enhancement.In this review,the concept of auxiliary phase is first proposed to define these materials,aiming to provide a new perspective for designing high-performance piezocomposites.Three different categories of modulation forms of auxiliary phase in piezocomposites are systematically summarized,including the modification of piezo-matrix,the modification of piezo-fillers,and the construction of special structures.Each category emphasizes the role of the auxiliary phase and systematically discusses the latest advancements and the physical mechanisms of the auxiliary phase enhanced flexible piezocomposites.Finally,a summary and future outlook of piezocomposites based on the auxiliary phase are provided.展开更多
Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research...Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research on the regulation of high salt stress in this species.In this study,we observed that high salt stress suppressed the growth of U.prolifera and leading to the nitric oxide(NO)accumulation,along with increased gene expression levels and enzyme activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR).Treatment with GSNOR inhibitor resulted in elevated NO levels under high salt stress,accompanied by reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased glutathione(GSH)accumulation,making U.prolifera more sensitive to high salt stress.Conversely,NO scavenger treatment not only reduced NO levels,but also weakened the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera.Furthermore,using tandem mass tags(TMT)switch analysis and mass spectrometry,we observed a significant increase in S nitrosylated protein levels in U.prolifera under high salt stress,with further augmentation upon GSNOR inhibitor treatment.We also found high salt stress induced S-nitrosylation(SNO)of glutathione reductase(GR),which is negatively regulated by GSNOR,resulting in increased GR activity.Our results show that under short-term high salt stress,the elevated expression level of GSNOR avoided excessive accumulation of NO,and a certain amount of NO enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes through SNO modification,which improve the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera,whereas under long-term high salt stress,excessive NO was toxic to U.prolifera.展开更多
Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel...Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel immunomodulators with high efficiency and low toxicity is essential.Ellagic acid(EA),a natural polyphenol compound widely distributed in berries,is metabolically transformed by gut microbiome to exert systemic health benefits.Here,we identified that intraperitoneal administration of EA with no cytotoxicity,beyond its wellknown oral metabolic fate,effectively decreased clinical severity and central nervous system(CNS)inflammation/demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a mouse model of an autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis.Interestingly,intraperitoneal EA administration at incredibly low doses(0.1 mg/(kg·day))is dose-sparing with fingolimod(FTY720),the first FDA-approved oral drug for MS.In addition,intraperitoneal EA also ameliorated the brain damage in a neuromyelitis optica(NMO)model,and significantly prevented the immune rejection of allograft skin graft.Evidence from pharmacological studies combined with RNA-seq indicate that prototype EA functions by a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of casein kinase II(CKII)to suppress the expression of IL-17 and promote the expression of Cpt1a to regulate T helper cell 17 differentiation.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the prototype EA entering the blood circulation acts as a novel therapeutic immunomodulator for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection through the CKII-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Cpt1a signaling pathway.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regul...Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regulatory mechanisms,remain poorly understood in alpine meadows.Here,we conducted a field experiment with four N addition rates(0,5,10,and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1))in an alpine meadow,and investigated the P in plants,microorganisms,and soil to determine their patterns of change after short-term N addition.Our results showed that N addition significantly increased plant biomass,and the plant P pool showed a non-linear response to the N addition gradient.Soil available P initially increased and then declined with increasing N addition,whereas the occluded inorganic P decreased markedly.The critical factors for soil available P varied with different N addition rates.At lower N addition levels(0 and 5 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),soil acidification facilitated the mobilization of occluded inorganic P to increase soil available P.Conversely,at higher N addition levels(10 and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),the elevated soil microbial biomass P intensified the competition with plants for soil P,leading to a decline in soil available P.This study highlights the nonlinear responses of the plant P pool and soil available P concentration to N addition rates.These responses suggest the need for developing ecosystem models to assess different effects of increasing N rates,which would enable more accurate predictions of the plant P supply and soil P cycling under N enrichment.展开更多
Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the t...Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input,optimal material distribution generation,and fabrication program output,4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design.In this study,we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing.By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale,the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process.Using this strategy,the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation.Furthermore,as a proof-of-concept,a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment.This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting,leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics,micro-robotics,minimally invasive robotic surgery,and tissue engineering.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,trea...Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,treated from June 2023 to May 2024,were included.All patients underwent pathological examination and CT scans,with pathological results serving as the gold standard.The diagnostic performance of CT alone and CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system was analyzed,and differences in CT imaging features and evaluation results of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules were compared.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system were significantly higher than those of CT alone(P<0.05).Moreover,the false-positive and false-negative rates were significantly lower for the combined approach compared to CT alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system effectively identifies malignant features in pulmonary nodules,providing valuable clinical reference data and enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of ...The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of mechanisms based on graph theory and polynomial operation.The graph framework of the synthesis approach is built firstly,and it involves:(1)the kinematic function units extracted from mechanisms;(2)the kinematic link graph that transforms the synthesis problem from mechanical domain into graph domain;(3)two graph representations,i.e.,walk representation and path representation,of design candidates;(4)a weighted matrix theorem that transforms the synthesis process into polynomial operation.Then,the formulas and algorithm to the polynomial operation are presented.Based on them,the computational flowchart to the synthesis approach is summarized.A design example is used to validate and illustrate the synthesis approach in detail.The proposed synthesis approach is not only supportive to enumerate the design candidates to the conceptual design of a mechanical system exhaustively and automatically,but also helpful to make that enumeration process computable.展开更多
The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism ...The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.展开更多
Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing...Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing method and the oven method are compared.Surface hydroxyl,as opposed to adsorbed oxygen in CeF_(3)-O,is the main component of O faults on the surface of CeF_(3)-V.Small particle size and the doping atom defects of CeF_(3)-V allow for more efficient separation and faster migration of photogenerated charge carriers.CeF_(3)-V has an oxygen evolution rate of up to 1.4138 mmol/(g·h)and an apparent quantum yield of 90.90%at 550 nm.Energy tails are produced as a result of the doping O and N changing the intrinsic band structures.CeF_(3)-V shows a secondary conduction band potential that is sufficient for satisfying the minimal water oxidation potential simultaneously.These elucidate that defects in the states of doping O and N significantly influence CeF_(3) energy levels.Focusing on how the drying process affects the band structure and encourages carriers'separation via defects is valuable,which affects how well the photocatalysis works.展开更多
The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model base...The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on Fourier's heat conduction equation,Hooke's law and the Alexander–Hasson equation was developed to analyze the thermal stress damage mechanism involved.The damage morphology of the ablated samples was observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the cooling process has an important influence on fracture in the laser-irradiated region of single-crystal germanium.Fracture is the result of a combination of thermal stress and reduction in local yield strength.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compres...Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compression and cardiopulmonary resuscitation machines were divided into two groups with 20 people in each group.The control group consists of a bare hand compression group while the observation group consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation group.The two groups of people performed heart compression on the simulated person and observe the effect of the two compression methods on the patient during the cardiac arrest operation.Results:The resuscitation success rate in the control group was 65%,the resuscitation success rate in the observation group was 90%.The systolic blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,the accuracy rate of compression depth frequency,and interruption time in the observation group(cardiac resuscitation compression group)were significantly better than the control group(bare hand compression group).Conclusion:The use of mechanical compression has a small error rate,a high success rate,saves time and effort,and can effectively help patients.It is worth promoting and applying.展开更多
Elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic activity and extend the light absorption range of single-component photocatalysts.In this work,a series of La-doped CeO_(2) nanorods(La-CeO_(2)-x) wi...Elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic activity and extend the light absorption range of single-component photocatalysts.In this work,a series of La-doped CeO_(2) nanorods(La-CeO_(2)-x) with La content of 1 wt%-15 wt% are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and further used as photocatalyst for sulfamerazine(SMR) degradation.The prepared La-CeO_(2)-x nanorods exhibit a great improvement in electron-hole pair migration and visible-light response due to the synergistic effect of abundant oxygen vacancies and heterogeneous elements(La).Consequently,La-CeO_(2)-x exhibited excellent visible-light photocatalytic performances and chemical stability for SMR degradation,the La-CeO_(2)-5 sample achieved the highest SMR degradation rate of 81%,which was 3.4 times higher than that of the original CeO_(2).Furthermore,three possible degradation pathways of SMR in La-CeO_(2) photocatalytic reactions were proposed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.Finally,density functional theory calculations were carried out to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure-performance relationships.Considering its excellent properties and better photocatalytic performance,this study demonstrates that La doping in CeO_(2) is an effective way to increase oxygen vacancy and improve the photochemical properties of photocatalysts.展开更多
Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasi...Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.展开更多
Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with...Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.展开更多
Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the...Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.展开更多
The density and composition of lymphocytes infiltrating colon tumors serve as predictive factors for the clinical outcome of colon cancer.Our previous studies highlighted the potent anti-cancer properties of the princ...The density and composition of lymphocytes infiltrating colon tumors serve as predictive factors for the clinical outcome of colon cancer.Our previous studies highlighted the potent anti-cancer properties of the principal compounds found in Garcinia yunnanensis(YTE-17),attributing these effects to the regu-lation of multiple signaling pathways.However,knowledge regarding the mechanism and effect of YTE-17 in the prevention of colorectal cancer is limited.In this study,we conducted isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)analysis on intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)exposed YTE-17,both in vitro and in vivo,revealing a significant inhibition of the Wnt family member 5a(Wnt5a)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling pathway.Subsequently,we elucidated the influence and mechanism of YTE-17 on the tumor microenvironment(TME),specifically focusing on macrophage-mediated T helper 17(Th17)cell induction in a colitis-associated cancer(CAC)model with Wnt5a deletion.Additionally,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)on the colonic tissue from the Wnt5a-deleted CAC model to characterize the composition,lineage,and functional status of immune mesenchymal cells during different stages of colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.Remarkably,our findings demon-strate a significant reduction in M2 macrophage polarization and Th17 cell phenotype upon treatment with YTE-17,leading to the restoration of regulatory T(Treg)/Th17 cell balance in azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)model.Furthermore,we also confirmed that YTE-17 effectively inhibited the glycolysis of Th17 cells in both direct and indirect co-culture systems with M2 macrophages.Notably,our study shed light on potential mechanisms linking the non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signaling pathway and well-established canonical b-catenin oncogenic pathway in vivo.Specifically,we proposed that Wnt5a/JNK signaling activity in IECs promotes the development of cancer stem cells with b-catenin activity within the TME,involving macrophages and T cells.In summary,our study undergoes the po-tential of YTE-17 as a preventive strategy against CRC development by addressing the imbalance with the immune microenvironment,thereby mitigating the risk of malignancies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have sh...BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JL23004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52473120,52472117,52072010,51972005 and 52325204).
文摘Piezocomposites with both flexibility and electromechanical conversion characteristics have been widely applied in various fields,including sensors,energy harvesting,catalysis,and biomedical treatment.In the composition of piezocomposites or their preparation process,a category of materials is commonly employed that do not possess piezoelectric properties themselves but play a crucial role in performance enhancement.In this review,the concept of auxiliary phase is first proposed to define these materials,aiming to provide a new perspective for designing high-performance piezocomposites.Three different categories of modulation forms of auxiliary phase in piezocomposites are systematically summarized,including the modification of piezo-matrix,the modification of piezo-fillers,and the construction of special structures.Each category emphasizes the role of the auxiliary phase and systematically discusses the latest advancements and the physical mechanisms of the auxiliary phase enhanced flexible piezocomposites.Finally,a summary and future outlook of piezocomposites based on the auxiliary phase are provided.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42276100)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Ulva prolifera,the primary causative species of green tide,has garnered significant attention due to its robust growth and reproductive capacity under high salt stress.However,there has been relatively little research on the regulation of high salt stress in this species.In this study,we observed that high salt stress suppressed the growth of U.prolifera and leading to the nitric oxide(NO)accumulation,along with increased gene expression levels and enzyme activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase(GSNOR).Treatment with GSNOR inhibitor resulted in elevated NO levels under high salt stress,accompanied by reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased glutathione(GSH)accumulation,making U.prolifera more sensitive to high salt stress.Conversely,NO scavenger treatment not only reduced NO levels,but also weakened the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera.Furthermore,using tandem mass tags(TMT)switch analysis and mass spectrometry,we observed a significant increase in S nitrosylated protein levels in U.prolifera under high salt stress,with further augmentation upon GSNOR inhibitor treatment.We also found high salt stress induced S-nitrosylation(SNO)of glutathione reductase(GR),which is negatively regulated by GSNOR,resulting in increased GR activity.Our results show that under short-term high salt stress,the elevated expression level of GSNOR avoided excessive accumulation of NO,and a certain amount of NO enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes through SNO modification,which improve the high salt stress tolerance of U.prolifera,whereas under long-term high salt stress,excessive NO was toxic to U.prolifera.
