摘要
本字问题是因汉语方言词语中音义变化或字形改变致使词语和字形失去联系而产生的。考证本字就是要恢复词语和字形的联系,找回本字。考证要从音义两方面入手,结合文献材料来进行。词语音义的变化可能会比较复杂,为此考证工作还要借助其他某些原则和方法。比如语音方面,要注意通过与不同方言的比较寻找本字,在白读音和早期时间层次中寻找本字,用音变规律解释本字的特殊音值等。词义方面,要注意词语意义的转化,词类的转化,以及某些本字词义脱离基本意义范围的变化等。本字考证难度大,又加历史文献本身存在的问题,使考证工作具有某种程度的局限性。
The issue of Chinese dialect word etymology derives from the fact that many Chinese dialect words have lost their connection with character forms due to the changes of word pronunciation, word meaning or character form. To take an etymological note of the dialect word requires regaining of the word connection with character form, and starting from word pronunciation and word meaning with clues from diachronically records. Because the change of word's pronunciation and meaning could be complex, we need to have other rules or methodologies. Taking the aspect of pronunciation as an example, it is always needed to adopt the methods of inter-dialectal comparison, colloquial pronunciation and earlier time lever, explainingspecial tone value with the tone change rule. As for the aspect of meaning perspective, it needs to notice the change of word meaning and part of speech, and the word being away from its original meaning range. The difficulty of determining character form and the possible absence of synchronical record delimit, to some extent, the range of dialect word etymology.
出处
《方言》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第4期289-298,共10页
Dialect
