第三人精神上损害之研究被引量：23

A Study of the Compensation for the Mental Impairment to the Third Party

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摘要因故意或过失而造成第三人产生精神损害时,是否应负损害赔偿责任?依美国法之规定,与直接受害人存有紧密亲属关系,以及处于“危险范围”与采“正常合理人”标准之第三人,且亲眼目睹受害人严重损害结果者,皆有可能要求赔偿。依我国台湾地区民法之规定,与直接受害人有身份上的关系,过失行为侵害了其身份权利者,且直接受害人受害情节重大,请求权人所受之精神损害亦情节重大时,可加以请求。大陆民法典草案与国际接轨及对人格权重视之基本思考,令人赞赏,但若将学者研究之共识及海外立法相关部分予以参考,增加对第三人遭受精神损害赔偿之规范,则对人权之保障更为完整。 When the third party is mentally impaired, should the third party have the right to demand compensation? According to the law of USA, the persons who not only witness the serious impairment of the victims but also have close kinsfolk relationship or are within the dangerous situation or 'reasonably normal person' have the right to demand compensation for their mental losses. According to the civil laws of Taiwan Province, when the impairment to personal right of the direct victim is obvious,those who should get benefit from the victim's personal right and suffered greatly from the mental impairment has the right to demand compensation for their mental impairment. In the making of Chinese civil code, we are pleased to see the person right be fully considered, and only when the compensation for the mental impairment to the third party is taken into full consideration, which are based on the scholar's study and the corresponding items in abroad civil codes,can the person rights be better protected in the civil code.

作者潘维大

机构地区东吴大学法学院

出处《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》北大核心 2004年第1期29-37,共9页 Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

关键词第三人精神上损害赔偿责任人格权 the third person spiritual impairment compensation responsibility personality right

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]

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1[1]Dan B. Dobbs, The Law of Torts, West Group, 2000.
2[2]Restatement of Torts, 2nd, §46. Outrageous Conduct Causing Severe Emotional Distress (1) One who by extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another is subject to liability for such emotional distress, and if bodily harm to the other results from it, for such bodily harm.
3[3]§46. Outrageous Conduct Causing Severe Emotional Distress(2) Where such conduct is directed at a third person, the actor is subject to liability if he intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress(a) to a member of such person's immediate family who is present at the time, whether or not such distress results in bodily harm, or(b) to any other person who is present at the time, if such distress results in bodily harm.
4[5]参见Supreme Court of California In Bank. 1989. 48 Cal.3d 644, 771 P.2d 814, 257 Cal.Rptr.865.
5[6]参见Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1980. 84 N.J. 88,417 A.2D 521.
6[7]参见Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, 1987. 534 A.2d 1282.
7[8]参见831 P2d 1197 (Cal. 1992).
8[9]参见Supreme Court of California, 19 Cal.3d 441, 563 P.2d 858
9[10]参见Court of Appeals of California, Fifth Appellate District, 170 Cal. App.3d 975, 216 Cal Rptr 581