摘要
讨论了世界及我国植物园的建立、发展及近代植物园的性质与任务。本文第一作者曾指出中国科学院下属植物园的建立、建设和以科研为先导 ,推动科普与生产等工作 ,可以概括为一新兴的、综合性的学科———植物系统与工程学 ,或称新植物园学。并对中国科学院下属植物园科研、科普、建园、生产等作过论述。另外指出中国植物园与发达国家植物园之间的差距在于中国植物园的体制、管理机制、经济支撑与高素质的科技人才的努力工作精神。同时中国植物园信息研究、管理与交流滞后 ;在园貌建设方面 ,中国植物园与发达国家植物园相比 ,缺乏中国经典的建筑群与雕塑群 ,也缺少具中国特色的“师出自然”的造园手法与造林中的“适地适树”的有机结合等。过去提出植物园主要任务是植物引种驯化 ,即“从种子到种子”。作者认为过分强调“从种子到种子”有其“误区”。对园艺花卉、蔬菜及观叶植物而言 ,只需能长好叶或开好花 ,能批量生产、快速繁殖出来满足市场需要就是成果 ,而无需考虑种子的出处 ,或种子的有或无。原产中国多种杨树及柳树种子生育力已极度退化 ,原产地都难以“从种子到种子” ,但却是速生、无性繁殖力极强的树种。而若干有害杂草 ,如紫茎泽兰、薇苷菊、凤眼莲等从国外传入中国 ,无须“驯化”、却极容易?
The function and jobs of Botanical Gardens should be the ground of the research and experiment for Plant Systematics and Engineering & Technology. It's included the research fields on Bio-diversity, also given the popular education of Botany, environment science and concerned with other natural and social sciences for the people, either students or tourists, and researched and exchanged for the Information Sciences. Besides, to design the gardening and to product the gardening plants both are the useful work for the BGs. Comparing BGs between China and abroad, now, it should strengthen the administration, increase the Chinese cultural sculptures in some BGs in China. Also authors consider, the purpose of plant acclimatization in BGs is for breeding and improving the varieties and cultivars of plants, do not emphasizing the technique 'from seeds to seeds', because some good seedlings or nursery plants are from artificial propagation, even from 'Clone'. The species of Salix and Populus are difficult to get breedings from seeds, but it easy to get seedlings from asexual reproduction, and the harmful weeds, such as Eupatoriun coelesticum L., Mikania micrantha H. B. K. and Eichhornia crassipes (C. Mart) Solms. are easy to expand the distribution areas 'from seeds to seeds' without the artificial acclimatization.
出处
《植物研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期379-384,共6页
Bulletin of Botanical Research
