摘要
采用15N示踪和模拟土柱技术,对不同透水性土壤施用氮肥后水稻生育和氮肥利用率进行了研究。结果表明:土壤透水速率以20～30mm/d对水稻生育最为有利,完全不渗漏和透水速率超过40mm/d时,水稻分蘖明显减少,收获期干物质积累和子实产量仅为适宜透水率时的66 7%～93 4%和65 2%～93 8%。土壤透水性强烈影响水稻对氮肥的利用效率。土壤透水率在20～30mm/d时,水稻对氮的利用率超过60%,而不透水土壤和严重渗漏土壤的水稻对氮肥利用率仅为32 6%～44 1%,损失率达30 8%～46 0%。稻作期间田面水层和0～5cm土层pH与土壤透水率呈负相关,排水不良易引起氨挥发。日渗漏20～30mm可作为沿黄高产稻麦田培育的定量指标。
The rice growth status and utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of different soil permeability in the nethouse were investigated by 15N tracer and imitative soil column technique.The results showed that the soil with 20～30 mm/d of the leakage speed was of most favorable to rice growth.When the soil permeability was over 40 mm/d or 0 mm/d,the numbers of rice effective tillering decreased obviously,and the biological and economical yield at harvest period were 66.7%～93.4% and 65.2%～93.8% of the treatment in comparing with the optimum soil permeability,respectively.The utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer exceeded 60% when rice was planted in the soil with optimum permeability,but it was only 32.6%～44.1% when planted in the other soil and the N loss reached 30.8%～460%.The pH of surface soil(0～5 cm) and surface water was negatively correlated with soil permeability.Poor drainage was easy to result in more N loss by NO3 volatilization.20～30 mm/d of soil leakage speed could be considered as an quantitative index for high yield soil along the Yellow River.
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期90-93,共4页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
日本国际协力事业团援助的国际合作项目(930001)
