摘要
欧盟各国政府在促进天然气行业的发展中发挥着重要的作用,政府的目标和政策是与行业发展水平相适应的:在行业发展初期,目标是增加天然气在基础能源消费中的比重,以合理的回报率吸引投资,加快发展天然气基础设施并开发市场。进入成型期,目标变为确保资源的合理配置,鼓励行业的持续发展,引入并实现公平竞争,保护消费者利益;此时,政府致力于通过制定必要的法规,创建市场监管机构,以维护公平竞争的市场环境。进入成熟期,政府关注的重点转向市场效率,政策目标是鼓励市场竞争,因此,在所有能够发挥市场作用的领域取消政府管制,而在自然垄断领域(输配管网系统)则以政府经济监管替代市场化。欧盟的经验给我们的启示是:(1)正确把握行业特点和政府的积极参与是天然气行业成功发展的关键;(2)制定并实施专门的《天然气法》是天然气行业改革与发展的根本保证;(3)应该充分发挥行业协会在天然气行业发展中的作用。为此,提出了五个方面的政策建议。
The governments of the European Union (EU) countries have played an important part in the promotion of natural gas industrial development. The governmental objectives and policies are in line with the industrial development level. At the preliminary stage of industrial development, the target is to increase the proportion of natural gas in basic energy consumption, use reasonable rates of return for attracting investment and accelerate development of natural gas infrastructure and markets. When the industry becomes mature, the goal is to ensure reasonable arrangement of resources, encourage sustainable industrial development, introduce fair competition and protect the interests of consumers. The government is committed to the formulating necessary laws and regulations, establishing market supervision organs and maintaining a fair market environment. Therefore, governmental control is unnecessary wherever the market can play an adequate part. However, government regulation will replace pure market forces in the natural monopolized sector (such as the transmission and distribution pipeline network system). What we can borrow from the EU experience includes: (1) clarification of industrial characteristics and recognize that active governmental involvement hold the key to success in natural gas industrial development; (2) formulation and implementation of exclusive 'Natural Gas Law' as the main basis for natural gas industrial reform and development; (3) the role of the industrial association should be stressed in natural gas industrial development.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2003年第2期17-23,共7页
International Petroleum Economics
