摘要
对宁夏水稻现代高产品种和栽培品种的演变分析结果表明,现代高产品种的特点是以穗粒数为中心的产量构成因素对产量的影响最大(r=0.7079^(**))。栽培品种演变过程中,农艺性状变化趋势是穗粒数增加,株高由高秆→矮秆→半矮秆发展。构成水稻栽培品种变化的主要因子是:株型因子、粒数因子、产量因子和高矮因子,其贡献率分别为49.8%、28.75%、9.53%和5.59%。因此,宁夏水稻高产育种的方向是:以提高生物产量为基础,以增加穗粒数为突破口,适当增加株高和保持现有穗数,改善着粒密度和穗型,提高植株的光合能力及成熟性。高产育种的途径是:1.主攻穗粒数,建立良好的株型和合理的群体;2.利用广亲和材料为桥梁亲本,加强籼粳交育种;3.加强亲本选配和后代选择;4.处理好高产与熟期、抗病性、品质之间的关系。
Agronomical characters and theirselves evolutive regularity about Ningxia new high-yield varieties and old cultivars (O. satwa subsp, japonica) were studied. The results suggested that, the grain number per panicle of new high-yield varieties was the most important for,the yield (r=0. 7079) comparing with other yield-formed factors. It seemed that, in the evolutive process of cultivars, agronomical characters tended to increase the grain number P. P as well as to develop plant height from hightype→dwarf-type→semidwarf-type. Four principal compontents that plant type (biological yield×spikelet density), kernel number (total floret number P.P.×filled grain number P. P.), grain yield (filled grain number P.P.× panicle number) and plant height were consisted of varieties of Ningxia rice cultivars. The contributive rates of these components respectively were ,49. 8%, 28.75%, 9.53%and 5.59%, which were more variable, therefore, rice high-yield breeding direction in Ningxia is that, basing to raise biological yield, increasing plant height properly, maintaining 600 panicles/m^2, improving spikelet density and panicle shape, raising plant photosynthesis ability and grade of maturity, especially, increasing grain number P. P., The way for rice high-yield breeding is that, 1. To increase grain number P. P., establishing reasonable population structure (600 panicles/m^2) and individual plant architecture (having a range of 90～100 grains P. P., 25 g per 1000-grain wieght, 90～95cm for height), 2. To broaden in genetic base, utilizing wide compatibility materials, as bridge parents, to promote the crossing between Indica and Japanica for improving the yield and the level of resistant diseases. 3. To enhance parents' composition and progenies' selection. The meaning is that, to select and create elite parents for high-yield breeding with methods that testing yield in the early generations and high selection intensity. 4. To coordinate high-yield relations from maturity, from disease resistibility and from quality.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
1992年第3期3-10,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
关键词
水稻
品种
育种
宁夏
Rice cultivar
Evolutive regularity
Breeding direction
High-yielding way
