摘要
在陕西渭北黄土高原沟壑区,通过田间试验研究冬小麦不同栽培模式对旱地土壤水分和水分生产效率的影响.试验设栽培模式、施氮和密度等3种因子,栽培模式设露地栽培 常规 、秸秆覆盖 覆草 、地膜覆盖 平膜 、垄上覆膜沟中覆草垄沟种植 垄沟 4种方式;施氮设不施氮、施120kg/hm2N和240kg/hm2N三个水平;密度设播量180kg/hm2和225kg/hm22个水平.试验结果表明,不同栽培模式下土壤水分在不同生育期的变化趋势基本一致;平覆膜与垄沟种植均有良好的保墒和集水作用,平覆膜水分的生产效率比常规模式增加41.3%～52.4%;垄沟种植比常规模式增加38.8%～64.6%.覆草具有一定的保墒作用,在小麦生长前期及40cm以上的土层中效果明显,其水分生产效率高于常规种植的24.1%.氮肥对土壤贮水量具有极显著影响,但不同密度对土壤贮水量基本上无影响.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different winter wheat cultivation methods on dynamic soil moisture and water use efficiency in Weibei plateau, Shaanxi province. The study concerned about four cultivation modules(No mulch, straw mulch, plastic film mulch and furrow), two wheat densities(seed rate of 180 and 225 kg/hm^2) and three Nitrogen fertilizer levels(0, 120 and 240 (kg N/hm^2)). The results showed that the fluctuation of soil water content during winter wheat growth was nearly same in different cultivation modules. Treatments of plastic film mulch and furrow showed the function of preserving of soil moisture and water collecting in soil. Water use efficiencies of plastic film mulch and furrow cultivation were 41.3%～52.4% and 38.8%～64.6% greater than that of no mulch respectively. Straw mulch also could preserve soil moisture, especially in the early stage of wheat growth and in 0～40 cm of soil depth. Water use efficiency of straw mulch was 24.1% higher than that no mulch. Amount of N fertilizer had a remarkable impact on soil water capacity while wheat density didn't.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第6期1066-1071,共6页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目资助 (30230230 )
关键词
旱地
小麦栽培模式
土壤水分
水分生产效率
dryland
wheat cultivation modules
soil water
water use efficiency