基金supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(92268118,82071396,82271199)the Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Foundation(2021ZDLSF03-09)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(22JK0550)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201013,GK202202006,GK202305001)the Excellent Graduate Training Program of Shaanxi Normal University(LHRCYB23003)Tian Jiabing Scholar Program.
文摘Immunosuppressants currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection present diverse adverse effects that impair the life quality of patients.Therefore,the development of novel immunomodulators with high efficiency and low toxicity is essential.Ellagic acid(EA),a natural polyphenol compound widely distributed in berries,is metabolically transformed by gut microbiome to exert systemic health benefits.Here,we identified that intraperitoneal administration of EA with no cytotoxicity,beyond its wellknown oral metabolic fate,effectively decreased clinical severity and central nervous system(CNS)inflammation/demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a mouse model of an autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis.Interestingly,intraperitoneal EA administration at incredibly low doses(0.1 mg/(kg·day))is dose-sparing with fingolimod(FTY720),the first FDA-approved oral drug for MS.In addition,intraperitoneal EA also ameliorated the brain damage in a neuromyelitis optica(NMO)model,and significantly prevented the immune rejection of allograft skin graft.Evidence from pharmacological studies combined with RNA-seq indicate that prototype EA functions by a mechanism that involves direct inhibition of casein kinase II(CKII)to suppress the expression of IL-17 and promote the expression of Cpt1a to regulate T helper cell 17 differentiation.In conclusion,our study demonstrates that the prototype EA entering the blood circulation acts as a novel therapeutic immunomodulator for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection through the CKII-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Cpt1a signaling pathway.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971746 and 32171685)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)enrichment is expected to induce a greater phosphorus(P)limitation,despite the acceleration of soil P cycling.However,the changing patterns in plant P and soil available P after N enrichment,and their regulatory mechanisms,remain poorly understood in alpine meadows.Here,we conducted a field experiment with four N addition rates(0,5,10,and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1))in an alpine meadow,and investigated the P in plants,microorganisms,and soil to determine their patterns of change after short-term N addition.Our results showed that N addition significantly increased plant biomass,and the plant P pool showed a non-linear response to the N addition gradient.Soil available P initially increased and then declined with increasing N addition,whereas the occluded inorganic P decreased markedly.The critical factors for soil available P varied with different N addition rates.At lower N addition levels(0 and 5 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),soil acidification facilitated the mobilization of occluded inorganic P to increase soil available P.Conversely,at higher N addition levels(10 and 15 g N m^(-2)yr^(-1)),the elevated soil microbial biomass P intensified the competition with plants for soil P,leading to a decline in soil available P.This study highlights the nonlinear responses of the plant P pool and soil available P concentration to N addition rates.These responses suggest the need for developing ecosystem models to assess different effects of increasing N rates,which would enable more accurate predictions of the plant P supply and soil P cycling under N enrichment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2023YFB4705300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62205200 and 62375168)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1431600)。
文摘Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems.However,due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input,optimal material distribution generation,and fabrication program output,4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design.In this study,we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing.By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale,the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process.Using this strategy,the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation.Furthermore,as a proof-of-concept,a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment.This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting,leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics,micro-robotics,minimally invasive robotic surgery,and tissue engineering.
基金supported by Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Xinglin Scholars”Subject Talent Scientific Research Enhancement Plan(No.YYZX2022056).
文摘Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography(CT)diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules,treated from June 2023 to May 2024,were included.All patients underwent pathological examination and CT scans,with pathological results serving as the gold standard.The diagnostic performance of CT alone and CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system was analyzed,and differences in CT imaging features and evaluation results of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules were compared.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system were significantly higher than those of CT alone(P<0.05).Moreover,the false-positive and false-negative rates were significantly lower for the combined approach compared to CT alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system effectively identifies malignant features in pulmonary nodules,providing valuable clinical reference data and enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
基金Supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51535009)111 Project of China(Grant No.B13044).
