摘要
本文对汉字规范的社会性和科学性问题进行了探讨。文章指出 ,科学性指的是汉字的自然规律 ,包括它的结构规律、演变规律、互相关联的规律和自成系统的规律 ,这种内在的规律是客观的。社会性指的是汉字在使用时受社会制约的人文性 ,语言文字是符号 ,但不是单纯的数理符号 ,它是在人文社会中被全民使用着也改变着的符号。汉字的通行度、社会性分布和人为调整的可能性 ,都是它社会性的反映。科学性与社会性二者是互相制约的 ,而社会对汉字的人为调节 ,无论如何不能违背它自身的规律。文章指出 ,在确立常用字和通用字时 ,统计方法需要更加完善 ,必须考虑通行度问题。在处理规范字表的字际关系时 ,应当考虑采用异体字严格的科学界定 ,重视简繁字的对应。在对字形进行规范时 ,要慎重使用“类推”的原则。文章指出 ,在新形势下修订规范汉字表 ,应当坚持正确的理念 ,把社会性和科学性结合起来 ,将汉字规范问题置于国家先进文化建设的重要地位上来认识和操作。
This article discusses the social acceptance and scientificness of the standardization of Chinese characters. As a writing system, Chinese characters have its own rules in structure, evolution and inter relation. On the other hand, the use of the characters is restrained by the society. Unlike mathematic symbols, language is a symbol system that is kept in use and changed by all members of a society. The frequency of use, social distribution and adjustability of Chinese characters reflect their social acceptance. The scientificness and social acceptance lay constraints to each other. Statistical methods should be improved in deciding frequently used characters and characters with different shapes but same pronunciation and meaning. Variant forms of characters should be strictly defined; the simplified forms should be properly related to their classical counterparts; and the principle of generalization should be applied with caution. The revision of the current list of standard Chinese characters should be guided with right ideas and take into consideration both the social acceptance and scientificness of Chinese characters. The standardization of Chinese characters should be regarded as an important aspect in construction of an advance civilization.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第3期171-179,共9页
Social Sciences in China
