摘要
以近年在上海市郊主要菜区测定用于瓜蚜Aphis gossypii Glover的11种拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid)、2种氨基甲酸酯(carbamate)、7种有机磷(o.p)及4种复合杀虫剂(premixture)的毒力,与这些农药品种在使用初期相对敏感品系的毒力比较,对拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid)的抗性为62.5～685.3倍,表现高度抗性和交互抗性;抗蚜威(pirimicarb)的毒力始终很低;对乐果(Dimethoate)、马拉硫磷(Malathion)、乙酰甲胺磷(Acephate)、等达到中等抗性水平;喹硫磷(Quinalphos)、万灵(Methomy)及复合剂多虫清(Polytrin)、菊马合剂等表现比较敏感。氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate)分别加Tpp、Pb(1∶1),增效比值分别为12.1,3.7倍,表明水解代谢和氧化代谢在瓜蚜对氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate)抗性中起了作用,以水解代谢更重要。治理对策:停用已经产生高抗的拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid)类杀虫剂;限制性使用乐果(Dimrthoate)、乙酰甲胺磷(Acrphate)等已经产生中抗的杀虫剂,以降低药剂的选择压;交替使用比较敏感的喹硫磷(Quinalphos)、万灵(Methomyl)、多虫清(Polytrin)、菊马等杀虫剂;采取以防治指标为指导,切忌见虫就喷药,把用药次数和使用剂量控制在必要的范围之内。
The toxcity 11 pyrethroids,2 carbamates,7 organophosphates and 4 mixture insecti cides used in the control of melon aphid in Shanghaisurburbs has been determined in recent years in comparing their toxicity to some relatively sensitive strain at initial stage. The resistance to pyrethroids is 62. 5 to 685. 3 fold, it shows high resistance and cross-resistance. The toxicity of pirimicarb is always lower. The resistance to Dimethoate,Malathion, Acephate is at medium level,in case of applying Quinaiphose,Lannate and mixture pesticide,as polytrin ,Fenvalerate+Malathion,the aphids are sensitive. When Fenvalerate is applied with TPP and pb is applied with (1 : 1). the value of synergism is 12. 1 and 3. 7 times respectively.
This shows that hydrolytic metabolism and oxidation metabolism play a role in melon aphid resistance to Fenvalerate and thehydrolytic metabolism is more important. The strategy of the aphid control is as follows:don' t use the pesticides like pyrethroids that have already induced high resistance; restrict-rively using pesticides such as Dimethoate, acephate and so on that have already jnduced certain resistance in order to reduce pesticide' s selective pressure;alternately using more effective organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides like Dichlorovos, Quinalphos, Lannate, Polytrin, Fenvalerate + Malathion that have already proved to be effective mixed pesticides; spray pesticides according to control index;don't spray as frequently as you see insects;times and dosage of pesticide application must be limited in the necessary range.
出处
《上海农业学报》
CSCD
1992年第4期53-57,共5页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
关键词
瓜蚜
抗药性
蔬菜
害虫
黄瓜
Melon aphid,Resistance,Management strategy
