摘要
利他行为可以指向不同的主体 ,而优先顺序是指人们应该依次考虑哪些人的利益。从强者优先到尊者优先 ,标志人类社会由无序进入有序。而弱者的利益受到越来越多的关注 ,意味社会由不平等逐渐趋向平等。儒家的优先顺序重在忠君和孝亲 ;墨家的优先顺序重在兼爱和尚贤。传统的社会主义社会以保护弱者、强调平均为特征。发达资本主义社会以强者优先、兼顾弱者为准则。微观经济政策的两大目标是效率与公平 ,现代社会应该充分考虑强者和弱者的利益 ,在市场经济条件下 ,须防止强者凭借优势地位 。
Altruistic behavior can point to different subjects, while priority refers to interests people should consider first. Progress from the-stronger-first to the-esteemed-first represents the progress of human society from orderlessness to orderliness. More and more concern about the interests of the weaker means that society is going from being unequal to being equal. The order of priority of Confucianism lays emphasis on loyalty and fealty to parents, while that of Mohism attaches great importance to universal love and respect for the man of good and worth. Traditional socialist society is characterized by protection of the weaker and emphasis of average. Advanced capitalist society follows the rule of the-stronger-first, without ignoring the weaker. The two great aims of microeconomic policy are efficiency and equality, and modern society should take into consideration the interests of both the stronger and the weaker. Under market economy, the stronger should be prevented from taking advantage of their positions to abuse their rights.
出处
《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2004年第1期46-51,共6页
Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
