摘要
目的 了解包头市 0～ 14岁儿童哮喘发病情况及相关因素 ,并与十年前调查情况相比较 ,为更好地进行儿童哮喘的防治提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样集中调查与分散家访相结合的方式 ,对我市昆区、青山区 110 80例 0～14岁儿童进行了哮喘流行病学调查。 结果 (1)调查筛查出哮喘患儿 10 3例 ,包括可疑哮喘 7例 ,故实际患病率为0 .88%。其中儿童哮喘 5 9.2 % ,婴幼儿哮喘 2 8.2 % ,咳嗽变异性哮喘 5 .8%。男性患病率明显高于女性 (P<0 .0 1)。首发年龄 3岁前为 76 .7% ,而诊断年龄 3岁前为 5 6 .37% ,至 7岁明确诊断者为 90 .8%。 (2 )哮喘危险因素发现 1发病以冬春季及换季较高 ,分别为 2 3.35 %和 2 8.1% ,发病季节不定者为 33% ,以夜间多发为 4 9.5 %。感冒为其主要诱发因素96 .1% ,其次为天气变化 6 5 .0 %。2一级亲属中有哮喘史或其他过敏史分别为 6 .8%和 37.8%。个人过敏史以湿疹最多见73.8% ,过敏性鼻炎 7.1%。 结论 该市 0～ 14岁儿童哮喘患病率较 10年前明显增高 (10年前为 0 .5 5 % ) ,具有多种引起哮喘的危险因素存在。
Objective To observe the incidence of asthma in 0～14 years old children in Baotou City, and compare with the investigation of ten years ago, so that the scientific bases of preventing the children asthma will be suggested. Methods Group sampling with collecting investigation and family visit was adopted. Asthma investigation on 11080 0~14 years old children was carried out in Baotou city, Kunlun and Qingshan districts. Result (1)103 cases with asthma were screened out. Real incidence were 0.88%, in which children cases with asthma was 59.2%, infant asthma was 28.2%, coughing variation asthma was 5.82%. Incidence in male was obviously higher than in female(P<0 01). 76.7% of cases had the occurrence before age 3, while the rate of being diagnosed before 3 was 54.4%, from 3 to 7 was 90.8%. (2) Risk fators of asthma in the investigation showed:(A) Incidence in winter, spring or season change days was high, which was respectively 23.3% and 28.1%, incidence in unfixed seasons was 33%. Asthma attack in night was 49.5%. In asthma-inducing causes, common cold was 96.1%, weather changing was 65.0%. (B)The patients with asthma or allergic history in direct relatives was respectively 6.8% and 37.8%. Eczema was common in allergic patients, which was 73.8%, allergic rhinitis was 27.1%. Conclusion The investigation showed that the incidence of asthma in 0~14 years old children was obviously higher than that in Baotou city ten years ago (now 0.88%, before 0.55%). And there are many risk factors causing asthma.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2002年第5期433-435,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
本研究为包头市科委立项课题 (编号为 2 0 0 1 - 0 4 4 )
