摘要
根据全国 1 2 0个气象站点小麦拔节～成熟期间的多年平均 (1 971～ 1 998)旬≥ 0 .1 mm雨日出现机率、旬降雨量、旬平均相对湿度、旬平均温度、旬日照时数和白粉病病害资料 ,采用系统聚类分析法将中国小麦白粉病发生地域分布划分为发生气候带 ( )和不发生气候带 ( )。 又分为常发气候亚带 ( A)、易发气候亚带 ( B)、次易发气候亚带 ( C)、偶发气候亚带 ( D)。 A分为冬小麦白粉病西南常发气候区 ( A1 )、冬小麦白粉病长江流域常发气候区 ( A2 )、冬小麦白粉病淮河流域常发气候区 ( A3 )共 3个区 ; B为冬小麦白粉病黄河流域易发气候区 ( B区 ) 1个区 ; C分为南方冬小麦白粉病次易发气候区 ( C1 )、北方春小麦白粉病次易发气候区 ( C2 )、北疆春小麦白粉病次易发气候区 ( C3 )、西藏南部冬春小麦白粉病次易发气候区 ( C4)共 4个区 ; D分为南方冬小麦白粉病偶发气候区 ( D1 )、北方春小麦白粉病偶发气候区 ( D2 )共 2个区。评述了不同气候区小麦白粉病发生流行的气候生态特征。该分区结果客观揭示了小麦白粉病的发生地域分布规律 ,是针对不同气候条件下进行小麦白粉病分区预测预报和综合防治的基础性工作。
Based on the historical data of meteorology and disease during the wheat growing season, the zonation of wheat powdery mildew in China is conducted through the hierarchical clustering analysis. The results provide a scientific foundation for the regional prediction of wheat powdery mildew in practice and the synthetic prevention and treatment at different climatic conditions. Using the long term (1971～1998) meteorological data of 120 weather stations during the growing season when the powdery mildew occurs frequently, we calculate the following 12 meteorological indices during the periods of elongation mature and tasseling grouting respectively according to the following data: average rain day frequency (precipitation≥0 1mm) (%); warm rain day frequency (mean temperature ≥15℃); ten days mean temperature (℃); average relative humidity ( RH ,%); precipitation (mm); and sunshine duration ( h ). The related figures are plotted according to these indices respectively, superposed with the charts of the occurring area and the seriousness of wheat powdery mildew. The results show that the distributions of five indices (ten days rain day frequency, precipitation, average relative humidity, mean temperature, and sunshine duration.), agree well with the actual situations, so they are chosen as the zonation indices of wheat powdery mildew in China. The dominant, the secondary and the critical indices of climatic zonation are determined by use of the hierarchical clustering analysis, which is carried out by the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 9.0 for Windows. The data are normalized through the normal difference transformation. The sampling interval is the Euclidean Distance. The method of maximum distance is adopted in the process of the hierarchical clustering analysis. Results are given in the form of decision trees. Finally, average rain day frequency and ten days precipitation during the period of elongation mature are chosen as the dominant indices; ten days average relative humidity, mean temperature and sunshine duration are as the secondary indices; and the critical values of dominant indices and the secondary indices of the occurrence, sub occurrence and nonoccurrence climatic zonations are also determined. The region that wheat powdery mildew may occur in China is divided into occurrence zonation (Ⅰ) and nonoccurrence zonation (Ⅱ) through the hierarchical clustering analysis. The occurrence zonation (Ⅰ) can also be divided into 10 climatic sub zonations: South Western frequent occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew (ⅠA1), Yangtze River valley frequent occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew(ⅠA2), Huaihe valley frequent occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew (ⅠA3); Yellow River valley easy occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew (ⅠB); Southern sub easy occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew(ⅠC1), Northern sub easy occurrence area of spring wheat powdery mildew(ⅠC2), Northern Xinjiang Aut. Reg. sub easy occurrence area of spring wheat powdery mildew(ⅠC3); Southern Tibet sub easy occurrence area of winter and spring wheat powdery mildew (ⅠC4); Southern occasional occurrence area of winter wheat powdery mildew(ⅠD1), and Northern occasional occurrence area of spring wheat powdery mildew(ⅠD2). In addition, the agroclimatic features of wheat powdery mildew occurrence and prevalence are discussed for the different climatic regions.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第11期1873-1881,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1 BA5 0 9B0 1 )
关键词
中国
小麦白粉病
发生地域分布
气候分区
聚类分析
wheat powdery mildew
geographic distribution
climatic zonation
China
hierarchical clustering analysis
