摘要
本文讨论汉语中的语用标记语,指出它们在话语中的作用主要是语用的。语用标记语的两个区别性特征是:它们没有真值条件意义:它们是以说话人为取向的,表达的是说话人的主观判断。话语标记语/话语联系语和语用标记语所指范围不同,前者只是后者的一种,不能混用。话语标记语是说话人展现他/她对话语单元之间的语义关系的判断,或者将这种判断清晰化、明朗化的一种手段。其它语用标记语展现说话人对话语命题的主观评价。本文还从言语行为理论、格赖斯理论和关联理论的角度对汉语语用标记语的语用意义进行了分析。
This article is a discussion of the semantics and pragmatics of pragmatic markers in modern Chinese. This class of linguistic expressions has not yet received attention they deserve in Chinese, although much research has been done in English and some other languages.
We first make a tentative distinction between pragmatic markers and discourse markers with the latter subsumed under the former. From a discourse point of view, the crucial difference between the two lies in the fact that discourse markers are semantic links specifying or highlighting the semantic relationship between discourse segments, while other pragmatic markers are only used to present the speaker's comment on or attitude towards the proposition expressed by an utterance.
We then point out that all pragmatic markers are non-truth-conditional. That is, they do not contribute to the truth condition of the proposition of the utterance to which the pragmatic marker attaches, but some of them encode conceptual meanings, which can be true or false in their own right. We conclude that pragmatic markers are all speaker-oriented and subjective in nature. Discourse markers encode a speaker's personal beliefs about the relationship between discourse segments, while other pragmatic markers express a speaker's personal comment on or attitude towards the proposition expressed by an utterance.
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第1期24-31,共8页
Modern Foreign Languages
