摘要
β -葡聚糖广泛地分布于真菌、细菌和植物体内 ,不仅在各种生物体内发挥多种生物学活性 ,而且在各种生物间的相互影响过程中也具有各种各样的功能。笔者简要叙述了 β - 1,3 -葡聚糖的结构及其对动物免疫功能的调节作用。真菌中的 β -葡聚糖分为构成细胞壁的主要成分而存在的不溶性 β -葡聚糖和能释放到菌体外的可溶性 β -葡聚糖。β -葡聚糖的重要特征是以高级结构分子存在 ,可溶性 β -葡聚糖分子主要是以 1重和 3重螺旋结构的形式存在。β -葡聚糖具有多种生物学活性 ,其中部分活性与分子的 3重螺旋结构相关 ,如刺激巨噬细胞释放一氧化氮、激活蛛G因子等 ,也有部分活性与分子的 3重结构无关。虽然 β -葡聚糖的活性大多与免疫药理学作用有关 ,但是也存在加重哮喘病症和增加非类固醇性抗炎症药物副作用的问题。目前 ,尚未建立能够准确评价β- 葡聚糖各种生物学活性的离体系统 ,要在分子水平上评价 β -葡聚糖对动物免疫功能的调节作用 ,开发新的离体评价系统是很有必要的。
Glucans, which exists in fungi, bacteria and plants, has various bioactivities and play important roles in all kinds of interaction among creatures. The structure and the modifying functions of β-1,3-glucans were reviewed here. There are two main sort of β-glucan in fungi, the insoluble β-glucan, being the main component of the cellwall and soluble β-glucan, being sent out of the cell. Superior structure is an important feature of β-glucan. Soluble β-glucan exists with triple- and single-helical structures. β-glucan can stimulate macrophages to release NO and active the spider G factor. And some of the bioactivities are irrelevant with the molecular structures. Though most of the bioactivities of β-glucan are related with immunopharmacology, it also has some side effects such as aggravating asthmatic and strengthening the side effects of non-asteroid anti-inflammation pharmcons. For the animals devoid of decomposing system for it , β-glucan can be accumulated in their bodies for months during which some of the bioactivities remains. Till now, no precise in vitro system for evaluating bioactivities of β-glucan is established. New in vitro evaluating system is needed to evaluate the regulating effects of β-glucan on animals' immune system.
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期95-100,共6页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 (批准号 :30 2 710 32 )
