1SEBEL PS, HARBETT CW, KIRK CJC, et al.Transdermal absorption of fentanyl and sufentanyl in man [J]. EurJ Clin Pharmacol, 1987, 32:529- 531.
2JEAL W, BENFIELD P. Transdermal fentanyl. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in pain control [J]. Drugs, 1997,53 : 109 - 138.
3GOURLAY GK, KOWAI.SKI SR, PLUMMER JL,et al. Fentanyl blood concentration - analgesic response relationship in the treatment of postoperative pain [J]. Anesth Analg, 1988, 67: 329-337.
4FROLICH M, GIANNOTTI A, MODELL JH. Opioid overdose in a patient using a fentanyl patch during treatment with a wanning blanket [ J ]. Anesth Analg, 2001, 93 (3): 647-8.
5CALIS KA, KOHLER DR, CORSO DM. Transdermally administered fentanyl for pain management[J]. Clin Pharm, 1992, 11: 22-36.
11,Michaels AS,Chandrasekaran SK,Shaw JW.Drug permeation through human skin:theory and in vitro experimental measuremant.AIChE J,1975,21∶985-996.
22,Sebel PS, Harrett CW, Kirk CJC, et al. Transdermal absorption of fentanyl and sufentanyl in man.Eur J Clin Pharmacol,1987,32∶529-531.
33,Guorlay GK, Kowalski SR, Plumme JL, et al. Fentanyl blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of postoperative pain.Anesth Analg,1988,67∶329-337.
44,Thompson JP, Bower S, Liddle AM, et al. Perioperative pharmacokinetics of transdermal fentanyl in elderly and young adult patients.Br J Anaesth,1998,81∶152-154.
55,Collins JJ,Dunkel IJ,Gupta SK,et al.Transdermal fentanyl in children with cancer pain,feasibility,tolerability,and pharmacokinetics correlates.J Pediatr,1999,134∶319-323.
66,Portenoy RK,Southam MA,Gupta SK,et al.Transdermal fentanyl for cancer pain.Repeated dose pharmacokinetics.Anesthesiology,1993,78∶36-43.
77,Varvel JR,Shafer SL,Hwang SS,et al.Absorption characteristics of transdermally administered fentanyl.Anesthesiology,1989,70∶928-934.
88,Donner B,Zenz M.Transdemal fentanyl:a new step on the therapeutic ladder.Anticancer-Drugs,1995,6(Suppl 3)∶39-43.
99,Data on file,Janssen Pharmaceutical Limited.Zech,1992.N87258.
1010,Woodroffe MA,Hays H.Fentanyl transdermal system.Pain management at home.Can Fam Physician,1997,43∶268-272.