摘要
武陵源旅游业迅速发展的同时 ,景区生态环境质量逐年下降引起联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会的关注。武陵源风景名胜区核心景区较突出的生态环境问题 ,主要表现在大气环境质量逐年降低 ;金鞭溪水质明显恶化 ;生物多样性受到威胁 ;景区城镇化、工商业化速度加快等。通过实地监测并全面分析武陵源风景名胜区环境演变趋势 ,发现住宿设施对环境的影响 ,比其他游乐设施更为明显 ,是武陵源风景名胜区旅游生态环境的关键影响因子。景区水质监测值的变化最大 ,表明水体是景区生态环境中最为脆弱的环境因子。随着游客的逐年增多 ,旅游生态环境呈现出加速恶化的趋势。通过建立基于环境脆弱因子的阈值模型 ,计算得出在不超出武陵源风景名胜区景区最为脆弱的环境因子——景区水质标准 :总磷≤ 0 .0 2(mg/L)前提下 ,景区上游接待区旅游生态阈值是春季宾馆可使用面积容限为 2 96 5 0 m2 ,夏季为 76 4 2 5 m2 ,秋季为 1 3 6 2 5 m2 ,冬季为 83 2 5 m2。不同类型的风景区 ,生态环境脆弱因子不同 ,宾馆建筑面积容限值也不同。沿着本文思路 。
Wulingyuan was a National Key Scenic Zone, It is also a National Geological Park,and a World Natural Heritage Site. With the development of Wuingyuan's tourist industry, the ecological environment quality of scenic zones began to deteriorate yearly. And this attracted the attention of the World Heritage Spot Committee of UNESCO. The main ecological environmental problems in Wulingyuan core scenic spots are: The atmospheric environment quality becomes worsens yearly .The water quality in Jinbian Stream has evidently been deteriorated. The variety of living things has been threatened. The process of the urbanization and commercialization as well as industrialization has been speeded up. Having done some field monitoring and overall analysis of the trend of environment in Wulingyuan, we found that the influence of accommodating facilities on the environment is greater than that of the other amusement facilities. So the major influential factor of Wulingyuan tourist ecological environment is the influence of accommodating facilities on environment. The great changes in the variation of the water quality monitoring value in scenic spots have taken place. That means the water body is the most fragile environmental factor in the ecological environment of the scenic spots. Due to the increasing number of tourists year after year, the deteriorative trend of ecological environment has appeared. As we know from the following analysis: (1) The renovation of the scenic spots environment often fail to focus on the accommodating facilities even though they are not located within the scenic spot, yet still in the upstream area. (2) The fragile ecological environment factor——the changeable curves of water body environment quality are similar with the increasing curves of the accommodated tourists. The former is left far behind the latter. (3) The sympton of the water deterioration can be seen from the fact that blue algae, and green algae, the phosphate has surpassed the standard. They are the causes of the deterioration of the water quality in the scenic spots. (4) The scope of accommodating facilities in the upstream area has surpassed its ecological threshold, and the excessive use of phosphate in detergents has led to the total phosphate's surpassing the standard. (5) Because of the different number of residents and services, different seasons, areas, so different drainage processing methods should be used. A threshold model for the most fragile environment factor is built into this paper. From the calculation we recommend that: On condition of no surpassing the set water standard in Wulingyuan——the most fragile environment factor, that is the total phosphate content ≤0.02mg/L——the ecological threshold of the tourist environment in the upstream of scenic spots. The number of tourists be as follows: Spring 1186 persons can stay overnight in the upstream of scenic spots , Summer 3057, Autumn 545, Winter 333.. Different types of scenic zones, the fragile ecological environment factors are different from each other. If we follow the same process as this paper recommends, we can calculate the threshold of other scenic zones in country.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第5期938-945,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 )
国家重点科技项目 (攻关 )计划专题资助项目 (96-92 0 -3 7-0 1 )~~
