摘要
在恒温 2 8℃、湿度 80 %的条件下研究了 5种寄主植物对 B型烟粉虱 (Bemisia tabaci)生长、发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明 :取食棉花、烟草、花生、大豆和玉米的烟粉虱 ,其形态、发育历期、存活率、成虫繁殖力和寿命等生命参数均有明显差异。棉花、大豆和玉米不利于烟粉虱卵和若虫的生长发育 ,表现为虫体较小、卵期和生命周期延长、存活率降低。烟粉虱在棉花、大豆、花生、烟草和玉米上的生命周期分别为 3 2 .0 3 d,3 2 .1 1 d、2 5 .6 9d、2 4 .43 d和 2 0 .6 8d,其存活率分别为 49.86 %、5 4 .41 %、86 .86 %、6 9.93 %和 2 9.3 8%。与烟草和玉米相比 ,棉花、大豆和花生明显有利于烟粉虱的种群繁殖 ,在棉花、大豆、花生、烟草和玉米上生长发育的成虫寿命和单雌产卵量分别是 2 7.8d和 2 3 5 .0粒、2 3 .2 d和 1 91 .1粒、2 2 .0 d和 1 3 1 .1粒、6 .2 5 d和 2 8.0粒、2 .42 d和 5 .1粒。在花生、大豆、棉花、烟草和玉米上的内禀增长率 (rm)分别为 0 .1 5 90、0 .1 3 6 4、0 .1 2 3 6、0 .0 841和 - 0 .0 2 85 ,其种群趋势指数 (I)分别为 1 1 3 .85、1 1 7.3 8、1 0 3 .98、1 9.5 8和 0 .42
The tobacco (or cotton, sweetpotato) whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is a tropical and subtropical pest insect with11-15 generations per year. B. tabaci is primarily a polyphagous species with host range up to 500 species of 74 plant families (Greathead, 1986). Its damage to crops and adaptability to environment are closely related to the differentiation of biotypes. In the southwestern US, the introduced B-biotype displaced the A-type in1991 and caused an estimated loss of 5 millions of dollars per year (Gerling, 2000). Presently, the tobacco whitefly has become an important pest of the agriculture the many countries of the world, including: the U.S., India, Pakistan, Sudan, Israel (Brown, 1995). In China, B. tabaci has been considered as a sporadic pest of cotton for a long term, but its B-biotype has become an important pest in northern China since 2000 due to its serious damages to cotton and vegetables. It is reported that there are significant difference in the development duration, survival, fecundity and longevity of adult among the whiteflies reared on different host plants, such as, cotton, tobacco, lettuce, cucumber, eggplant, squash, broccoli, guar, alfalfa an d carrot (Coudriet, 1985; Moohanty, 1986; Mound, 1963; Tsai, 1996). However, the relationship between Chinese population of Bemisia tabaci and its major host plants has not yet been studied. The present paper is a report of the research results that the effect of several important host plants on the growth, development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory with Butler's method (Butler, 1983). The adults were blown into cages made of plastic papers with nylon cloth tops (8 cm in diameter by 20 cm long), and placed over different host plant seedlings grown in 60 ml glass bottles. Only a single true leaf was left on the stem of seedlings. The cages were held in the cabinets for 24h under continuous light and a constant temperature of 28℃, then the adults were removed. All the seedlings were then placed in constant temperature cabinets (28℃,LD 14:10).The seedlings leaves were examined and the nymphs were counted daily until adults emerged. The fecundity was determined by collecting adults emerged daily and isolating one pair per cage (previously described). Then leaves were examined every other days and the eggs on it were counted until the adults died. The results showed that there were significant differences in the development duration, survival rate, fecundity and longevity of adult among the whiteflies reared on cotton, tobacco, peanut, soybean and corn. The sizes of nymphs that developed on the peanut and soybean were larger than those reared on cotton, tobacco and corn. The pupal duration that developed on peanut was the longest one, 1.42 times of that on tobacco. The pupae cultured on the hairless leaves, such as cotton, peanut and corn, had smooth margin without bristles on dorsal surface; but those reared on the hairy leaves of tobacco and soybean, had irregular margin with four to seven pairs of bristles on dorsal surface. There were of development durations were significant different in whiteflies fed on different host plants. The developmental times of egg stages on soybean and cotton were longer than those on peanut and corn. The development duration from egg to larval stage while the insects were reared on cotton, soybean, peanut, tobacco and corn were 32.03, 32.11, 25.69, 24.43 and 20.68 d, respectively. The experimental results also indicated that there were significant differences of larval survival rates on several hosts, ranging from 70.62% to 99.44%. It was found that the highest and lowest survival rates in egg and larval stages were respectively 86.86% on peanut and 29.38% on corn. The longevity of adults and the average number of eggs per female on cotton, soybean, peanut , tobacco and corn were 27.8 d and 235.0 eggs, 23.2 d and 191.1 eggs, 22.0 d and 131.1 eggs, 6.25 d and 28.0 eggs, and 2.42 d and 5.1 eggs, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第5期870-877,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
科技部 973资助项目
科技攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1 BA5 0 9B0 5 )~~
