摘要
国外许多国家在自然灾害的治理中,把治山放在十分重要的位置上,日本即是一个典型,欧洲多山国家亦是如此.本文对亚太和拉美地区几个发展中国家的林业治山政策和措施进行了比较研究,并对我国的治山工作提出了政策性建议.
In the past four decades, the hill and management policy observed in Chinawas attaching first importance to river water control by engineering and secondaryimpottance to hill management by biologival measures. The results were that the manage-ment or control was inconsistant. Though consistant, it was by no meanspermanent. Owing to shortage of funds, the river valley management was always of apassive nature, and could not have a pavorable turn because partial better managementcould not compensate for the failure in the whole. By comparative research, the authorpoints out that in many countries including the developing ones, in the policy and meas-ures concerning river valley management, emphasis is placed on hill management by af-forestation, and significant results have been obtained. Japan is a typic country. InJapan which is mountaineous and frequently bothered by natural disasters, theconsistant policy in river valley management is 'hill management is deemed as the funda-mental solution', and the Forest Departments are entrusted with the task for hill man-agement by afforestation. The river valley management in developing countries is mainlyrestricted by inadequacy of funds. Thailand, Nepal and some countries in LatinAmerica a adopt a flexible international cooperation policy, calling for foreigninvestment and techniques to increase their capability to launch a large scale drive in rivervalley management. After much research, the author avers that the conventional ideasand policy in emphasizing river water control with negligence of hill management, andsetting a higher priority on water control in lower reaches than on upper reaches needchange or reconsideration. Emphasis should be placed on 'hill management as the radi-cal measure', The following policy supported by international cooperation should be en-forced resolutely: 'river water control depends on hill management, and hill manage-ment depends on afforestation'.
出处
《世界林业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第4期27-32,共6页
World Forestry Research
