摘要
本文报道在1983—1990年由国家环境保护局组织的中国各类水体(不包括水生物和底质)中天然放射性核素 U、^(226)Ra、Th 和^(40)K 浓度调查的方法、质量保证和主要调查结果。全国共调查了以七大江河为重点的外流河282条、内陆河29条;包括五大淡水湖在内的淡水湖101个,咸水湖27个;大、中型水库279座;温泉(含地热水)130个、冷水泉159个;农村浅水井713眼、深水井76眼;近海海域55处;还调查了城镇自来水厂702家;甘肃、宁夏部分农村窖水13处。本次调查共布点4021个,采集平、枯两水期水样6611个;所用分析方法为国家标准分析方法或经质量保证单位认可的、成熟的分析方法。调查结果表明,我国六类水体及城镇自来水、农村窖水中天然放射性核素浓度属正常本底水平,受海水影响的入海河段及部分成水湖中^(40)K 浓度较高并发现个别点 U 和^(226)Ra 浓度异常偏高。本次调查基本摸清了我国大陆各类水体及近海海水中天然放射性核素浓度的现状水平及其分布状况,为水体放射性环境管理及有关法规的制定提供了基础资料。
This paper reports the methods and the measures of quality assurance and the results for in-vestigation of concentration of natural radionuelides(U,Th,<sup>226</sup>Ra and<sup>40</sup>K)in various waters,1983—1990.The samples collected are from 282 outward rivers,29 continental rivers,101 freshwater lakes,27 saltwater lakes,279 reserviors,130 hot springs,159 cold springs,713 shallow water wells and 76deep water wells in countryside,55 coastal waters,702 waterworks in cities（towns）,13 cellars in thecountryside of Gansu and Ningxia Province.In this investigation,4021 sample sites were laid out and6611 water samples were collected in mediumterm and dry seasons.The water samples were analysedby state standard methods of the methods approved by quality assurance institution.The results showthat the concentrations of natural radionuclides in various waters,running water and cellar water in thecountryside belong to normal background level.The <sup>40</sup>K concentration is rather high in parts of saltlakes and river sections entering the sea.The current concentrations and its distribution of natural ra-dionuelides in various waters and coastal waters were cleared,which provide basic information for wa-ters radioactivity environmental management and formulation of laws and regulations.
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第2期143-163,共21页
Radiation Protection
关键词
水体
天然
放射性
核素
调查
中国
Waters
Natural Radionuclide
Concentration
Investigation
China
