摘要
二十世纪的语言研究在很大程度上是静态和不自然的,很多研究者经常自己杜撰语料来解释现实生活中的语言现象,把关注的重点放在书面语,对口语的研究却不甚关心。近十几年得到长足发展的互动语言学反对使用杜撰的语料,强调使用自然出现的口语语料,注重考察语言结构及其运用模式与互动交流是如何相互影响,并为互动参与者在真实、情景化的日常交往当中完成互动与交流做出贡献。它充分吸收了功能语言学、会话分析以及人类语言学的优秀理论资源及其科学的分析方法,强调语言的意义是在人与人之间的互动交流过程当中出现并不断发生变化的。互动语言学对汉语语法研究具有极其重要的启示作用。
People have spent so much time doing language only to realize that much of the20th century linguistic scholarship was static and unnatural instead of dynamic and natural in the sense that many researchers and scholars have more often than not resorted to imagined or invented examples in their account of real - time linguistic complexities.In other words,the language much researched by scholars is largely disconnected with that used by ordinary people in everyday interaction.Further - more,the context in which real language is used has been largely simplified,which,to use Morin ' s words(莫兰2002),is further represented by idealization,rationalization and standardization.This may partly account for why spoken language has been inadequately investigated.Fortunately,recent years,the last ten or so years in particular,have witnessed enthusiastic ef - forts to attach much importance to research in spoken language,which represents a big step forward in language studies and which is also counted as the first great step in the development of a new linguistic orientation called interactional linguistics.Drawing upon functional linguistics(functional grammar in particular),anthropological linguistics and talk - in - interaction(especially conversation analysis),interactional linguistics,fully aware of the dynamics and contextualization of language,aims to account for language as it occurs in everyday interaction.Language,according to interac - tional linguistics,shapes and is shaped by interaction.Specifically,interactional linguistics attempts to tackle two types of issues as follows:first,what linguistic resources do interlocutors recur to in their effort to express particular conversational structures and fulfill interactional functions?Second,what interactional functions or conversational structures can be generated by particular linguistic forms and ways of using them?The emergence of interactional linguistics forces us to ponder over many issues pertaining to language studies,and one of the issues dealt with in the present paper is our traditional view of and approaches to grammar.For long,grammar has been rigidly defined as'rules for speaking',among other things,which has been proved impotent when it comes to ac - counting for language in use.As we understand it,grammar is a mode of social interaction and so - cio - cultural practice,which both shapes and is shaped by social interaction.Constructed in social in - teraction,grammar is ultimately an emergent phenomenon.This new view of grammar would cer - tainly shed much light upon approaches to grammar studies and upon our understanding of so - called ungrammatical language.The present article surveys interactional linguistics,a newly - emerging orientation to linguistic enterprise,touching upon its features,major concerns and how it has developed,arguing against in - venting examples to elaborate on real - life language phenomena in favor of collecting naturally oc - curring data for language studies with a view to figuring out how humans(re)construct their person - ality,social identity and social meaning.This paper ends with a discussion of what what interaction - al linguistics can bring to bear on language studies in general and Chinese linguistics in particular.
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第4期410-418,共9页
Modern Foreign Languages
基金
福建省社会科学"十五"规划项目(项目编号:2003B124)的资助
关键词
互动语言学
动态性
语法研究
社会身份
社会意义
interactional linguistics,grammar studies,dynamics,social identity,social meaning
