摘要
分析研究了天山冰川站自 195 9年以来的气温、降水、水文、冰川物质平衡、冰川末端变化、冰川运动和冰川面积变化观测资料 .结果表明 ,2 0世纪 90年代中期以来 ,乌鲁木齐河源区处于一个最为显著的暖湿阶段 .195 8— 2 0 0 0年的 4 2a间 ,1号冰川年平均物质平衡量为 - 188.6mm (约为 - 34.6× 10 4m3 ) ,累积物质平衡量达到 - 792 5mm ,亦即冰川减薄了 8m多 ,累积亏损量达 14 5 2× 10 4m3 .1号冰川面积在 196 2— 2 0 0 0年的 38a间减少 0 .2 2km2 ,为 11% ,并呈加速减小趋势 .196 2年至今 ,1号冰川东支末端共退缩 16 8.95m ,西支 185 .2 3m ,冰川表面运动速度减缓 .1号冰川年融水径流量有增加趋势 ,1985年前后是个分界线 ,1986— 2 0 0 1年年均径流深为 936 .7mm ,较之 195 8— 1985年的 5 0 8.4mm高出 4 2 8.3mm ,亦即增加 84 .2 % .气温持续升高 ,冰川冷储减少可能是导致冰川加速消融的重要原因 .
Comprehensive, Glacier No.1 centered o bservations are conducted at headwater of rümqi River by Tianshan Glaciological Station since 1959.This paper presents analyses of mass balance, terminus, area and surface velocity histories of Glacier No.1, and as well as spatial distributed streamflow and climate factor (air temperature and precipitation) records from nearby area. Our study demonstrates that the continuous local annual temperature rising, resulting in reduction of cooling energy in the glacier, might be responsible for recent acceleration of glacier melting. The headwater region of rümqi River is experiencing a warm and humid period ever sine the mid-90s. From 1958 to 2000, with an average annual balance -188.6 mm (about -34.6×10 4 m 3 in volume), the cumulative balance of Glacier No.1 is reach u p to -7 925 mm(1 452×10 4 m 3 ), in other words, the thickness of the glacier stream decreased by more than 8m over the past 42 year span. With an accelerated shrinking tendency, the glacier area decreased by 11% from 1962 to 2001. The terminus of the glacier is in the state of retreat since it has been observed from 1960s. From 1962 to 2001 East Branch retreated 168.95 m, whilst West Branch retreated 185.23 m. In agreement with ice mass losing, surface velocity of the glacier is appreciably slowing down. By using water balance model, annual meltwater runoff of the glacier has been computed sine 1958. It shows an elevated trend, especially after 1985. The mean meltwater runoff depth from 1986-2001 is 936.6 mm, comparing to 508.4 mm from 1958 to 1985, it increased by 84.2%.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第2期117-123,共7页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (KZCX1 10 0 6
KZCX2 3 0 1)
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(CACX2 10 0 91)
国家自然科学基金创新群体项目资助
