摘要
目的 描述河北省5个县1993-1996年先天性唇腭裂的流行病学特征。 方法利用1992年建立的“中美预防神经管畸形合作项目”出生缺陷监测的常规报告资料,研究河北省5个县1993-1996年孕满20周的总出生人群中唇腭裂(包括单纯腭裂、唇裂伴或不伴腭裂)在不同地区、不同时间、不同性别的患病率。 结果 1993-1996年河北省5个县唇腭裂患病率为2.08‰(144/69 131),其中单纯腭裂患病率为0.30‰(21/69 131),唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(唇裂+/-腭裂)患病率为1.78‰(123/69 131);唇腭裂患病率元氏县最高(3.35‰),香河县最低(1.66‰),1993年最高(2.70‰),1995年最低(1.68‰),2月、4月、8月、10月、12月份相对较高,没有明显的季节波动;男性唇腭裂患病率为2.30‰,女性为1.82‰,男女性比为1.38;男性和女性唇裂+/-腭裂患病率分别为2.08‰和1.43‰,二者比较差异有显著性(x2=4.14,P<0.05)。 结论 1993-1996年河北省5个县的唇腭裂患病率持续较高,并在出生人群中存在性别差异。提示本地区可能存在持续的环境危险因素暴露以及唇腭裂遗传性在性别上的差异。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of oral clefts in 5 counties of Hebei Province of China, between 1993 and 1996. Methods Detailed data were obtained through the Birth Defects Surveillance System that was established in 1992. The study population comprised the total live and stillbirths (with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks) in the counties between 1993 and 1996. Birth prevalence of oral clefts (including cleft palate alone, cleft lip+ /-cleft palate) was calculated for specific birth populations. Results In the period of 1993-1996, the overall prevalence of oral clefts was 2. 080 total births, and the rates of cleft palate and cleft lip +/-cleft palate were 0. 300 and 1. 780 , respectively. The highest rate (3. 350 ) of oral clefts was seen in Yuanshi county, and the lowest (1. 660 )in Xianghe county. the highest birth prevalence (2. 700 ) of oral clefts was in the year 1993, and the lowest (1. 680 ) in 1995. There was no significant seasonal variation of oral clefts. The overall male/female ratio was 1. 38 : 1. The birth prevalence rates of cleft lip +/-cleft palate for male and female were 2. 080 and 1. 430 respectively (X2=4.14,P<0. 05). Conclusion The birth prevalence of oral clefts in the 5 counties of Hebei Province was persistently high, and sex differences existed during the period of between 1993 and 1996. Possible environmental factors and indicated and differences in susceptibility exist between two sexes.
