摘要
本文讨论先秦汉语的两个类型学特征。在小句结构方面,先秦汉语以SVO为主,但不是纯粹的SVO型,而并存着SOV类型。其多种受事前置是句法化的语序,不同于现代汉语话题结构或“把”字句的受事前置,也不都同焦点有关。在介词方面,先秦汉语以前置词为主,但不是纯前置词语言。前置词多有后置词用法,这与它们来自动词、而当时还有句法性OV语序有关。先秦汉语还有后加“而”、“以”的框式介词。此外还讨论了定语一律前置、前置词悬空等特点的类型学后果。
This paper discusses some typological features in Pre-Qin Chinese. In terms of basic word order in clauses, SVO is a dominant type but not the only type then, with SOV order attested too. Unlike BA-clauses or patient-topicalization in modern Chinese, many patient-preposing patterns in Pre-Qin period are syntacticalized order, and are not necessarily focus-triggered. In terms of adpositions, prepositions are dominant but they are not the only type. Pre-Qin prepositions often have postpositional usage, due to their verb origin and the existence of syntactic OV order. There are also circumpositions with a linking word following a preposition phrase. It also briefly discusses typological consequences of unified modifier-head order and adposition stranding.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第1期37-46,共10页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
