摘要
1989—1990年对湖北省天门县、潜江县、仙桃市、新洲县,河北、河南、山西等省及北京市郊等地的矮黄麦株根、根围田土的直接检查和漂浮分离检查,都查到褐或黑褐孢囊,内有大量可育卵,经用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对孢囊阴门锥膜孔特征,二龄幼虫头部细微结构等的观察及对其有关体值的测量,鉴定为禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae Wollenweber 1924,后有名Bideraavenae(Wollenweber,1924)Krall & Krall,1978)亦即燕麦孢囊线虫。其主要形态特征为孢囊较大,阔柠檬形,色深褐,长709(601-903)μm,宽523(436—612)μm,阴门锥顶为典型双膜孔型,无下桥,阴门锥下方有许多排列不规则的泡状突;二龄幼虫长550(477—602)μm,头骨架发达,口针长24μm,唇盘伸长与亚背唇和亚腹唇融合形成一近肾形唇区结构。禾谷孢囊线虫是世界性重要病原线虫,已在32个产麦国家被发现,本研究在我国小麦上初次发现,为我国孢囊线虫一新记录种;明确了我国南北两类型麦区一些小麦矮黄不长、根系分叉多,细而乱,甚至纠结成团,开花前后,根侧露出微小如粉末的发亮颗粒状物(孢囊),产量往往骤减,即系其危害所致;从而纠正了以前多归因于施肥不匀、生理失常的错误认识;对进一步正确诊断、调查、研究其在我国的发生分布、危害规律、生物学特性及控制方法具有理论意义和实用价值。
Root and soil specimens were collected from the rhizosphere of wheat inTianmen Qianjiang Xiantao Xinzhou county of Hubei province,Hebei、Henan、Shanxi provinces and the suburbs of Beijing in 1989—1990.Many similarbrown and dark brown cysts with alive eggs were isolated by flotationmethod.The observations and measures of morphological characteristics ofcysts and larvae by light microscopy(LM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) demonstrated that these cysts were Heterodera avenae.The majordiagnostic features were widely lemon shaped cyst with the length 709(601—913) um and width 523(436—612)μm,vulva cone always ambifenestrate,bullae prominent,crow ded beneath vulval cone,underbridge absent;juvenileslength 550(471—602)μm,spear well developed,length 24μm,great elonga-tion of the oral lip disc(sub dorsal and sub ventral mix together)and it mayextend across the entire width of the first head annule.
出处
《植物病理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第4期339-343,共5页
Acta Phytopathologica Sinica
