摘要
提出了一种利用CCD单目图像的灰度梯度测量三维表面的方法———灰度梯度法。巧妙地运用中间变量 ,找到灰度梯度与聚焦像表面梯度之间的映射关系 ,将灰度约束方程转变为可求解的一元方程 ,从而解出聚焦像表面的深度信息。利用聚焦像表面与物体间的几何光学的约束以及它们之间的空间共轭对称关系 ,将该三维表面变换到实际三维尺寸 ,以达到三维测量的目的。最后对影响该测量系统的误差进行了分析。该方法克服了传统的光切法因过多冗余图像而使测量效率低的缺点 ,且该方法约束条件容易实现。对球体和柱面体的试验误差率分别为6 .0 %和 4 .85 % ,显示出该方法在一定范围内是有效的。
A kind of method of measuring three-dimensional surface, gray gradient method, using gray gradient of CCD image, is proposed. To use mid-variable skillfully, the mapping relation between gray gradient of CCD image and gradient of focused image surface (FIS) has been found, and the gray restricting equation has been changed into solvable monadic equation to find depth information on the FIS. By the restriction of geometry optics and space conjugate symmetric relation between focused image surface and object, the FIS is changed into trim size, so the aim to measure three-dimensional is turned into reality. Finally, the error factors affecting the system have been analyzed. The method overcomes the defect that traditional light-sectioning method is low efficient because of the tedious number of images, and its restricting conditions are not rigorous. The experiment with sphere and cylinder, error ratio of which is 6.0% and 4.85% respectively, shows the method is effective in the definite range.
出处
《光学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第11期1384-1388,共5页
Acta Optica Sinica
