31，Wascher DC,Markolf KL,Shapiro MS et al.Direct in vitro measurement of forces in the cruciate ligaments-Part Ⅰ:The effect of multiplane loading in the intact knee.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1993,75:377
42，Insall JN,Hood RW.Bone-block transfer of the medial head of the gastrocnemius for posterior cruciate insufficiency.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1982,64:691
53，Stubli HU,Jacob RP.Posterior instabliity of the knee near extension:A clinical and stress radiographic analysis of acute injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament.J Bone Joint Surg(Br),1990,72:225
64，Hughston JC.The absent posterior drawer test in some acute posterior cruciate ligament tears of the knee.J Sports Med(Am),1988,16:39
75，Daniel DM,Stone ML,Barnett P et al.Use of the quadriceps active test to diagnose posterior cruciate-ligament disruption and measure posterior laxity of the knee.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1988,70:386
86，FU FH,Harner CD,Johnson DL et al.Biomechanics of knee ligaments:Basic concepts and clinical application.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1993,75:1716
97，Covey DC,Sapega AA.Injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1993,75:1376
108，Gollehon DL,Torzilli PA,Warren RF.The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee-A biomechanical study.J Bone Joint Srug(Am),1987,69:233
4Lysholm J, Gillguist J. Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale[J]. J Sport Med(Am), 1982, 10(3): 5.
5Amadi H O, Gupte C M, Lie D T, et al. A biomechanieal study of the meniscofemoral ligaments and their contribution to contaet pressure reduction in the knee [ J ]. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrose, 2008, 16(11): 1004.
6Woo SL, Abramowitch SD, Kilger R, et al. Biomechanics of knee ligaments: injury, healing, and repair[J]. J Biomech. 2006, 39(1): 1.
