摘要
保护与恢复生境是有效保护大熊猫的重要途径 ,通过样方调查法研究了卧龙自然保护区大熊猫 (Ailuropodamelanoleuca)恢复生境的群落结构特征 ,共调查了原始生境、2 0世纪 2 0～ 3 0年代砍伐后自然恢复生境、40～ 5 0年代砍伐后自然恢复生境、70年代以后自然恢复生境以及 60～ 70年代人工林等 5个生境类型 ,2 1个样方。研究结果表明 :各生境类型的物种丰富度、物种多样性、植株数 (高度 >5 m)、乔木层的平均胸径和最大平均胸径 ,以及大熊猫的生境成熟度都存在显著差异 ,竹子的生物量及更新能力也有一定差异。人工林与原始生境的群落相似性低于其他自然恢复生境与原始生境的群落相似性。研究发现 ,大熊猫生境恢复包括大熊猫可食竹类资源的恢复以及生境群落结构的恢复。可食竹类资源恢复所需时间相对较短 ,仅需约 2 0～ 3 0 a;生境的植物群落结构的恢复则要长的多 ,一般恢复时间 5 0 a左右才能成为大熊猫的适宜生境 ,恢复时间为 70～ 80 a的生境与原始生境的群落结构已十分接近。通过人工造林恢复生境 ,无论从竹子资源的恢复 ,还是从植物群落结构的恢复方面 ,均不是一种有效地恢复大熊猫生境的方式。
Protection and restoration of habitat are the most important approaches for giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) conservation. The community structure attributes of rehabilitated habitats for the giant panda in Wolong reserve were comparatively studied by sampling investigation. In this study, we investigated 21 samples that belong to 5 kinds of habitats. They are primitive habitat, the natural recovered habitat logged in 1920~1930's, the natural recovered habitat that logged in 1940~1950's, the natural recover habitat logged after 1970, and the habitat that recovered by artificially planted in 1960~1970's. The results showed that there are significant differences in plant community composition, the edible bamboo resources, species biodiversity, tree numbers (higher than 5 m), average breast height diameters of trees, and maximum breast height diameter of trees in the different habitats. There are differences in some degrees in the bamboo biomass and bamboo regeneration ability. The community similarity between artificial planted habitat and the primitive habitat is less than the similarity between other natural recovery habitats and the primitive habitat. The study suggested the recovery of the giant panda's habitat include the recovery of the panda edible bamboo community, and the recovery of habitat community structure. The time for recovery of bamboo was relatively short, about 20~30 years. While, the recovery of community structure was relatively time consuming, it was needed about 50 years that the habitats can serve as the suitable habitat for the giant panda, about 70~80 years for the disturbed habitats to recover close to primitive habitat. According to this study, the artificially planted habitat was neither an efficient approach for the bamboo resources recovery, nor for the vegetation community recovery.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第11期1840-1849,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划 (973 )资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 7)
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 9971 0 3 3 )