文摘The design synthesis is the key issue in the mechanical conceptual design to generate the design candidates that meet the design requirements.This paper devotes to propose a novel and computable synthesis approach of mechanisms based on graph theory and polynomial operation.The graph framework of the synthesis approach is built firstly,and it involves:(1)the kinematic function units extracted from mechanisms;(2)the kinematic link graph that transforms the synthesis problem from mechanical domain into graph domain;(3)two graph representations,i.e.,walk representation and path representation,of design candidates;(4)a weighted matrix theorem that transforms the synthesis process into polynomial operation.Then,the formulas and algorithm to the polynomial operation are presented.Based on them,the computational flowchart to the synthesis approach is summarized.A design example is used to validate and illustrate the synthesis approach in detail.The proposed synthesis approach is not only supportive to enumerate the design candidates to the conceptual design of a mechanical system exhaustively and automatically,but also helpful to make that enumeration process computable.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31701465)。
文摘The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51872258),Chinathe Innovation Fund of the Zhejiang Kechuang New Materials Research Institute (ZKN-20-Z03),China。
文摘Drying methods have been verified to have a considerable impact on photocatalytic efficiency via altering surface area.In this study,the preparations of O,N-CeF_(3) under identical conditions using the vacuum freezing method and the oven method are compared.Surface hydroxyl,as opposed to adsorbed oxygen in CeF_(3)-O,is the main component of O faults on the surface of CeF_(3)-V.Small particle size and the doping atom defects of CeF_(3)-V allow for more efficient separation and faster migration of photogenerated charge carriers.CeF_(3)-V has an oxygen evolution rate of up to 1.4138 mmol/(g·h)and an apparent quantum yield of 90.90%at 550 nm.Energy tails are produced as a result of the doping O and N changing the intrinsic band structures.CeF_(3)-V shows a secondary conduction band potential that is sufficient for satisfying the minimal water oxidation potential simultaneously.These elucidate that defects in the states of doping O and N significantly influence CeF_(3) energy levels.Focusing on how the drying process affects the band structure and encourages carriers'separation via defects is valuable,which affects how well the photocatalysis works.
文摘The process of thermal stress damage during 1080 nm laser ablation of single-crystal germanium was recorded in real time using a high-speed charge-coupled device.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model based on Fourier's heat conduction equation,Hooke's law and the Alexander–Hasson equation was developed to analyze the thermal stress damage mechanism involved.The damage morphology of the ablated samples was observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the cooling process has an important influence on fracture in the laser-irradiated region of single-crystal germanium.Fracture is the result of a combination of thermal stress and reduction in local yield strength.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of mechanical and manual compression on the resuscitation effect of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:The 40 trained medical personnel who are skilled in bare hand compression and cardiopulmonary resuscitation machines were divided into two groups with 20 people in each group.The control group consists of a bare hand compression group while the observation group consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation group.The two groups of people performed heart compression on the simulated person and observe the effect of the two compression methods on the patient during the cardiac arrest operation.Results:The resuscitation success rate in the control group was 65%,the resuscitation success rate in the observation group was 90%.The systolic blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,the accuracy rate of compression depth frequency,and interruption time in the observation group(cardiac resuscitation compression group)were significantly better than the control group(bare hand compression group).Conclusion:The use of mechanical compression has a small error rate,a high success rate,saves time and effort,and can effectively help patients.It is worth promoting and applying.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20230705)+3 种基金the Industry-University Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China (No.BY20221227)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No.22KJB610014)the Talent-Recruiting Program of Nanjing Institute of Technology (No.YKJ202124)the Open Fund of Advanced Industrial Technology Research Institute,Nanjing Institute of Technology (No. XJY202110)。
文摘Elemental doping is an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic activity and extend the light absorption range of single-component photocatalysts.In this work,a series of La-doped CeO_(2) nanorods(La-CeO_(2)-x) with La content of 1 wt%-15 wt% are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and further used as photocatalyst for sulfamerazine(SMR) degradation.The prepared La-CeO_(2)-x nanorods exhibit a great improvement in electron-hole pair migration and visible-light response due to the synergistic effect of abundant oxygen vacancies and heterogeneous elements(La).Consequently,La-CeO_(2)-x exhibited excellent visible-light photocatalytic performances and chemical stability for SMR degradation,the La-CeO_(2)-5 sample achieved the highest SMR degradation rate of 81%,which was 3.4 times higher than that of the original CeO_(2).Furthermore,three possible degradation pathways of SMR in La-CeO_(2) photocatalytic reactions were proposed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.Finally,density functional theory calculations were carried out to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure-performance relationships.Considering its excellent properties and better photocatalytic performance,this study demonstrates that La doping in CeO_(2) is an effective way to increase oxygen vacancy and improve the photochemical properties of photocatalysts.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2400403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82201017,51972005)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710257).
