摘要
在长白山北坡海拔 70 0～ 2 6 0 0m的坡面上 ,海拔每上升 10 0m设立一个样点 ,共计 2 0个样点。调查每个样点中木本植物的生态重要值 ,并计测样点内包括气候、土壤、林冠郁闭度在内的 13个环境因子。应用CANOCO3.12软件对获得的数据进行了典范对应分析 (CCA) ,应用CANODRAW3.0作出了种类、样点分布与环境因子关系的二维排序图 ,排序图上清楚地反映了长白山北坡木本植物种类、群落分布与环境条件的关系。研究结果表明 :1)海拔梯度引起的气候差异是影响长白山北坡植物分布格局最重要的因素 ;2 )环境因素对森林内不同层次种类组成和结构的影响是不同的 ,按影响程度大小 ,影响乔木层种类组成和结构的主要因素依次为温度、降雨、土壤因素和林冠郁闭度 ,对于灌木层 ,则依次为雨量、林冠郁闭度、温度和土壤因素 ;3)就整个长白山北坡来讲 ,按CCA所获得的相关系数大小 ,土壤因素对灌木层结构与种类的影响大于乔木层 ;土壤因子中 。
The study of the relationship of plants with their environment is very important for understanding biodiversity patterns. On the northern slope of Changbai Mountain there is not only a high diversity in vegetation types and species, but also high variation in diversity pattern along the altitude gradient. It is a perfect transect for the research of biodiversity and gradient patterns. From 700 m to 2 600 m on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, twenty sites were sampled at an interval of 100 m along the altitude gradient. At each site the ecologically important values of woody species, together with thirteen environmental variables including weather, soil factors and canopy density, were obtained. The data were analyzed by Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and CANOCO 3.12. The species (or sites)_environment biplots of CCA were automatically mapped using CANOCO 3.0, and the relationships between the ecological distribution of the species and communities with the thirteen environmental factors were clearly revealed on these biplots. The results also showed: 1) the gradient variances of the weather factors on the northern slope have important influences on the form of the distribution patterns of the woody plants; 2) the factors influencing the ecological distribution of the tree species ranked as temperature, precipitation, soil factors and canopy density based on their importance, those on the shrub species ranked as precipitation, canopy density, temperature and soil factors; 3) on the whole northern slope, the influence degree of the soil factors on the ecological distribution was different between the shrub species and tree species based on the correlation coefficients of CCA. Among the soil effective phosphor, soil effective nitrogen, soil organic substances, and soil effective K, only the latter was statistically related with the ecological distribution of the tree species.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第6期733-741,共9页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
中国科学院创新项目 (KZCX2_SW_3 2 0 )
关键词
长白山
木本植物
群落
典范对应分析
环境
分布
Changbai Mountain, Woody plants, Community, Canonical correspondence analysis
