摘要
80年代黄河下游河道累计淤积泥沙4.12亿t,是下游河道淤积最少的10年(三门峡水库拦沙期除外),其中高村一艾山河段淤积3.59亿t,占87％。下游河道淤积集中在1986、1988两年,其中1988年淤积量达5.14亿t,比10年累计淤积还多1亿t,其余大部分年份河道处微淤或冲刷状态。黄河流域人类活动对下游河道冲淤有一定影响,但起主导作用的还是暴雨大小及地区分布。10年间进入黄河下游的水、沙总体上属于枯水少沙系列,来沙偏少更多。年均来沙仅量8.62亿t,是来沙量最少的lO年。黄河下游来沙量大幅度减少,主要是多沙和粗沙产区的河龙区间大雨、暴雨显著偏少所致。多沙地区一旦出现暴雨,来沙量就会明显增加,如1988年,皇甫…、窟野河等多沙粗沙支流发生较大洪水,年沙量达15.5亿t,下游河道发生严重淤积。深入研究80年代来水来沙条件及下游河道冲淤特点,对于更好地认识和治理黄河具有重要意义。
The accumulated sedimentation of the lower Yellow River channel in 1980's is 412 million tons which is the minimum amount of the lower reaches in the last 10 years, excluding sediment retaining period of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, among which, 359 million tons deposited on the reach of Gaocun-Aishan, occupying 87％ of the total. The sedimentation of the lower river course is mainly concentrated in 1986 and 1988, and the volume of deposition in 1988 is as much as 514 million tons, 100 million tons more than that accumulated in 10 years. The channel is in the statement of slight deposition or scouring in the rest of years. Generally speaking, the water and sediment entering into the Yellow River belong to the series of low water level with less sediment. The oncoming water is even more less and the annual average oncoming sediment is only 862 million tons which is the minimum amount of the 10 years. The sharp sediment reduction in the lower Yellow River mainly is because heavy rainfall occurred in He-Long reach, the main area of sediment concentrated and coarse sand yield, has remarkably reduced. Once a heavy rainfall occurs in the sediment concentrated area, the amount of oncoming sediment will notably increased and serious deposition will happen on the lower river course. It is a great significance to have a better understanding and harnessing of the Yellow River through a further study on characteristics of erosion and deposition in the lower channel and conditions of oncoming water and sediment in 1980's.
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
1992年第7期1-9,共9页
Yellow River
关键词
河道
冲淤
泥沙
黄河
下游
river erosion and deposition, river sediment, stream runoff, lower Yellow River
