摘要
中国已记述有关林虫天敌昆虫约1500种,对近200种天敌的生物学、生态学作了研究。本文分三个方面简要介绍林木食叶害虫寄生昆虫、枝干害虫寄生昆虫和捕食性昆虫的利用研究概况。
About 1500 species of parasites and predators of forest pests were recorded in China,in which approximate 200 have been studied in biology.Several professional books such as“The parasites and predators of forest pests”,“A parasitic wasps atlas of forest oests”and“An atlas of natural enemies of Dendrolimus punctatus”have been published in recent years. There are 314 species of natural enemies of pine caterpillars,Trichogramma dendrolimi has been widely used to control Dendrolimus spp.The wasp also showed a good control effect on Cerura erminea menciana,Cnidocampa flavesc- ens,Crocidophora evenoralis and Pol ychrosis cunninghamiacola.Casinaria nigripes has an obvious control effect at low density of pine caterpillars,and its average parasitic rate in some stands could reach 25.2%～36.6% Apanteles is an important group within the known 71 species of natural enemies of gypsy moth.From Dryocosmus kuriphilus 30 species of parasitic wasps were found.Torymus sinensis is the predominant species of the gall wasp with parasitic ratio about 50% in Beijing area.The results of the control of Saperda populnea and Semanotus sinoauster by using a bethylid Scleroderma guani were successful.By releasing Schreineria sp.,Ontsira palliatus and Elachertus nigritulus,the wood borers,e.g.Saperda populnea,Semanotus sinoauster and Paranthene tabaniformis were effectively controlled.As to the pine scale insect Matsucoccus spp.,about 65 species of natural enemies were found and all were predators.Artificial introduction and releasing of Harm- onia axyridis had distinct control result on the pine scales.Arma chinensis could reduce the damages caused by Dendrolimus spp.,Ambrostoma quadrii- mpressurn and Cnidocampa flavescens.There are 21 recorded species of Formica in China,PoIyrhachis dives,Formica japonica and Iridomyrmex anceps were all important predators of pine caterpillars in pine stands in China.
出处
《陕西林业科技》
北大核心
1992年第2期24-28,共5页
Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology
关键词
森林
害虫
天敌昆虫
利用
Forest pests
Parasites and Predators
Utilization
