摘要
在大理州典型的连片烟田作了调查访问,并采集了506个耕层土样进行系统化验、统计分析并与1983年的相应资料做比较。结果发现大理州植烟土壤肥力的主要指标有蜕化的趋势:土壤有机质平均2.77%,有下降趋势;pH平均值6.5,呈酸化趋势;碱解氮平均137.7mg/kg,呈上升趋势;速效磷平均29.7mg/kg,老烟区已累积偏高,且呈继续上升趋势,对烟叶生产不利;速效钾平均183.1mg/kg,总体较高也有上升趋势,但不平衡也有偏低的;交换性镁平均139.5mg/kg,约一半土壤偏低;速效硼0.31mg/kg,普遍缺乏或偏低;有效钼平均0.24mg/kg,约1/3缺乏;速效硫、钙、锰、铁、铜含量偏高,而含氯量偏低。烤烟施肥应减氮减磷稳钾,普遍施硼,因土施镁。在土壤pH<5.5时,应适施石灰,调节酸度。有机无机相结合,适当改变氮肥形态防止土壤进一步酸化,实施科学施肥确保植烟土壤可持续利用。
Soil survey has been conducted recently in flue-cured tobacco production area of Dali Prefecture of Yunnan.Total506surface layer soil samples were taken in representing of85%total tobacco production land for soil fertility quality assessments.New data from this survey was compared with the data from the second national soil survey in1983.The results indicated that soil fertility quality has been changed significantly under long term flue-cured tobacco production.Soil organic matter content was2.77%in average and there was a trend of decrease.For example,there were about 56.8%in1983but only36.0%in1999of total soil samples with soil organic matter content of>3.0%.Average soil pH was6.5,it also showed a trend of acidification.Soil available P was in a trend of increase,it was29.7mg /kg in average,some old tobacco production area this was already much too high to produce quality tobacco leaf.Soil available K was183.1mg /kg in average and there was a trend of increase as well.However,available Mg,B,Mo and Cl those secondary and trace nutrients were in the trend of deficient.The main driven forces leading to the soil fertility quality degradation in this area were unbalanced organic and inorganic fertilization,unbalanced macro-and micro-nutrients input.Long term over use of inorganic complex fertilizer and less or none organic fertilizers were recommended,resulting in soil organic matter depletion and soil buffer capacity reduction.Large amount of ammonium N input and leaching loss of cations promoted soil acidification.N,P and K accumulation may induce the relative deficient of secondary and micro-nutrients.Some practical counter measures for improvement of these de-graded tobacco soils were recommended.
出处
《中国烟草科学》
CSCD
2002年第4期35-39,共5页
Chinese Tobacco Science
关键词
土壤
肥力
演变趋势
烤烟
大理州
云南
Flue-crued tobacco
Soil
Fertility status
Variation trends
