摘要
1986—1990年,在群体水培、大田及盆栽条件下,对不同类型水稻品种、不同氮素处理的根量、活力、籽粒灌浆结实、物质积累与分配等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)水稻品种间根量差异较大,主要由上层根量不同所致;(2)结实期平均根系活力随品种伸长节间数的增加呈下降趋势,与根量呈负相关;(3)不同生育期氮素处理对根量的影响以前期最大、中期次之、后期最小;(4)生育前期缺氮下层根系活力下降幅度较大,中期缺氮上层根系活力下降幅度较大,后期则因稻体含氮水平而异;(5)结实期颖花根活量与籽粒的灌浆强度、结实率、粒重均呈极显著正相关,提高颖花根活量能显著地提高净同化率,并促进同化产物向籽粒和根系输送,较少地滞留在叶内。认为增加颖花根活量是提高水稻结实率和粒重的有效途径。并对水稻高产栽培途径进行了探讨。
During 1986—1990 with the cultural conditions of solution,field and pot,differ-ent types of rice varieties and nitrogen treatments were studied with respect to:theamount and activity of roots,the features of grain filling and ripening,the accumula-tion and distribution of assimilated material.Results obtained could be summarized asfollows:1.Root amount varied with varieties to a considerable extent mainly due tothe changing of the amount of the superficial roots;2.In ripening stage, averageroots activity of a variety decreased with the increasing of the number of elongatedinternodes,and was negativelycorrelated with roots amount significantly(r=-0.8687^(**));3.The effects of nitrogen on root amount decreased in order of early,mid-dle and late treatment;4.The hypoficial roots activity at ripening stage decreased con-siderably for early nitrogen deficiency treatments,the superficial roots activity droppedobviously for nitrogen deficiency in middle growth stage,and the effect of latetreatmeut varied due to the nitrogen level in plant;5.A new concept of spikelet-root-activity(SRA,μgα-NA/spikelet)was proposed to relate the grains of filling with rootsactivity which was a ratio of the whole roots activity[whole roots weight(g)rootsactivity(μgα-NA/g)]to the total number of spikelets in ripening period.SRA hadsignificant positive correlations with the rate of grain filling,the ripened grains percen-tage and grain weight(with r=0.857^(**),0.866^(**)and 0.860^(**),respectively).Increasing SRA could effectively raise the net photosynthesis rate(r=0.718^(**)),increase the amount of assimilated material translocated to roots from leaves.Increasing SRA was an efficient way for higher percentage of ripened grain and highergrain weight.Approaches to high-yielding cultivation in rice were also discussed inthe article.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第2期81-89,共9页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
江苏省科委资助课题
关键词
水稻
根系
颖花根活量
结实
氮素
Rice
Root system
Nitrogen treatment
Spikelet-root-activity
Ripening
