摘要
对核盘菌科7个种21个代表菌株的研究结果表明,核盘菌分4种侵染循环类型:1.土传病害类型:包括人参菌核病、细辛菌核病和向日葵小菌核病菌,其特点是子囊孢子在侵染循环中不起作用,以菌丝体为初侵染源,病健株接触构成再侵染。2.子囊孢子气传病害类型:包括油菜、黄瓜、大豆、莴苣、萝卜、红花和紫云英菌核病,其特点是气传的子囊孢子致病力强,从寄主的花、衰老叶或伤口侵入,以病健组织接触构成再侵染。3.分生孢子气传病害类型:包括黄瓜、油菜、葡萄和大葱灰霉病,其特点是在自然条件下未见有性世代,以气传的分生孢子从寄生的花和衰老叶侵染,以分生孢子和健病株接触构成再侵染。4气传、种传、土传病害兼有型:包括向日葵菌核病,其特点是子囊孢子从花或茎侵染造成盘腐和茎腐,菌核、带菌种子萌生菌丝体侵染造成苗腐和立枯。病健组织接触构成再侵染。
Through 1985-1989,infection cycles of 21 isolates(7 species) in theSclerotiniaceae were studied systematically and 4 different types of infectioncycle were determined. 1.Soil-borne disease type:This type of infection indicated that apotheciawere produced occasionally.Ascospores did not play role in disease infectioncycles.Pathogen infected underground parts of host primarily by myceliafrom hosts or sclerotia Secondary infection was by movement of myceliathrough contact between diseased plants and healthy plants.The diseasesinvototel are ginseng Sclerotinia rot(Sclerotinia sp.),Sclerotinia asari,andsunflower Sclerotinia wilt(Sclerotinia minor). 2.Air-borne ascospore disease type;Apothecia were produced freguentlyAscospores had strong pathogenicity and infected flowers and old yellow learesof hosts.Secondary infection resulted from mycelia on plants.The diseasesinvototcl are rape,soybean,cucumber,lettuce,radish,safflower Sclerotiniarot(S.sclerotiorum) and chinese milk vetch Sclerotinia rot(S.trifoliorum). 3.Air-borne conidium disease type:No apothecia were produced in naturalconditions.Sclerotia germinated to produce air-borne conidia whith infectedflowrs or old yellow leaves of host primarily.Secondary infection causedmainly by conidia on primary infected hosts,also by contacting betweeninfected plants and healthy plants.The diseases invtled are cucumber,rapegrape,green chinese onion grey mold. 4.Airborne,seed-borne,soil-borne complex disease type:Apothecia wereproduced frequently and mycelia from sclerotia were also important infectionsource.Ascospores infected flowers or stems and caused head rot or stemrot.Mycelia from sclerotia or seed infected roots and resulted in wilt.Seedscontaminated with S.sclerotiorum could cause bud rot,seedling rot.The diseaseare sunflower Sclerotinia rot(S.sclerotiorum).Infection type depended oncultivation and environmental conditions.
出处
《植物病理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第4期293-299,共7页
Acta Phytopathologica Sinica