文摘Compared with teenage patients,adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment,indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force.However,this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date,leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics.Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue,this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.The age-related abatements in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in adult cells and periodontal tissue may contribute to retarded and unbalanced bone metabolism,thus hindering alveolar bone reconstruction during orthodontic treatment.To this end,periodontal surgery,physical and chemical cues are being developed to reactivate or rejuvenate the aging periodontium and restore the dynamic equilibrium of orthodontic-mediated alveolar bone metabolism.We anticipate that this review will present a general overview of the role that aging plays in orthodontic alveolar bone metabolism and shed new light on the prospective ways out of the impasse.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192900,82192901,82192904,81941018,and 91846303)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research(BMU2022MX025)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kongsupported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust(212946/Z/18/Z,202922/Z/16/Z,104085/Z/14/Z,and 088158/Z/09/Z)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0900500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81390540)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2011BAI09B01)。
文摘Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.
基金the financial supports from the KeyArea Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B090919001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078144)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research (2021A1515010138 and 2023A1515010686)。
文摘Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.
基金supported by“Jiaotong University Star”Program,China(Grant No.:YG2022QN082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82204887)+1 种基金the Science Foundation for Shanghai Committee of Science Project,China(Grant Nos.:21S21901400,23S21901200)the Natural Science Research Foundation of Jiading District,China(Grant No.:JDKW-2021-0023).
文摘The density and composition of lymphocytes infiltrating colon tumors serve as predictive factors for the clinical outcome of colon cancer.Our previous studies highlighted the potent anti-cancer properties of the principal compounds found in Garcinia yunnanensis(YTE-17),attributing these effects to the regu-lation of multiple signaling pathways.However,knowledge regarding the mechanism and effect of YTE-17 in the prevention of colorectal cancer is limited.In this study,we conducted isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)analysis on intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)exposed YTE-17,both in vitro and in vivo,revealing a significant inhibition of the Wnt family member 5a(Wnt5a)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling pathway.Subsequently,we elucidated the influence and mechanism of YTE-17 on the tumor microenvironment(TME),specifically focusing on macrophage-mediated T helper 17(Th17)cell induction in a colitis-associated cancer(CAC)model with Wnt5a deletion.Additionally,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)on the colonic tissue from the Wnt5a-deleted CAC model to characterize the composition,lineage,and functional status of immune mesenchymal cells during different stages of colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.Remarkably,our findings demon-strate a significant reduction in M2 macrophage polarization and Th17 cell phenotype upon treatment with YTE-17,leading to the restoration of regulatory T(Treg)/Th17 cell balance in azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)model.Furthermore,we also confirmed that YTE-17 effectively inhibited the glycolysis of Th17 cells in both direct and indirect co-culture systems with M2 macrophages.Notably,our study shed light on potential mechanisms linking the non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signaling pathway and well-established canonical b-catenin oncogenic pathway in vivo.Specifically,we proposed that Wnt5a/JNK signaling activity in IECs promotes the development of cancer stem cells with b-catenin activity within the TME,involving macrophages and T cells.In summary,our study undergoes the po-tential of YTE-17 as a preventive strategy against CRC development by addressing the imbalance with the immune microenvironment,thereby mitigating the risk of malignancies.
基金The 2023 Scientific Research Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20231081The"Spark"Youth Research Project,The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,No.XH202302.
文摘BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.
