摘要
介绍了土壤多样性理论的基本概念与研究方法以及在西班牙、美国等欧美国家的研究实践 ,包括在欧盟 CORINE数据库和美国 STATSGO数据库支持下进行的多样性主要指数 (多样性指数、均匀度指数和多度指数等 )的算法、主要模型 (多度分布模型、幂律模型等 )的分析、GIS和地统计学方法的应用等。通过这些研究实践 ,可以看出土壤多样性理论在研究土壤的空间可变性、土壤景观格局的相互关系 ,土地利用与城市化过程对土壤多样性的影响等方面确有独到之处 ,为解决当前我国土壤学面临的环境资源可持续发展、环境监控、基因保护、城市化过程等热点问题提供了一个崭新的研究思路 。
Species diversity indices, Abundance distribution models and diversity-area relationships are tools of biological diversity analysis that have been used by ecologists for decades while little attention has been paid to analyses of pedodiversity. Only recently, these techniques were considered in a more general setting, and have been applied to explore notions such as pedodiversity (as an example of geodiversity in a broad sense, including also geomorphic diversity), in order to detect the differences and similarities between both natural resources, biological and non-biological. The discussion has mainly been conducted through the studies by a Spanish research team and an American one. Standard statistical techniques have been applied based on some soil related databases like CORINE in Europe and STATSGO in the US to analyze how the pedotaxa-abundance distribution conforms to the abundance distribution models and how pedorichness-area data fit to the diversity-area models after some basic diversity indices calculated. Since results in ecological literature are usually interpreted in biological terms, the analysis in the above mentioned studies may be relevant to offer some suggestions to the following questions including the reasons for the similarities obtained between biotic and soil resources, possible modification of the ecological theory structure once the said similarities have been proven, and the implications for environmental management and assessment. These initial quantitative analysis studies raise many opportunities for future research in China with some key directions like how to use of improved soil databases, monitor changes in pedodiversity in response to changing land-use, establish the societal value of undisturbed rare and unique soils, and focus conservation efforts in pedodiversity “hotspots” where most severely impacted by human activities including intensive agriculture and growing urbanization.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第5期1063-1072,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 1710 44 )~~
