摘要
本文回顾了中国法律改革的历史过程,并揭示了其背后蕴藏的经济逻辑。在和俄罗斯的“大爆炸式”改革相比较的基础上,本文指出中国法律改革的特点在于,它是在政治秩序稳定的前提下进行的。这种“变法”模式由于充分注意到政治的交易成本,采取了一系列极富特色的改革策略,使中国的经济转型表现为一个平滑的、连续的政治经济过程。中国法律改革的经验已对主流法律经济学的观点构成强有力的挑战。它的法律经济学含义是:政治过程在短期内是影响法律改革绩效的关键变量,治国者要想使转轨成为一个平滑、连续的过程,就必须注意在改革的每一步尽量减少政治交易成本,力求获得更多的政治支持。从这种意义上说,法律改革更多的是一种“政治平衡的艺术”,而这在主流的法律经济学框架内并没有得到有效说明,法律经济学未来的发展应该为这种“变法”的“政治艺术”提供理论基础。为此,本文分别在政治市场和意识形态市场上讨论和反思了传统意义上的科斯定理的局限性。
This paper reviews the historical process of Chinese legal reform and reveals the economic logic lying behind it.In comparison to the Russian “big-bang type” reform, one of the characteristics of China's legal reform lies in the fact that it has been carried out under the precondition of political stability.Fully aware of the political transactio ncosts,China has adopted unique tactics to ensure a smooth and continuous political and economic process for the economic transformation in China.The Chinese experience in legal reform poses a serious challenge to mainstream economics.The implication of legal economics is that the political process constitutes a critical variable for the achievement of legal reform;the state leaders must take care to reduce political transaction costs at every step of the reform and get the maximum political support if they want to turn the transition into a smooth and continuous process.In this sense,legal reform is more of “an art of political balance.”
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第1期137-150,共14页
Social Sciences in China
